Jupyter Login Utility - Metasploit
This page contains detailed information about how to use the auxiliary/scanner/http/jupyter_login metasploit module. For list of all metasploit modules, visit the Metasploit Module Library.
Module Overview
Name: Jupyter Login Utility
Module: auxiliary/scanner/http/jupyter_login
Source code: modules/auxiliary/scanner/http/jupyter_login.rb
Disclosure date: -
Last modification time: 2021-08-31 15:37:48 +0000
Supported architecture(s): -
Supported platform(s): -
Target service / protocol: http, https
Target network port(s): 80, 443, 3000, 8000, 8008, 8080, 8443, 8880, 8888
List of CVEs: -
This module checks if authentication is required on a Jupyter Lab or Notebook server. If it is, this module will bruteforce the password. Jupyter only requires a password to authenticate, usernames are not used. This module is compatible with versions 4.3.0 (released 2016-12-08) and newer.
Module Ranking and Traits
Module Ranking:
- normal: The exploit is otherwise reliable, but depends on a specific version and can't (or doesn't) reliably autodetect. More information about ranking can be found here.
Basic Usage
This module is a scanner module, and is capable of testing against multiple hosts.
msf > use auxiliary/scanner/http/jupyter_login
msf auxiliary(jupyter_login) > show options
... show and set options ...
msf auxiliary(jupyter_login) > set RHOSTS ip-range
msf auxiliary(jupyter_login) > exploit
Other examples of setting the RHOSTS option:
Example 1:
msf auxiliary(jupyter_login) > set RHOSTS 192.168.1.3-192.168.1.200
Example 2:
msf auxiliary(jupyter_login) > set RHOSTS 192.168.1.1/24
Example 3:
msf auxiliary(jupyter_login) > set RHOSTS file:/tmp/ip_list.txt
Required Options
- RHOSTS: The target host(s), range CIDR identifier, or hosts file with syntax 'file:<path>'
Knowledge Base
Vulnerable Application
This module checks if authentication is required on a Jupyter Lab or Notebook server. If it is, this module will bruteforce the password. Jupyter only requires a password to authenticate, usernames are not used. This module is compatible with versions 4.3.0 (released 2016-12-08) and newer. Version 4.3.0 is the first version in which authentication is required by default.
A note on names, "Jupyter Lab" is the next-generation interface for "Jupyter Notebooks" which was the successor of the original IPython Notebook system. This module is compatible with both standard Jupyter Notebook and Jupyter Lab servers.
Installation
- Install the latest version of Jupyter from PyPi using pip:
pip install notebook. The "notebook" package is the core application and is the one whose version number is used as the Jupyter version number referred to in this document. - Start Jupyter using
jupyter notebook --ip='*'to start Jupyter listening on all IP addresses.- New installs will randomly generate an authentication token and open the browser with it
- As of version 5.3, the user will be prompted to set a password the first time they open the UI
- Note that you may need to restart Jupyter after changing the password in order for Jupyter to start using the new password.
- If you can't reset the password, it may be because you need to create the directory
.jupyterin the directory you are running thejupyter notebook --ip='*'command from.
- With the password set, the module can be tested
Verification Steps
- Install the application
- Start msfconsole
- Do:
use auxiliary/scanner/http/jupyter_login - Set the
RHOSTSoption- With no other options set, this will only check if authentication is required
- Do:
run - You should the server version
- If password options (such as
PASS_FILE) where specified, and the server requires authentication then you should see login attempts
Scenarios
Jupyter Notebook 4.3.0 With No Authentication Requirement
msf5 > use auxiliary/scanner/http/jupyter_login
msf5 auxiliary(scanner/http/jupyter_login) > set RHOSTS 192.168.159.128
RHOSTS => 192.168.159.128
msf5 auxiliary(scanner/http/jupyter_login) > set PASS_FILE /tmp/passwords.txt
PASS_FILE => /tmp/passwords.txt
msf5 auxiliary(scanner/http/jupyter_login) > run
[*] 192.168.159.128:8888 - The server responded that it is running Jupyter version: 4.3.0
[+] 192.168.159.128:8888 - No password is required.
[*] Scanned 1 of 1 hosts (100% complete)
[*] Auxiliary module execution completed
msf5 auxiliary(scanner/http/jupyter_login) >
Jupyter Notebook 6.0.2 With A Password Set
msf5 > use auxiliary/scanner/http/jupyter_login
msf5 auxiliary(scanner/http/jupyter_login) > set RHOSTS 192.168.159.128
RHOSTS => 192.168.159.128
msf5 auxiliary(scanner/http/jupyter_login) > set PASS_FILE /tmp/passwords.txt
PASS_FILE => /tmp/passwords.txt
msf5 auxiliary(scanner/http/jupyter_login) > run
[*] 192.168.159.128:8888 - The server responded that it is running Jupyter version: 6.0.2
[-] 192.168.159.128:8888 - LOGIN FAILED: :Password (Incorrect)
[+] 192.168.159.128:8888 - Login Successful: :Password1
[*] Scanned 1 of 1 hosts (100% complete)
[*] Auxiliary module execution completed
msf5 auxiliary(scanner/http/jupyter_login) >
Go back to menu.
Msfconsole Usage
Here is how the scanner/http/jupyter_login auxiliary module looks in the msfconsole:
msf6 > use auxiliary/scanner/http/jupyter_login
msf6 auxiliary(scanner/http/jupyter_login) > show info
Name: Jupyter Login Utility
Module: auxiliary/scanner/http/jupyter_login
License: Metasploit Framework License (BSD)
Rank: Normal
Provided by:
Spencer McIntyre
Check supported:
No
Basic options:
Name Current Setting Required Description
---- --------------- -------- -----------
BLANK_PASSWORDS false no Try blank passwords for all users
BRUTEFORCE_SPEED 5 yes How fast to bruteforce, from 0 to 5
DB_ALL_PASS false no Add all passwords in the current database to the list
PASSWORD no A specific password to authenticate with
PASS_FILE no File containing passwords, one per line
Proxies no A proxy chain of format type:host:port[,type:host:port][...]
RHOSTS yes The target host(s), range CIDR identifier, or hosts file with syntax 'file:<path>'
RPORT 8888 yes The target port (TCP)
SSL false no Negotiate SSL/TLS for outgoing connections
TARGETURI / yes The path to the Jupyter application
THREADS 1 yes The number of concurrent threads (max one per host)
VERBOSE true yes Whether to print output for all attempts
VHOST no HTTP server virtual host
Description:
This module checks if authentication is required on a Jupyter Lab or
Notebook server. If it is, this module will bruteforce the password.
Jupyter only requires a password to authenticate, usernames are not
used. This module is compatible with versions 4.3.0 (released
2016-12-08) and newer.
Module Options
This is a complete list of options available in the scanner/http/jupyter_login auxiliary module:
msf6 auxiliary(scanner/http/jupyter_login) > show options
Module options (auxiliary/scanner/http/jupyter_login):
Name Current Setting Required Description
---- --------------- -------- -----------
BLANK_PASSWORDS false no Try blank passwords for all users
BRUTEFORCE_SPEED 5 yes How fast to bruteforce, from 0 to 5
DB_ALL_PASS false no Add all passwords in the current database to the list
PASSWORD no A specific password to authenticate with
PASS_FILE no File containing passwords, one per line
Proxies no A proxy chain of format type:host:port[,type:host:port][...]
RHOSTS yes The target host(s), range CIDR identifier, or hosts file with syntax 'file:<path>'
RPORT 8888 yes The target port (TCP)
SSL false no Negotiate SSL/TLS for outgoing connections
TARGETURI / yes The path to the Jupyter application
THREADS 1 yes The number of concurrent threads (max one per host)
VERBOSE true yes Whether to print output for all attempts
VHOST no HTTP server virtual host
Advanced Options
Here is a complete list of advanced options supported by the scanner/http/jupyter_login auxiliary module:
msf6 auxiliary(scanner/http/jupyter_login) > show advanced
Module advanced options (auxiliary/scanner/http/jupyter_login):
Name Current Setting Required Description
---- --------------- -------- -----------
DOMAIN WORKSTATION yes The domain to use for Windows authentication
DigestAuthIIS true no Conform to IIS, should work for most servers. Only set to false for non-IIS servers
FingerprintCheck true no Conduct a pre-exploit fingerprint verification
HttpClientTimeout no HTTP connection and receive timeout
HttpPassword no The HTTP password to specify for authentication
HttpRawHeaders no Path to ERB-templatized raw headers to append to existing headers
HttpTrace false no Show the raw HTTP requests and responses
HttpTraceColors red/blu no HTTP request and response colors for HttpTrace (unset to disable)
HttpTraceHeadersOnly false no Show HTTP headers only in HttpTrace
MaxGuessesPerService 0 no Maximum number of credentials to try per service instance. If set to zero or a non-number, this option will not be used.
MaxGuessesPerUser 0 no Maximum guesses for a particular username for the service instance. Note that users are considered unique among different services, so a user at 10.1.1.1:22
is different from one at 10.2.2.2:22, and both will be tried up to the MaxGuessesPerUser limit. If set to zero or a non-number, this option will not be use
d.
MaxMinutesPerService 0 no Maximum time in minutes to bruteforce the service instance. If set to zero or a non-number, this option will not be used.
REMOVE_PASS_FILE false yes Automatically delete the PASS_FILE on module completion
REMOVE_USERPASS_FILE false yes Automatically delete the USERPASS_FILE on module completion
REMOVE_USER_FILE false yes Automatically delete the USER_FILE on module completion
SSLVersion Auto yes Specify the version of SSL/TLS to be used (Auto, TLS and SSL23 are auto-negotiate) (Accepted: Auto, TLS, SSL23, SSL3, TLS1, TLS1.1, TLS1.2)
ShowProgress true yes Display progress messages during a scan
ShowProgressPercent 10 yes The interval in percent that progress should be shown
TRANSITION_DELAY 0 no Amount of time (in minutes) to delay before transitioning to the next user in the array (or password when PASSWORD_SPRAY=true)
UserAgent Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.1) no The User-Agent header to use for all requests
WORKSPACE no Specify the workspace for this module
Auxiliary Actions
This is a list of all auxiliary actions that the scanner/http/jupyter_login module can do:
msf6 auxiliary(scanner/http/jupyter_login) > show actions
Auxiliary actions:
Name Description
---- -----------
Evasion Options
Here is the full list of possible evasion options supported by the scanner/http/jupyter_login auxiliary module in order to evade defenses (e.g. Antivirus, EDR, Firewall, NIDS etc.):
msf6 auxiliary(scanner/http/jupyter_login) > show evasion
Module evasion options:
Name Current Setting Required Description
---- --------------- -------- -----------
HTTP::header_folding false no Enable folding of HTTP headers
HTTP::method_random_case false no Use random casing for the HTTP method
HTTP::method_random_invalid false no Use a random invalid, HTTP method for request
HTTP::method_random_valid false no Use a random, but valid, HTTP method for request
HTTP::pad_fake_headers false no Insert random, fake headers into the HTTP request
HTTP::pad_fake_headers_count 0 no How many fake headers to insert into the HTTP request
HTTP::pad_get_params false no Insert random, fake query string variables into the request
HTTP::pad_get_params_count 16 no How many fake query string variables to insert into the request
HTTP::pad_method_uri_count 1 no How many whitespace characters to use between the method and uri
HTTP::pad_method_uri_type space no What type of whitespace to use between the method and uri (Accepted: space, tab, apache)
HTTP::pad_post_params false no Insert random, fake post variables into the request
HTTP::pad_post_params_count 16 no How many fake post variables to insert into the request
HTTP::pad_uri_version_count 1 no How many whitespace characters to use between the uri and version
HTTP::pad_uri_version_type space no What type of whitespace to use between the uri and version (Accepted: space, tab, apache)
HTTP::uri_dir_fake_relative false no Insert fake relative directories into the uri
HTTP::uri_dir_self_reference false no Insert self-referential directories into the uri
HTTP::uri_encode_mode hex-normal no Enable URI encoding (Accepted: none, hex-normal, hex-noslashes, hex-random, hex-all, u-normal, u-all, u-random)
HTTP::uri_fake_end false no Add a fake end of URI (eg: /%20HTTP/1.0/../../)
HTTP::uri_fake_params_start false no Add a fake start of params to the URI (eg: /%3fa=b/../)
HTTP::uri_full_url false no Use the full URL for all HTTP requests
HTTP::uri_use_backslashes false no Use back slashes instead of forward slashes in the uri
HTTP::version_random_invalid false no Use a random invalid, HTTP version for request
HTTP::version_random_valid false no Use a random, but valid, HTTP version for request
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Error Messages
This module may fail with the following error messages:
Check for the possible causes from the code snippets below found in the module source code. This can often times help in identifying the root cause of the problem.
The server responded with a redirect that did not match a known fingerprint
Here is a relevant code snippet related to the "The server responded with a redirect that did not match a known fingerprint" error message:
48: return false if res&.code == 200
49:
50: destination = res.headers['Location'].split('?', 2)[0]
51: return true if destination.end_with?(normalize_uri(target_uri.path, 'login'))
52:
53: fail_with(Failure::UnexpectedReply, 'The server responded with a redirect that did not match a known fingerprint')
54: end
55:
56: def run_host(ip)
57: res = send_request_cgi({
58: 'method' => 'GET',
Failed to fetch the Jupyter API version
Here is a relevant code snippet related to the "Failed to fetch the Jupyter API version" error message:
56: def run_host(ip)
57: res = send_request_cgi({
58: 'method' => 'GET',
59: 'uri' => normalize_uri(target_uri.path, 'api')
60: })
61: fail_with(Failure::Unreachable, 'Failed to fetch the Jupyter API version') if res.nil?
62:
63: version = res&.get_json_document&.dig('version')
64: fail_with(Failure::UnexpectedReply, 'Failed to fetch the Jupyter API version') if version.nil?
65:
66: vprint_status "#{peer} - The server responded that it is running Jupyter version: #{version}"
Failed to fetch the Jupyter API version
Here is a relevant code snippet related to the "Failed to fetch the Jupyter API version" error message:
59: 'uri' => normalize_uri(target_uri.path, 'api')
60: })
61: fail_with(Failure::Unreachable, 'Failed to fetch the Jupyter API version') if res.nil?
62:
63: version = res&.get_json_document&.dig('version')
64: fail_with(Failure::UnexpectedReply, 'Failed to fetch the Jupyter API version') if version.nil?
65:
66: vprint_status "#{peer} - The server responded that it is running Jupyter version: #{version}"
67:
68: unless requires_password?(ip)
69: print_good "#{peer} - No password is required."
<PEER> - LOGIN FAILED: <RESULT.CREDENTIAL> (<RESULT.STATUS>)
Here is a relevant code snippet related to the "<PEER> - LOGIN FAILED: <RESULT.CREDENTIAL> (<RESULT.STATUS>)" error message:
108: credential_data[:core] = credential_core
109: create_credential_login(credential_data)
110:
111: print_good "#{peer} - Login Successful: #{result.credential}"
112: else
113: invalidate_login(credential_data)
114: vprint_error "#{peer} - LOGIN FAILED: #{result.credential} (#{result.status})"
115: end
116: end
117: end
118: end
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Related Pull Requests
- #14734 Merged Pull Request: Rubocop recently landed modules
- #14048 Merged Pull Request: Allow scanner modules to skip hosts on fail_with
- #14043 Merged Pull Request: Fix jupyter-login when scanning non-Jupyter hosts
- #13959 Merged Pull Request: Add a login scanner for Jupyter Notebooks
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See Also
Check also the following modules related to this module:
- auxiliary/scanner/http/apache_optionsbleed
- auxiliary/scanner/http/options
- auxiliary/scanner/sip/options
- auxiliary/scanner/sip/options_tcp
- auxiliary/sqli/oracle/droptable_trigger
- encoder/x86/opt_sub
- exploit/freebsd/local/ip6_setpktopt_uaf_priv_esc
- exploit/linux/local/systemtap_modprobe_options_priv_esc
- exploit/linux/pptp/poptop_negative_read
- exploit/multi/http/sun_jsws_dav_options
- exploit/unix/webapp/wp_optimizepress_upload
- exploit/windows/browser/ms11_081_option
- exploit/windows/local/persistence_image_exec_options
- nop/x86/opty2
- exploit/dialup/multi/login/manyargs
Authors
- Spencer McIntyre
Version
This page has been produced using Metasploit Framework version 6.1.27-dev. For more modules, visit the Metasploit Module Library.
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